Supercharging the Double-Fueled Spark Ignition Engine: Performance and Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Pipitone ◽  
Stefano Beccari ◽  
Giuseppe Genchi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Boost Pressure

Internal combustion engine development focuses mainly on two aspects: fuel economy improvement and pollutant emissions reduction. As a consequence, light duty spark ignition (SI) engines have become smaller, supercharged, and equipped with direct injection and advanced valve train control systems. The use of alternative fuels, such as natural gas (NG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), thanks to their lower cost and environmental impact, widely spread in the automotive market, above all in bifuel vehicles, whose spark ignited engines may run either with gasoline or with gaseous fuel. The authors in previous works experimentally tested the strong engine efficiency increment and pollutant emissions reduction attainable by the simultaneous combustion of gasoline and gaseous fuel (NG or LPG). The increased knock resistance, obtained by the addition of gaseous fuel to gasoline, allowed the engine to run with stoichiometric mixture and best spark timing even at full load. In the present work, the authors extended the research by testing the combustion of gasoline–NG mixtures, in different proportions, in supercharged conditions, with several boost pressure levels, in order to evaluate the benefits in terms of engine performance, efficiency, and pollutant emissions with respect to pure gasoline and pure NG operation. The results indicate that a fuel mixture with a NG mass percentage of 40% allows to maximize engine performance by adopting the highest boost pressure (1.6 bar), while the best efficiency would be obtained with moderate boosting (1.2 bar) and NG content between 40% and 60% in mass.

scholarly journals Aspects of the bioethanol use at the turbocharged spark ignition engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1959-1966
Author(s):  
Zuhair Obeid ◽  
Alexandru Cernat ◽  
Constantin Pana ◽  
Niculae Negurescu
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Research Domain

In the actual content of pollution regulations for the automotives, the use of alternative fuels becomes a priority of the thermal engine scientific research domain. From this point of view bioethanol can represents a viable alternative fuel for spark ignition engines offering the perspective of pollutant emissions reduction and combustion improvement. The paper presents results of the experimental investigations of a turbo-supercharged spark ignition engine (developed from a natural admission spark ignition engine fuelled with gasoline) fuelled with bioethanol-gasoline blends. The engine is equipped with a turbocharger for low pressure supercharging, up till 1.4 bar. An correlation between air supercharging pressure-compression ratio-dosage-spark ignition timing-brake power is establish to avoid knocking phenomena at the engine operate regime of full load and 3000 min-1. The influences of the bioethanol on pollutant emissions level are presented.

Performance and Emission Assessments for Different Acetone Gasoline Blends Powered Spark Ignition Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alahmer
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Performance And Emission

Acetone-gasoline fuel is considered as one of the promising alternative fuels in recent years and it is promoted as being able to overcome the difficulty of simultaneously reducing the exhaust emissions and improving of gasoline engine performance. This manuscript experimentally investigates the engine performance and on the main pollutant emissions for a single cylinder, four-stroke, spark-ignition engine powered by gasoline fuels of two different acetone-gasoline blends namely AC5 (5 vol. % acetone + 95 vol. % gasoline) and AC10. The experiments were conducted in the speed range from 1000 to 3600 rpm. The SI engine was connected to eddy current dynamometer with electronic control unit (ECU) and an exhaust gas analyzer. It was found that, in general, as the percentage of acetone added to gasoline increases in the blends, the engine performance improved. Numerically, it was found that the AC10 had a higher engine brake power, thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency and BSFC with 4.39%, 6.9%, 7.2% and 5.2 percent respectively than those of pure gasoline. Furthermore, the use of acetone with gasoline fuel reduces exhaust emission concentrations by 26.3%, 30.3%, 6.6% and 4.4% for CO, UHC, NOx and CO2 respectively

scholarly journals Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fed with Butanol–Glycerol Blend

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6473
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Szwaja ◽  
Michal Gruca ◽  
Michal Pyrc ◽  
Romualdas Juknelevičius
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure

Investigation of a new type of fuel for the internal combustion engine, which can be successfully used in both the power generation and the automotive industries, is presented in this article. The proposed fuel is a blend of 75% n-butanol and 25% glycerol. The engine tests conducted with this glycerol–butanol blend were focused on the performance, combustion thermodynamics, and exhaust emissions of a spark-ignition engine. A comparative analysis was performed to find potential similarities and differences in the engine fueled with gasoline 95 and the proposed glycerol–butanol blend. As measured, CO exhaust emissions increased, NOx emissions decreased, and UHC emissions were unchanged for the glycerol–butanol blend when compared to the test with sole gasoline. As regards the engine performance and combustion progress, no significant differences were observed. Exhaust temperature remarkably decreased by 3.4%, which contributed to an increase in the indicated mean effective pressure by approximately 4% compared to gasoline 95. To summarize, the proposed glycerol–butanol blend can be directly used as a replacement for gasoline in internal combustion spark-ignition engines.

scholarly journals Influence of LPG and DME Composition on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5583
Author(s):  
Paweł Fabiś ◽  
Bartosz Flekiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes

This article presents a detailed analysis of the potential of dimethyl ether (DME) fuel applications in SI engines. This paper presents the tests results completed on an 1.6-dm3 Opel Astra engine fueled by gaseous fuel as a mixture of LPG and DME. Dimethyl ether is a fuel with properties similar to liquid LPG fuel. In addition, DME is very well miscible with LPG, hence the possibility of creating a mixture with any DME divisions. The assessment of the possibility of using DME as a component of the mixture was carried out with the use of a chassis dynamometer and equipment, enabling an analysis of the changes taking place inside the cylinder. The results of the analyses are the parameters of the thermodynamic processes describing changes in the engine cylinder.

A Learning Algorithm for Optimal Internal Combustion Engine Calibration in Real Time

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas A. Malikopoulos ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros ◽  
Dennis N. Assanis
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Engine Calibration

Advanced internal combustion engine technologies have increased the number of accessible variables of an engine and our ability to control them. The optimal values of these variables are designated during engine calibration by means of a static correlation between the controllable variables and the corresponding steady-state engine operating points. While the engine is running, these correlations are being interpolated to provide values of the controllable variables for each operating point. These values are controlled by the electronic control unit to achieve desirable engine performance, for example in fuel economy, pollutant emissions, and engine acceleration. The state-of-the-art engine calibration cannot guarantee continuously optimal engine operation for the entire operating domain, especially in transient cases encountered in driving styles of different drivers. This paper presents the theoretical basis and algorithmic implementation for allowing the engine to learn the optimal set values of accessible variables in real time while running a vehicle. Through this new approach, the engine progressively perceives the driver’s driving style and eventually learns to operate in a manner that optimizes specified performance indices. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through simulation of a spark ignition engine, which learns to optimize fuel economy with respect to spark ignition timing, while it is running a vehicle.

scholarly journals A comprehensive numerical study of the ethanol blended fuel effect on the performance and pollutant emissions in spark-ignition engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motlagh Zangooee ◽  
Razavi Modarres
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Thermodynamic State ◽  
Point Injection ◽  
Blended Fuel

In the present work, the performance and pollutant emissions in a spark ignition engine has been numerically investigated. For this purpose, the coupled KIVA code with CHEMKIN is used to predict the thermodynamic state of the cylinder charge during each cycle. Computations were carried out for a four cylinder, four strokes, multi point injection system (XU7 engine). Numerical cases have been performed up to 30% vol. of ethanol. Engine simulations are carried out at 2000, 2500 and 3000 rpm and full load condition. The numerical results showed that pollutant emissions reduce with increase in ethanol content. Based on engine performance, the most suitable fraction of ethanol in the blend was found to be nearly 15% for the XU7 engine.

scholarly journals A Study of Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Methanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends with Iso-Octane

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Evaporation Heat

Alternative fuels are derived from resources other than petroleum. The benefit of these fuels is that they emit less air pollutant compare to gasoline and most of them are more economically beneficial compared to oil and they are renewable. In addition, ethanol has higher evaporation heat, octane number and flammability temperature therefore it has positive influence on engine performance and reduces exhaust emissions. In this study, the effects of unleaded iso-octane, unleaded isooctane–ethanol blend (E5) and iso-octane-methanol (M5) blends on engine performance are investigated experimentally in a single cylinder fourstroke spark-ignition engine at a constant 8 Kg load. The engine speed was changed from 1100 to 1800 rpm. The results of the engine test showed that ethanol addition to unleaded iso-octane increases the value of IP, FP and IMEP with E5 fuel. The results also showed that the indicated power, brake power, friction power, indicated mean effective pressure, torque, exhaust temperature, and thermal efficiency increases with the increase in engine speed at a constant load of 8 Kg for E5, M5 and isooctane fuels. Thermal efficiency was maximum for E5 fuel (38.13%) at a speed of 1750 rpm.

scholarly journals Experimental Assessment of the Performance and Emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine Using Waste-Derived Biofuels as Additives

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5209
Author(s):  
Joaquim Costa ◽  
Jorge Martins ◽  
Tiago Arantes ◽  
Margarida Gonçalves ◽  
Luis Durão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

The use of biofuels for spark ignition engines is proposed to diversify fuel sources and reduce fossil fuel consumption, optimize engine performance, and reduce pollutant emissions. Additionally, when these biofuels are produced from low-grade wastes, they constitute valorisation pathways for these otherwise unprofitable wastes. In this study, ethanol and pyrolysis biogasoline made from low-grade wastes were evaluated as additives for commercial gasoline (RON95, RON98) in tests performed in a spark ignition engine. Binary fuel mixtures of ethanol + gasoline or biogasoline + gasoline with biofuel incorporation of 2% (w/w) to 10% (w/w) were evaluated and compared with ternary fuel mixtures of ethanol + biogasoline + gasoline with biofuel incorporation rates from 1% (w/w) to 5% (w/w). The fuel mix performance was assessed by determination of torque and power, fuel consumption and efficiency, and emissions (HC, CO, and NOx). An electronic control unit (ECU) was used to regulate the air–fuel ratio/lambda and the ignition advance for maximum brake torque (MBT), wide-open throttle (WOT)), and two torque loads for different engine speeds representative of typical driving. The additive incorporation up to 10% often improved efficiency and lowered emissions such as CO and HC relative to both straight gasolines, but NOx increased with the addition of a blend.

Sensitivity Analysis of Fuel Physical Property Effects on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Van Dam ◽  
R. Krishna Kalvakala ◽  
Frederik Boink ◽  
Zongyu Yue ◽  
Sibendu Som
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Alternative fuels are of interest to automakers and regulators due to their potential to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from transportation sources. Alternative fuels also have fuel properties which may enable advanced combustion modes with higher engine thermal efficiencies. There has been previous work to identify the relationship between various fuel properties and engine performance, but most of this work has been experiments or simulations where the change in properties was obtained through changing the fuel composition, making isolating the effects of individual fuel properties difficult. In this study, numerical simulations have been used to investigate the effects of individual fuel physical properties such as viscosity or heat of vaporization (HoV) on engine performance. Simulations have been performed of two different engine platforms, the first an optical, single-cylinder research engine and the second a multi-cylinder production engine. Both engines are direct-injection spark-ignition engines with pent-roof heads and are designed for automotive applications. Each engine was run at a different operating condition, one stable and one knock-limited. Different base fuels provided a variety of simulated conditions. Up to six different fuel properties were varied as part of Global Sensitivity Analyses performed for each of the engines with multiple performance targets including thermal efficiency, combustion efficiency and combustion phasing. Results show trends that are largely consistent with previous experimental findings using multiple fuels. The engine thermal efficiency was primarily sensitive to the fuel’s HoV, with other fuel physical properties having smaller effects. For optical engine results, the magnitude of the effect was greater in this study than expected based on previous experimental results were many fuel physical and chemical properties were varied simultaneously. However, for the multi-cylinder production engine, the relationship between thermal efficiency and HoV was slightly smaller.

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