scholarly journals Automated analysis of Stateflow models

10.29007/b8gq ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Bourbouh ◽  
Pierre-Loic Garoche ◽  
Christophe Garion ◽  
Arie Gurfinkel ◽  
Temesghen Kahsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Code Generation ◽  
Denotational Semantics ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Cyberphysical Systems ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Safety Verification ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Compilation Process ◽  
Modal Behavior ◽  
Hierarchical State Machines

Stateflow is a widely used modeling framework for embedded and cyberphysical systems where control software interacts with physical processes. In this work, we present a framework and a fully automated safety verification technique for Stateflow models. Our approach is two-folded: (i) we faithfully compile Stateflow models into hierarchical state machines, and (ii) we use automated logic-based verification engine to decide the validity of safety properties. The starting point of our approach is a denotational semantics of Stateflow. We propose a compilation process using continuation-passing style (CPS) denotational semantics. Our compilation technique preserves the structural and modal behavior of the system. The overall approach is implemented as an open source toolbox that can be integrated into the existing Mathworks Simulink/Stateflow modeling framework. We present preliminary experimental evaluations that illustrate the effectiveness of our approach in code generation and safety verification of industrial scale Stateflow models.

scholarly journals Inter-trial effects in priming of pop-out: Comparison of computational updating models

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009332
Author(s):  
Fredrik Allenmark ◽  
Ahu Gokce ◽  
Thomas Geyer ◽  
Artyom Zinchenko ◽  
Hermann J. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Preceding Trial ◽  
Target Color ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Target Feature ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Trial Effect ◽  
Starting Point

In visual search tasks, repeating features or the position of the target results in faster response times. Such inter-trial ‘priming’ effects occur not just for repetitions from the immediately preceding trial but also from trials further back. A paradigm known to produce particularly long-lasting inter-trial effects–of the target-defining feature, target position, and response (feature)–is the ‘priming of pop-out’ (PoP) paradigm, which typically uses sparse search displays and random swapping across trials of target- and distractor-defining features. However, the mechanisms underlying these inter-trial effects are still not well understood. To address this, we applied a modeling framework combining an evidence accumulation (EA) model with different computational updating rules of the model parameters (i.e., the drift rate and starting point of EA) for different aspects of stimulus history, to data from a (previously published) PoP study that had revealed significant inter-trial effects from several trials back for repetitions of the target color, the target position, and (response-critical) target feature. By performing a systematic model comparison, we aimed to determine which EA model parameter and which updating rule for that parameter best accounts for each inter-trial effect and the associated n-back temporal profile. We found that, in general, our modeling framework could accurately predict the n-back temporal profiles. Further, target color- and position-based inter-trial effects were best understood as arising from redistribution of a limited-capacity weight resource which determines the EA rate. In contrast, response-based inter-trial effects were best explained by a bias of the starting point towards the response associated with a previous target; this bias appeared largely tied to the position of the target. These findings elucidate how our cognitive system continually tracks, and updates an internal predictive model of, a number of separable stimulus and response parameters in order to optimize task performance.

scholarly journals A meta-modeling framework in public health emergency management

SIMULATION ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-419
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Code Generation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Artificial Society ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Meta Modeling ◽  
Emergency Scenarios

Epidemic transmission is a common type of public health emergency that is difficult to forecast and often causes substantial harm. Artificial societal models provide a novel approach to the study of public health problems. However, public health emergency management (PHEM) always involves multi-disciplinary and multi-hierarchical models that complicate the work of modeling. Models are also made more complex by the consideration of new requirements and interactions. Therefore, we propose a domain-specific methodology to guide the modeling process in PHEM. By analyzing domain characteristics and modeling requirements, a meta-modeling framework can be constructed, containing the basic elements with which to construct an artificial society to study epidemic transmission. In this paper, the designs of meta-models are discussed in detail, and domain models are implemented by code generation, which enables the support of large-scale, agent-based computational experiments on the KD-ACP platform. Case studies of Ebola are outlined, emergency scenarios are reconstructed based on pre-designed meta-models, and “scenario-response” experiments are presented. This study provides a valuable framework and methodology with which to study complex social problems in PHEM. The proposed method has been verified effectively and efficiently.

A Model Driven Approach based on Interaction Flow Modeling Language to Generate Rich Internet Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 3073
Author(s):  
Sarra Roubi ◽  
Mohammed Erramdani ◽  
Samir Mbarki
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Code Generation ◽  
Model Transformations ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Rich Internet Application ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Rich Internet Applications ◽  
Desktop Interfaces ◽  
Model Driven Approach

<p><span lang="EN-US">A Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) combine the simplicity of the hypertext paradigm with the flexibility of desktop interfaces. These appliations were proposed as a solution to follow the rapid growth and evolution of the Graphical User Interfaces. However, RIAs are complex applications and their development requires designing and implementation which are time-consuming and the available tools are specialized in manual design. In this paper, we present a model driven approach to generat GUI for Rich Internet Application. The approach exploits the new language IFML recently adopted by the Object Management Group. We used frameworks and technologies known to Model-Driven Engineering, such as Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) for Meta-modeling, Query View Transformation (QVT) for model transformations and Acceleo for code generation. The approach allows to quickly and efficiently generating a RIA focusing on the graphical aspect of the application.</span></p>

Linear Two-Port Model of an Active Thermoplastic Composite Structure

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Winkler ◽  
Uwe Marschner ◽  
Eric Starke ◽  
Niels Modler ◽  
Wolf-Joachim Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structure ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Modal Behavior ◽  
Active Composite

This paper describes new active composite structures based on thermoplastic matrices which contain material homogeneous embedded piezoceramic modules. Starting point is the development of novel thermoplastic compatible piezoceramic modules, so called TPMs. By the utilization of the same matrix material for the composite structure and for the TPM carrier films, these modules afford an opportunity to become directly embedded into the component during its manufacturing process. In this context, the manufacturing technology of the TPMs and of the active composite structure is presented. Furthermore, selected test samples are investigated concerning their modal behavior. Based on the determined characteristics a linear two-port model is used for the reproduction of the experimental results.

Formal syntax and semantics of basic function blocks in IEC 61499

2011 ◽  
Vol 226 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Tu ◽  
D Li ◽  
S Li
Keyword(s):  
Code Generation ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Denotational Semantics ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Formal Syntax ◽  
Execution Semantics ◽  
Iec 61499

The use IEC 61499 (International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC) as a modelling language for distributed industrial process measurement control systems lacks formal syntax and explicit semantics and can hardly ensure reliability and validity of systems. As the basic modelling elements in IEC 61499, syntax and semantics of basic function block (BFB) are specified informally and ambiguously. Hence, the formal syntax and explicit semantics of BFB are advanced to achieve the behavioural consistency and correct results, in this article. The formal syntax is defined by mathematical set theory and the explicit semantics are composed of two kinds of semantics: denotational and execution semantics. The denotational semantics explain the meaning of language with an extended Mealy finite-state machines for the formal verification in a formal way. The execution semantics provide execution rule and algorithm scheduling in the execution process and involve an input machine and the main part, in which input machine masters the matching relation of event and data input variables and the main part offers execution orders and algorithm computation. Besides, the execution semantics of BFB are exemplified with two events and algorithms as the execution order t1–t20, and a flowchart of BFB behaviours is given as an overview of the processing steps for implementation or code generation.

scholarly journals A denotational semantics for equilibrium logic

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 620-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELICIDAD AGUADO ◽  
PEDRO CABALAR ◽  
DAVID PEARCE ◽  
GILBERTO PÉREZ ◽  
CONCEPCIÓN VIDAL
Keyword(s):  
Denotational Semantics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Compact Set ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Alternative Semantics ◽  
Equilibrium Models ◽  
Minimal Elements ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Formal Definitions ◽  
Entailment Relations

AbstractIn this paper we provide an alternative semantics for Equilibrium Logic and its monotonic basis, the logic of Here-and-There (also known as Gödel'sG3logic) that relies on the idea ofdenotationof a formula, that is, a function that collects the set of models of that formula. Using the three-valued logicG3as a starting point and an ordering relation (for which equilibrium/stable models are minimal elements) we provide several elementary operations for sets of interpretations. By analysing structural properties of the denotation of formulas, we show some expressiveness results forG3such as, for instance, that conjunction is not expressible in terms of the other connectives. Moreover, the denotational semantics allows us to capture the set of equilibrium models of a formula with a simple and compact set expression. We also use this semantics to provide several formal definitions for entailment relations that are usual in the literature, and further introduce a new one calledstrong entailment. We say that α strongly entails β when the equilibrium models of α ∧ γ are also equilibrium models of β ∧ γ for any context γ. We also provide a characterisation of strong entailment in terms of the denotational semantics, and give an example of a sufficient condition that can be applied in some cases.

Not by equations alone

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLEG KISELYOV ◽  
SHIN-CHENG MU ◽  
AMR SABRY
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
Denotational Semantics ◽  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Writing Programs ◽  
Program Model ◽  
Global State ◽  
Equational Reasoning ◽  
Technical Result ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Individual Effects

Abstract The challenge of reasoning about programs with (multiple) effects such as mutation, jumps, or IO dates back to the inception of program semantics in the works of Strachey and Landin. Using monads to represent individual effects and the associated equational laws to reason about them proved exceptionally effective. Even then it is not always clear what laws are to be associated with a monad—for a good reason, as we show for non-determinism. Combining expressions using different effects brings challenges not just for monads, which do not compose, but also for equational reasoning: the interaction of effects may invalidate their individual laws, as well as induce emerging properties that are not apparent in the semantics of individual effects. Overall, the problems are judging the adequacy of a law; determining if or when a law continues to hold upon addition of new effects; and obtaining and easily verifying emergent laws. We present a solution relying on the framework of (algebraic, extensible) effects, which already proved itself for writing programs with multiple effects. Equipped with a fairly conventional denotational semantics, this framework turns useful, as we demonstrate, also for reasoning about and optimizing programs with multiple interacting effects. Unlike the conventional approach, equational laws are not imposed on programs/effect handlers, but induced from them: our starting point hence is a program (model), whose denotational semantics, besides being used directly, suggests and justifies equational laws and clarifies side conditions. The main technical result is the introduction of the notion of equivalence modulo handlers (“modulo observation”) or a particular combination of handlers—and proving it to be a congruence. It is hence usable for reasoning in any context, not just evaluation contexts—provided particular conditions are met. Concretely, we describe several realistic handlers for non-determinism and elucidate their laws (some of which hold in the presence of any other effect). We demonstrate appropriate equational laws of non-determinism in the presence of global state, which have been a challenge to state and prove before.

scholarly journals Flood Hazard Assessment in Data-Scarce Watersheds Using Model Coupling, Event Sampling, and Survey Data

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2768
Author(s):  
Jorge Hurtado-Pidal ◽  
Juan S. Acero Triana ◽  
Edgar Espitia-Sarmiento ◽  
Fernando Jarrín-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
System Response ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Coupled Modeling ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Flood Hazard Assessment

The application of hydrologic and hydrodynamic models in flash flood hazard assessment is mainly limited by the availability of robust monitoring systems and long-term hydro-meteorological observations. Nevertheless, several studies have demonstrated that coupled modeling approaches based on event sampling (short-term observations) may cope with the lack of observed input data. This study evaluated the use of storm events and flood-survey reports to develop and validate a modeling framework for flash flood hazard assessment in data-scarce watersheds. Specifically, we coupled the hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) and the Nays2Dflood hydrodynamic solver to simulate the system response to several storm events including one, equivalent in magnitude to a 500-year event, that flooded the City of Tena (Ecuador) on 2 September, 2017. Results from the coupled approach showed satisfactory model performance in simulating streamflow and water depths (0.40 ≤ Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient ≤ 0.95; −3.67% ≤ Percent Bias ≤ 23.4%) in six of the eight evaluated events, and a good agreement between simulated and surveyed flooded areas (Fit Index = 0.8) after the 500-year storm. The proposed methodology can be used by modelers and decision-makers for flood impact assessment in data-scarce watersheds and as a starting point for the establishment of flood forecasting systems to lessen the impacts of flood events at the local scale.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis of Wireless Cyberphysical Systems Using Stochastic Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yixu Yao
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Cyberphysical Systems ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Different Levels

Wireless mesh network control systems (WMNCSs) are typical Cyberphysical Systems (CPSs) widely used in industries that need to meet stringent performance requirements. These WMNCSs are characteristic of stochasticity at different levels as system behavior, network performance, and wireless signal propagation, which grievously increases the difficulties of system modeling and analysis. In this paper, we propose a three-layered modeling framework to capture the stochastic properties of WMNCSs at different levels with stochastic hybrid system (SHS), stochastic network calculus (SNC), and physical layer models. We also bridge the gaps between these methods with an upper bound approach. All the efforts give us a methodology of modeling and analysis WMNCSs with stochastic methods, so we can know how the factors as channel conditions, network topology, etc. affect the stability and performance of the system. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first work that provides such a unified and flexible framework to model and analyze WMNCSs with stochastic methods.

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