scholarly journals Performance Analysis, Savings and Modifications in Compressed Air System of Manufacturing Industry.

10.29007/b69t ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Prajapati ◽  
Jatinkumar Patel ◽  
Shweta Prajapati ◽  
Manish N. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Variable Frequency Drive ◽  
Air System ◽  
Air Compressors

In the present scenario importance of an energy conservation increased day by day. There are various utilities in industries in practice like Chillers, Cooling Towers, Blowers, Fans, Motors, Furnaces, Pumps and Air Compressors in manufacturing industries plays vial role in energy consumption. Energy savings is possible increasing either the efficiency or replacement by efficient utility. It has been found that among all the utilities, Air Compressors are the least efficient utilities. It has been observed that compressed air system installed in early stage and due to ageing effect as well as lack of maintenance an efficiency of compressor is dropped down. In proposed work, Performance analysis of four air compressors has been carried out using “pump up test” (PUT) and losses by “leakage test” at different locations has been calculated large scale gear manufacturing industry. Considerable solution in terms of savings has been provided by providing priority base run of air compressors. Additional solution with variable frequency drive has also been also proposed. It has been proved that alternation of both mentioned test able to provide 5-15% additional amount of energy savings.

scholarly journals Compressed Air Supply and Distribution System for Aviation Laboratories and Wind Tunnels

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kędzierski
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Air System ◽  
High Flows ◽  
Air Compressors

Abstract The purpose of this text is to demonstrate an operation of a compressed air system designed for high air flow laboratories and wind tunnels. Development of such air system is a challenge due to unusual requirements (simultaneous supply of several users having different requirements and necessity to provide extremely high flows) which have to be address by means of adequate compressed air storage capacity and sophisticated control system. Each stage of the design process is going to be described, focusing on the selection of air compressors, air receivers and air dryers, followed by an insight into a development of the control system. The air system being described in this paper was successfully implemented at the Institute of Aviation in Warsaw improving the quality of the compressed air supply and simplifying the research planning.

A simple demand-side management solution for a typical compressed-air system at a South African gold mine

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Liebenberg ◽  
Douglas Velleman ◽  
Walter Booysen
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Demand Side Management ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Air System ◽  
South African Gold ◽  
Evening Peak

Once designed, mine compressed-air systems tend to operate at peak levels throughout the life of the mine, despite there being significant periods when this air quantity is not required. This is mainly due to lack of appropriate compressor controls. Consequently, such compressed-air systems are inefficient and wasteful. A compressed-air system at a South African gold mine was retrofitted with an automatic compressor control system featuring compressor cascading and pressure bandwidth control. The goal was to implement a simple demand-side management (DSM) strategy to afford meaningful electrical energy savings. The automatic control strategy realised a saving of 1.25 MW (on a baseline of 7.22 MW) during Eskom’s evening peak demand window. This represents a reduction of 17.3% in electrical power consumption during the evening peak period, and savings of nearly R2.9 million per year.

scholarly journals Storing Energy Underwater

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Cheung ◽  
Rupp Carriveau ◽  
David S.-K. Ting
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Lifetime Costs ◽  
Bulk Energy ◽  
Air Compressors ◽  
Geological Formations

This article discusses the advantage of compressed air energy storage (CAES) system. CAES has been proposed as an alternative to pumped hydro storage for large-scale, bulk energy management. CAES systems typically rely on electrically driven air compressors that pump pressurized air into large underground geological formations such as aquifers and caverns for storage. When the power is needed, turboexpanders connected to generators convert the compressed air back into electrical energy. Like pumped hydro, CAES can be scaled to sizes compatible for supplementing large renewable energy facilities. The lifetime costs for a CAES system can make it work as a means for storing cheap off peak electricity and selling it during peak hours, but capital costs and difficulties finding suitable geological structures have limited the technology’s applications. To make CAES more useful for storing wind-powered electricity, the systems have to become less expensive and have greater flexibility in sitting.

Konkurrenz zwischen Stieleiche und Buche auf Lothar-Sturmflächen | Competition between pedunculate oak and European beech on Lothar windthrow areas

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Otto ◽  
Sven Wagner ◽  
Peter Brang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Competition Index

The competitive pressure of naturally regenerated European beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings on planted pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) was investigated on two 1.8 ha permanent plots near Habsburg and Murten (Switzerland). The plots were established with the aim to test methods of artificial oak regeneration after large-scale windthrow. On both plots, 80 oaks exposed to varying levels of competitive pressure from at most 10 neighbouring beech trees were selected. The height of each oak as well as stem and branch diameters were measured. The competitive pressure was assessed using Schütz's competition index, which is based on relative tree height, crown overlap and distance from competing neighbours. Oak trees growing without or with only slight competition from beech were equally tall, while oaks exposed to moderate to strong competition were smaller. A threshold value for the competition index was found above which oak height decreased strongly. The stem and branch diameters of the oaks started to decrease even if the competition from beech was slight, and decreased much further with more competition. The oak stems started to become more slender even with only slight competition from beech. On the moderately acid beech sites studied here, beech grow taller faster than oak. Thus where beech is competing with oak and the aim is to maintain the oak, competitive pressure on the oak must be reduced at an early stage. The degree of the intervention should, however, take the individual competitive interaction into account, with more intervention if the competition is strong.

Performance Analysis of (X,S)-Bottleneck Cell in Large-Scale Wireless Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Guo-Feng YAN ◽  
Jian-Xin WANG ◽  
Shu-Hong CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Large Scale

scholarly journals Performance Analysis and Design Considerations of the Shallow Underwater Optical Wireless Communication System with Solar Noises Utilizing a Photon Tracing-Based Simulation Platform

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Xiaozheng Wang ◽  
Minglun Zhang ◽  
Hongyu Zhou ◽  
Xiaomin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Simulation Platform ◽  
Optical Wireless Communication ◽  
Optical Wireless ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
The Impact

The performance of the underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system is highly affected by seawater´s inherent optical properties and the solar radiation from sunlight, especially for a shallow environment. The multipath effect and degradations in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to absorption, scattering, and ambient noises can significantly limit the viable communication range, which poses key challenges to its large-scale commercial applications. To this end, this paper proposes a unified model for underwater channel characterization and system performance analysis in the presence of solar noises utilizing a photon tracing algorithm. Besides, we developed a generic simulation platform with configurable parameters and self-defined scenarios via MATLAB. Based on this platform, a comprehensive investigation of underwater channel impairments was conducted including temporal and spatial dispersion, illumination distribution pattern, and statistical attenuation with various oceanic types. The impact of ambient noise at different operation depths on the bit error rate (BER) performance of the shallow UOWC system was evaluated under typical specifications. Simulation results revealed that the multipath dispersion is tied closely to the multiple scattering phenomenon. The delay spread and ambient noise effect can be mitigated by considering a narrow field of view (FOV) and it also enables the system to exhibit optimal performance on combining with a wide aperture.

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