scholarly journals Efforts to improve aero engine performance through the optimal design of heat recuperation systems targeting fuel consumption and pollutant emissions reduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinon Vlahostergios ◽  
Dimitrios Misirlis ◽  
Michael Flouros ◽  
Stefan Donnerhack ◽  
Kyros Yakinthos
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Heat Recuperation

Thermodynamics Cycle Analysis, Pressure Loss and Heat Transfer Assessment of a Recuperative System for Aero Engines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Goulas ◽  
S. Donnerhack ◽  
M. Flouros ◽  
D. Misirlis ◽  
Z. Vlahostergios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Aero Engines

Aiming in the direction of designing more efficient aero engines, various concepts have been developed in recent years, among which is the concept of an intercooled and recuperative aero engine. Particularly in the area of recuperation, MTU Aero Engines has been driving research activities in the last decade. This concept is based on the use of a system of heat exchangers mounted inside the hot-gas exhaust nozzle (recuperator). Through the operation of the system of heat exchangers, the heat from the exhaust gas, downstream the LP turbine of the jet engine is driven back to the combustion chamber. Thus, the preheated air enters the engine combustion chamber with increased enthalpy, providing improved combustion and by consequence, increased fuel economy and low-level emissions. If additionally an intercooler is placed between the compressor stages of the aero engine, the compressed air is then cooled by the intercooler thus, less compression work is required to reach the compressor target pressure. In this paper an overall assessment of the system is presented with particular focus on the recuperative system and the heat exchangers mounted into the aero engine’s exhaust nozzle. The herein presented results were based on the combined use of CFD computations, experimental measurements and thermodynamic cycle analysis. They focus on the effects of total pressure losses and heat exchanger efficiency on the aero engine performance especially the engine’s overall efficiency and the specific fuel consumption. More specifically, two different hot-gas exhaust nozzle configurations incorporating modifications in the system of heat exchangers are examined. The results show that significant improvements can be achieved in overall efficiency and specific fuel consumption hence contributing into the reduction of CO2 and NOx emissions. The design of a more sophisticated recuperation system can lead to further improvements in the aero engine efficiency in the reduction of fuel consumption. This work is part of the European funded research program LEMCOTEC (Low Emissions Core engine Technologies).

scholarly journals Effects of bioethanol ultrasonic generated aerosols application on diesel engine performances

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1931-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Mariasiu ◽  
Nicolae Burnete ◽  
Dan Moldovanu ◽  
Bogdan Varga ◽  
Calin Iclodean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Ultrasound Device ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Bioethanol Fuel

In this paper the effects of an experimental bioethanol fumigation application using an experimental ultrasound device on performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine have been experimentally investigated. Engine performance and pollutant emissions variations were considered for three different types of fuels (biodiesel, biodiesel-bioethanol blend and biodiesel and fumigated bioethanol). Reductions in brake specific fuel consumption and NOx pollutant emissions are correlated with the use of ultrasonic fumigation of bioethanol fuel, comparative to use of biodiesel-bioethanol blend. Considering the fuel consumption as diesel engine?s main performance parameter, the proposed bioethanol?s fumigation method, offers the possibility to use more efficient renewable biofuels (bioethanol), with immediate effects on environmental protection.

scholarly journals Performance, Emissions, and Efficiency of Biodiesel versus Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils (HVO), Considering Different Driving Cycles Sensitivity Analysis (NEDC and WLTP)

Fuels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-470
Author(s):  
Luis Serrano ◽  
Barbara Santana ◽  
Nuno Pires ◽  
Cristina Correia
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Type Approval ◽  
Cost Effective Approach

The use of biofuels in vehicles becomes more advantageous than the consumption of fossil fuels, mainly because it uses renewable sources of energy. Recently there are some concerns about biodiesel sources, and hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO) appear as a possible advanced solution. To understand the effect that the implementation of the new and old European type-approval test cycles (NEDC e WLTP) has on the results of these fuels considering pollutant emissions and fuel consumption results, a EURO V vehicle was subject to these cycles and also to engine performance evaluation tests. For this analysis, the fuels considered were: B0 (pure diesel), B7 (7% of biodiesel), B15 (15% of biodiesel), B100 (pure biodiesel), and HVO15 (15% of HVO). The findings lead to the conclusion that completely replacing fossil fuels with biofuels is not the most cost-effective approach. No significant differences were observed considering the two homologation cycles, the oldest (NEDC) and the actual (WLTP) and the use of HVO also does not present any relevant differences concerning the fuel consumption differences to B0 (+0.58% NEDC and +0.05%WLTP), comparing well with biodiesel behavior (−1.74% NEDC and −0.69%WLTP for B7 and +1.48% NEDC and 1.89% WLTP for B15). Considering the power of the engine obtained with the fuels, the differences are almost negligible, revealing variations smaller than 2% for B7, B15, and HVO15.

Variable smoothing of optimal diesel engine calibration for improved performance and drivability during transient operation

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742091880
Author(s):  
Varun Pandey ◽  
Stijn van Dooren ◽  
Johannes Ritzmann ◽  
Benjamín Pla ◽  
Christopher Onder
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Tuning Parameter ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Optimal Calibration

The model-based method to define the optimal calibration maps for important diesel engine parameters may involve three major steps. First, the engine speed and load domain – in which the engine is operated – are identified. Then, a global engine model is created, which can be used for offline simulations to estimate engine performance. Finally, optimal calibration maps are obtained by formulating and solving an optimisation problem, with the goal of minimising fuel consumption while meeting constraints on pollutant emissions. This last step in the calibration process usually involves smoothing of the maps in order to improve drivability. This article presents a method to trade off map smoothness, brake-specific fuel consumption and nitrogen oxide emissions. After calculating the optimal but potentially non-smooth calibration maps, a variation-based smoothing method is employed to obtain different levels of smoothness by adapting a single tuning parameter. The method was experimentally validated on a heavy-duty diesel engine, and the non-road transient cycle was used as a case study. The error between the reference and actual engine torque was used as a metric for drivability, and the error was found to decrease with increasing map smoothness. After having obtained this trade-off for various fixed levels of smoothness, a time-varying smoothness calibration was generated and tested. Experimental results showed that, with a time-varying smoothness strategy, nitrogen oxide emissions could be reduced by 4%, while achieving the same drivability and fuel consumption as in the case of a fixed smoothing strategy.

Development, Numerical Investigation and Experimental Validation of a New Recuperator Design for Aero Engines Applications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinon Vlahostergios ◽  
Dimitrios Misirlis ◽  
Michael Flouros ◽  
Christina Salpingidou ◽  
Stefan Donnerhack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Aero Engines

Targeting the development of more efficient aero engine designs, various concepts have been considered through the previous years, among which is the Intercooled Recuperative Aero engine (IRA) concept. In the IRA concept a system of heat exchangers is mounted in the hot-gas exhaust nozzle, downstream of the low-pressure turbine focusing on the exploitation of the waste heat exhaust gasses for preheating the compressor discharge air just before the latter enters the combustion chamber, resulting in fuel consumption and pollutants emission reduction. In the present work a new heat exchanger design for use as a recuperator is proposed for possible implementation in the IRA engine, based on an annular configuration design which is more easily integrated in an aero engine. The new recuperator external pressure losses are computationally and experimentally investigated for laboratory conditions, providing very good agreement. Additionally, the pressure losses just before the recuperator were further minimized by introducing riblet films inside the exhaust conical nozzle. The optimized recuperator characteristics were included in a thermodynamic analysis of the IRA engine and it was shown that considerable improvement in fuel consumption and pollutant emissions reduction could be achieved.

scholarly journals Experimental Assessment of the Performance and Emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine Using Waste-Derived Biofuels as Additives

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5209
Author(s):  
Joaquim Costa ◽  
Jorge Martins ◽  
Tiago Arantes ◽  
Margarida Gonçalves ◽  
Luis Durão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

The use of biofuels for spark ignition engines is proposed to diversify fuel sources and reduce fossil fuel consumption, optimize engine performance, and reduce pollutant emissions. Additionally, when these biofuels are produced from low-grade wastes, they constitute valorisation pathways for these otherwise unprofitable wastes. In this study, ethanol and pyrolysis biogasoline made from low-grade wastes were evaluated as additives for commercial gasoline (RON95, RON98) in tests performed in a spark ignition engine. Binary fuel mixtures of ethanol + gasoline or biogasoline + gasoline with biofuel incorporation of 2% (w/w) to 10% (w/w) were evaluated and compared with ternary fuel mixtures of ethanol + biogasoline + gasoline with biofuel incorporation rates from 1% (w/w) to 5% (w/w). The fuel mix performance was assessed by determination of torque and power, fuel consumption and efficiency, and emissions (HC, CO, and NOx). An electronic control unit (ECU) was used to regulate the air–fuel ratio/lambda and the ignition advance for maximum brake torque (MBT), wide-open throttle (WOT)), and two torque loads for different engine speeds representative of typical driving. The additive incorporation up to 10% often improved efficiency and lowered emissions such as CO and HC relative to both straight gasolines, but NOx increased with the addition of a blend.

scholarly journals Compressor Degradation Management Strategies for Gas Turbine Aero-Engine Controller Design

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5711
Author(s):  
Xiaohuan Sun ◽  
Soheil Jafari ◽  
Seyed Alireza Miran Fashandi ◽  
Theoklis Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Aero Engine

The Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe (ACARE) Flight Path 2050 focuses on ambitious and severe targets for the next generation of air travel systems (e.g., 75% reduction in CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre, a 90% reduction in NOx emissions, and a 65% reduction in the noise emissions of flying aircraft relative to the capabilities of typical new aircraft in 2000). Degradation is an inevitable phenomenon as aero-engines age with significant impacts on the engine performance, emissions level, and fuel consumption. The engine control system is a key element capable of coping with degradation consequences subject to the implementation of an advanced management strategy. This paper demonstrates a methodological approach for aero-engine controller adjustment to deal with degradation implications, such as emission levels and increased fuel consumption. For this purpose, a component level model for an aero-engine was first built and transformed to a block-structured Wiener model using a system identification approach. An industrial Min-Max control strategy was then developed to satisfy the steady state and transient limit protection requirements simultaneously while satisfying the physical limitation control modes, such as over-speed, surge, and over-temperature. Next, the effects of degradation on the engine performance and associated changes to the controller were analysed thoroughly to propose practical degradation management strategies based on a comprehensive scientometric analysis of the topic. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy was effective in restoring the degraded engine performance to the level of the clean engine while protecting the engine from physical limitations. The proposed adjustments in the control strategy reduced the fuel consumption and, as a result, the emission level and carbon footprint of the engine.

Supercharging the Double-Fueled Spark Ignition Engine: Performance and Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Pipitone ◽  
Stefano Beccari ◽  
Giuseppe Genchi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Boost Pressure

Internal combustion engine development focuses mainly on two aspects: fuel economy improvement and pollutant emissions reduction. As a consequence, light duty spark ignition (SI) engines have become smaller, supercharged, and equipped with direct injection and advanced valve train control systems. The use of alternative fuels, such as natural gas (NG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), thanks to their lower cost and environmental impact, widely spread in the automotive market, above all in bifuel vehicles, whose spark ignited engines may run either with gasoline or with gaseous fuel. The authors in previous works experimentally tested the strong engine efficiency increment and pollutant emissions reduction attainable by the simultaneous combustion of gasoline and gaseous fuel (NG or LPG). The increased knock resistance, obtained by the addition of gaseous fuel to gasoline, allowed the engine to run with stoichiometric mixture and best spark timing even at full load. In the present work, the authors extended the research by testing the combustion of gasoline–NG mixtures, in different proportions, in supercharged conditions, with several boost pressure levels, in order to evaluate the benefits in terms of engine performance, efficiency, and pollutant emissions with respect to pure gasoline and pure NG operation. The results indicate that a fuel mixture with a NG mass percentage of 40% allows to maximize engine performance by adopting the highest boost pressure (1.6 bar), while the best efficiency would be obtained with moderate boosting (1.2 bar) and NG content between 40% and 60% in mass.

scholarly journals Effect of boosting system architecture and thermomechanical limits on diesel engine performance: Part II—transient operation

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Galindo ◽  
Hector Climent ◽  
Olivier Varnier ◽  
Chaitanya Patil
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Transient Operations ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, internal combustion engine developments are focused on efficiency optimization and emission reduction. Increasing focus on world harmonized ways to determine the performance and emissions on Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure cycles, it is essential to optimize the engines for transient operations. To achieve these objectives, the downsized or downspeeded engines are required, which can reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. However, these technologies ask for efficient charging systems. This article consists of the study of different boosting architectures (single stage and two stage) with a combination of different charging systems like superchargers and e-boosters. A parametric study has been carried out with a zero-dimensional engine model to analyze and compare different architectures on the different engine displacements. The impact of thermomechanical limits, turbo sizes and other engine development option characterizations is proposed to improve fuel consumption, maximum power and performance of the downsized/downspeeded diesel engines during the transient operations.

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