scholarly journals Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) on request from the European Commission related to: Assessing the risk of Foot and Mouth Disease introduction into the EU from developing countries, assessing the reduction of this risk t

EFSA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals The Implications of EU Regulation 2016/429 on Neglected Diseases of Small Ruminants including Contagious Agalactia with Particular Reference to Italy

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Guido Ruggero Loria ◽  
Luigi Ruocco ◽  
Gabriele Ciaccio ◽  
Francesco Iovino ◽  
Robin A. J. Nicholas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Eu

After almost 40 years, the 27 member states (MS) of the European Union (EU) will comply with the European Law 429/2016 in 2021 by completing a process of unification and harmonization of all regulations related to animal health between MS. These new provisions are based on modern scientific principles on animal health, on long-term epidemiological data, and, above all, on the most current risk assessment and analysis. The paper describes all changes and updates, which will impact the Italian current National regulation. A total of 58 animal diseases have been included in the Annex II (“Listing”) and Annex IV (“Categorization”) of the new Delegated Act (DA 2018/1629). Five diseases comprising the great viral epizooties were automatically included on the list because of their primary importance. These diseases include foot and mouth disease (FMD), African swine fever (ASF), classical swine fever (CSF), highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), and African horse sickness (AHS). Another 53 diseases have been identified by the ad hoc assessment on listing and categorization of animal diseases developed by the European Food Safety Association. Seventeen communicable diseases of the Order Artiodactlya (sheep, goats, deer, etc.) have been listed including foot and mouth disease, sheep and goat pox, and pestes de petits ruminants. In addition, other endemic diseases affecting more than one species include blue tongue, tuberculosis, brucellosis, and anthrax. There are five categories (A-E) based on the degree of action to be undertaken throughout the EU for each disease. These vary from complete eradication for diseases not normally found in the EU like FMD (category A) for establishing surveillance for diseases like West Nile that present high risk but lack control tools (category E).

Socio-Economic Impacts of Foot and Mouth Disease Among Cattle Farmers in Sagaing and Mandalay Areas, Myanmar

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Thanda Kyaw
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
World Organisation ◽  
Control And Eradication

The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Sub-Regional Representation for South East Asia (OIE SRR-SEA) implemented the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ) Programme funded by AusAID to strengthen the veterinary services and effectively manage the control and eradication of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar. The purpose of the study is to understand how FMD outbreaks impact smallholder farmers, both men and women, at the household and village level and how control and eradication of FMD would benefit them. Specific aims are to estimate the direct and indirect socio-economic costs associated with the outbreaks of FMD as well as of the measures taken by farmers to deal with such outbreaks and to identify issues that contributed to the socio-economic impacts of FMD outbreaks and opportunities to reduce them.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Microbiological Methods to Test Sterility of Foot-and-mouth Disease Vaccines Produced in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Carla Rosane Rodenbusch ◽  
Luiz Roberto da Silveira ◽  
Álvaro Ricardo Bavaresco ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Burgel Sfoggia
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Direct Inoculation ◽  
Filtration Technique

Background: Foot-and-mouth vaccines are an important tool in the control and eradication of the disease. In order to be commercialized, vaccines produced in Brazil undergo an evaluation process by health authorities, which includes sterility testing, residual active virus, potency, thermal stability, volume and non-structural protein activity. Sterility tests described in the Brazilian Pharmacopeia and by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) include direct inoculation and membrane filtration methods. The objective of the present study was to evaluate these two methods used to analyze sterility of vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease produced in Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Vaccines produced by the six main laboratories in Brazil were initially tested for filtration capacity. The sensitivity of the two techniques was determined artificially contaminating vaccines using known bacterial concentrations. Vaccines (9 bottles) from the same manufacturer were inoculated with 5 mL of steady-state growths of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Clostridium sporogenes to final concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 CFU/ mL and a final volume of 55 mL. Bottles were manually shaken for 1 min to complete homogenization of contents. Then, 10 mL of each flask were used in assessment of the direct inoculation method, and 10 mL were used to evaluate the membrane filtration technique. Direct inoculation was carried out inoculating 1 mL of the experimentally contaminated vaccine in five tryptic soy broth (TSB) and fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) bottles. The membrane filtration technique was carried out filtrating 10 mL of the challenged vaccines in a peristaltic pump system (SteritestTM Pump System), where vaccines were initially solubilized in Triton X-100 to promote filtration. Next, membranes are incubated in TSB and FTM. These use two types of culture medium, tryptic soy broth (TSB) and fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM), with incubation times of 20-25ºC and 30-35ºC, respectively, to detect fungi, yeasts, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The medium is incubated for 14 days, to enable the detection of slow-growth microorganisms that may be in a latent stage or weakened due to the extreme conditions of the production process (like the use of cleaning and disinfection agents, ultraviolet light, and preservers, for instance). All vaccines were effectively filtered in the SteritestTM Pump System. Membrane filtration and direct inoculation presented the same sensitivity to detect yeasts (0.1 CFU/mL) and anaerobic organisms (1 CFU/mL). For the detection of aerobic organisms, membrane filtration was 100 times more sensitive, compared to direct inoculation.Discussion: The specialized literature also reports that, apart from the higher sensitivity, membrane filtration affords to reduce contamination during the procedures, since it is carried out in a closed system. In addition, it is indicated in the analysis of large sample volumes. Moreover, membrane filtration reduces the occurrence of false positive results, since it removes the excess vaccine volume from the culture medium, which may be mistaken for turbidity caused by bacterial growth. In this sense, the membrane filtration technique is more appropriate in the control of vaccine sterility in foot-andmouth disease prevention strategies, and is an interesting tool to improve quality control of the product.

scholarly journals Parallels, differences and lessons: a comparison of the management of foot-and-mouth disease and COVID-19 using UK 2001/2020 as points of reference

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1938) ◽  
pp. 20200906
Author(s):  
Keith Sumption ◽  
Theodore J. D. Knight-Jones ◽  
Melissa McLaws ◽  
David J. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Rapid Emergence ◽  
Critical Resources

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely infectious viral infection of cloven-hoofed animals which is highly challenging to control and can give rise to national animal health crises, especially if there is a lack of pre-existing immunity due to the emergence of new strains or following incursions into disease-free regions. The 2001 FMD epidemic in the UK was on a scale that initially overwhelmed the national veterinary services and was eventually controlled by livestock lockdown and slaughter on an unprecedented scale. In 2020, the rapid emergence of COVID-19 has led to a human pandemic unparalleled in living memory. The enormous logistics of multi-agency control efforts for COVID-19 are reminiscent of the 2001 FMD epidemic in the UK, as are the use of movement restrictions, not normally a feature of human disease control. The UK experience is internationally relevant as few countries have experienced national epidemic crises for both diseases. In this review, we reflect on the experiences and lessons learnt from UK and international responses to FMD and COVID-19 with respect to their management, including the challenge of preclinical viral transmission, threat awareness, early detection, different interpretations of scientific information, lockdown, biosecurity behaviour change, shortage of testing capacity and the choices for eradication versus living with infection. A major lesson is that the similarity of issues and critical resources needed to manage large-scale outbreaks demonstrates that there is benefit to a ‘One Health’ approach to preparedness, with potential for greater cooperation in planning and the consideration of shared critical resources.

scholarly journals Financial impact of foot-and-mouth disease inTurkey: acquisition of required data viaDelphiexpert opinion survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Senturk ◽  
C. Yalcin
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Expert Opinion Survey

The main obstacle in assessing the financial impact of foot-and-mouth disease inTurkeyis unavailability of reliable data. Considering this issue, this study aimed at using a Delphi Expert Opinion Survey (DEOS) method to obtain data required for economic analysis of FMD inTurkey. This study concluded that although there were problems in obtaining some information from the experts, in general theDelphitechnique is a promising way of obtaining animal health data, which is otherwise missing and/or not regularly recorded in developing countries.

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