scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Local Scour at the Junction of Open Channels in Flow3D Numerical Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Shamohamadi ◽  
Ali Mehboudi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Local Scour ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Level Profile

At the junction of channels, the two corresponding flows of the main and submain channels are diverted from their main alignment and the form and the flow properties change at the junction. Changes in water level profile and depth of flow, velocity distribution, stagnation zone, constriction of public channel, energy loss and also formation of hydraulic jump are among the most important hydraulic variables in this location. For accurate recognition of hydraulic properties of flow and local scour at the junction of channels, physical models are made and constructed. Setting up a physical model requires many conditions and high costs which sometimes are not justifiable, hence appropriate numerical models could be proposed for such options. In this research using Flow3D numerical model, the numerical modelling of the flow has been performed in 3D form utilizing the available laboratory information which is calibrated and validated and accuracy of the numerical modelling, and the corresponding relative error are determined. The calibration and validation of the numerical model results demonstrate that the maximum relative error of the numerical model when simulating for maximum values of scour depth at the flow junction is equal to 8.2%. Also using the numerical model it was found that with passage of time in numerical model, from .....

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Flow Field in Morning Glory Spillways and Determining Rating Curve at Different Flow Rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 448-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Enjilzadeh ◽  
Ebrahim Nohani
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Rating Curve ◽  
Inlet Conditions

Morning glory spillways with drop inlets are normally employed in dams built on narrow valleys or placed on steep slopes. In Iran, morning glory spillways have been commonly used in large Dam projects such as Sefidrood dam, Alborz dam, and Haraz dam. Physical models should be built to accurately determine hydraulic parameters of the flow and flow field in spillways. Establishment of a physical model involves extravagant costs and conditions that cannot be justified in some cases. Therefore, suitable numerical models can be proposed for such circumstances. Using FLOW3D numerical models, 3-dimensional numerical modelling of the flow was calibrated and validated by experimental information associated with morning glory spillway of Alborz dam and accuracy of numerical modelling was determined by relative error of numerical model. So it was attempted to determine flow pattern and control conditions of morning glory spillways in different modes using boundary conditions, inlet conditions and grid spacing of flow field and project rating curve of morning glory spillways. According to the results of numerical model, relative error of numerical modelling equals 6.4% for calculating discharge rate of the spillways. Numerical modelling error is 7.6% for determining depth parameter of the flow in spillway crest in comparison with experimental results.

scholarly journals THE USE OF ARRAY PROCESSORS FOR NUMERICAL MODELLING OF TIDAL ESTUARY DYNAMICS

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
D. Prandle ◽  
E.R. Funke ◽  
N.L. Crookshank ◽  
R. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Computer Time ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Hybrid Modelling ◽  
Tidal Propagation ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
Array Processors

The use of array processors for the numerical modelling of estuarine systems is discussed here in the context of "hybrid modelling", however, it is shown that array processors may be used to advantage in independent numerical simulations. Hybrid modelling of tidal estuaries was first introduced by fiolz (1977) and later by Funke and Crookshank (1978). In a hybrid model, tidal propagation in an estuary is simulated by dynamically linking an hydraulic (or physical) scale model of part of the estuary to a numerical model of the remaining part in a manner such that a free interchange of flow occurs at the interface(s). Typically, the elevation of the water surface at the boundary of the scale model is measured and transmitted to the numerical model. In return, the flow computed at the boundary of the numerical model is fed directly into the scale model. This approach enables the extent of the scale model to be limited to the area of immediate interest (or to that area where flow conditions are such that they can be most accurately simulated by a scale model). In addition, since the region simulated by the numerical model can be extended almost indefinitely, the problems of spurious reflections from downstream boundaries can be eliminated. In normal use, numerical models are evaluated on the basis of computing requirements, cost and accuracy. The computer time required to simulate one tide cycle is, in itself, seldom of interest except in so far as it affects the above criteria. However in hybrid modelling this parameter is often paramount since concurrent operation of the numerical and scale models requires that the former must keep pace with the latter. The earlier hybrid model of the St. Lawrence (Funke and Crookshank, 1978) involved a one-dimensional numerical model of the upstream regions of the river. However, future applications are likely to involve extensive two-dimensional numerical simulation.

A Hybrid (Numerical-physical) Model of the Left Ventricle

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ferrari ◽  
M. Kozarski ◽  
C. De Lazzari ◽  
F. Clemente ◽  
M. Merolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Gear Pump ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Output Flow

Hydraulic models of the circulation are used to test mechanical devices and for training and research purposes; when compared to numerical models, however, they are not flexible enough and rather expensive. The solution proposed here is to merge the characteristics and the flexibility of numerical models with the functions of physical models. The result is a hybrid model with numerical and physical sections connected by an electro-hydraulic interface - which is to some extent the main problem since the numerical model can be easily changed or modified. The concept of hybrid model is applied to the representation of ventricular function by a variable elastance numerical model. This prototype is an open loop circuit and the physical section is built out of a reservoir (atrium) and a modified windkessel (arterial tree). The corresponding equations are solved numerically using the variables (atrial and arterial pressures) coming from the physical circuit. Ventricular output flow is the computed variable and is sent to a servo amplifier connected to a DC motor-gear pump system. The gear pump, behaving roughly as a flow source, is the interface to the physical circuit. Results obtained under different hemodynamic conditions demonstrate the behaviour of the ventricular model on the pressure-volume plane and the time course of output flow and arterial pressure.

scholarly journals Impact of Temperature on the Moisture Buffering Performance of Palm and Sunflower Concretes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5420
Author(s):  
Fathia Dahir Igue ◽  
Anh Dung Tran Le ◽  
Alexandra Bourdot ◽  
Geoffrey Promis ◽  
Sy Tuan Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Simulation Problem ◽  
Interesting Solution ◽  
Moisture Buffering

The use of bio-based materials (BBM) in buildings is an interesting solution as they are eco-friendly materials and have low embodied energy. This article aims to investigate the hygric performance of two bio-based materials: palm and sunflower concretes. The moisture buffering value (MBV) characterizes the ability of a material or multilayer component to moderate the variation in the indoor relative humidity (RH). In the literature, the moisture buffer values of bio-based concretes were measured at a constant temperature of 23 °C. However, in reality, the indoor temperature of the buildings is variable. The originality of this article is found in studying the influence of the temperature on the moisture buffer performance of BBM. A study at wall scale on its impact on the indoor RH at room level will be carried out. First, the physical models are presented. Second, the numerical models are implemented in the Simulation Problem Analysis and Research Kernel (SPARK) suited to complex problems. Then, the numerical model validated with the experimental results found in the literature is used to investigate the moisture buffering capacity of BBM as a function of the temperature and its application in buildings. The results show that the temperature has a significant impact on the moisture buffering capacity of bio-based building materials and its capacity to dampen indoor RH variation. Using the numerical model presented in this paper can predict and optimize the hygric performance of BBM designed for building application.

scholarly journals Monopile foundation under lateral cyclic action. Numerical modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 08008
Author(s):  
Andrei Valentin Drăguşin ◽  
Loretta Batali
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Pile Diameter ◽  
Starting Point

Foundation of an off-shore wind mill is submitted throughout its existence to a very high number of cycles coming from lateral actions such as waves or wind. These actions have a strong aleatory character which makes them very hard to predict, quantify and analyse. Therefore, in current design practice, these actions are being considered as pseudo-static force at their maximum values, with the cyclic phenomenon being neglected. This can lead to an inappropriate design of the foundation, which could have a negative impact on the future structure. This type of structure is generally built on a monopile foundation, a single, large diameter pile, which will be submitted to thousands lateral cycles. The pile diameter plays an important role, influencing the behaviour of the entire structure. Centrifuge experiments on small-scale models are very useful to study such complex problem as piles under lateral cyclic loads. Several researches have been carried out internationally and the results can be used for calibrating numerical models, which is obviously a more accessible method of design, compared to an experimental approach. This has been precisely the starting point of this paper. The purpose of the present paper is to analyse the influence of the pile diameter, by using a FEM a numerical model, previously calibrated based on centrifuge experiments carried out at IFSTTAR Nantes. For the numerical modelling the software CESAR-LCPC 3D has been used. Several pile diameters have been considered, as follows: 0.72 m, 1.08 m, 1.44 m, 1.80 m, 2.16 m and 2.52 m. The results are taking into account the lateral displacement and bending moment of the piles, for static and cyclic loading. The main objective was to determine the stabilisation rate of the most important two design elements (pile head displacement and maximum bending moment) after “n” cycles and to eventually conclude the diameter value beyond which no more influence of cycles is recorded. The numerical model considered 15 cycles and the results have been used extrapolated in order to determine the cycle “n” of stabilisation (for displacement and bending moment).

scholarly journals Analysis of estuarine flood levels based on numerical modelling. The Douro river estuary case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Stênio De Sousa Venâncio ◽  
José Luís Pinho ◽  
José Manuel Vieira ◽  
Paulo Avilez-Valente ◽  
Isabel Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Douro River

Estuarine hydrodynamics present intermittent and complex circulation patterns. In this context, from the point of view of the coastal management associated with flood risks in riverine areas, numerical models allow predicting scenarios under specific hypotheses. This work simulates flood events occurring in the Douro river estuary recurring to numerical modelling tools. This estuary, located in the northern region of Portugal, periodically suffered severe flooding, with the associated losses and damages for the local protected landscape areas and hydraulic structures. The occurrence of these events justify the importance of a complete characterization of the areas that present risk of inundation and how they can be affected. A 2D-horizontal numerical model implemented with the Delft3D software was developed for this estuarine region including also the adjacent coastal zone. Available in-situ data were used for model calibration and validation processes. The obtained results are consistent with the in-situ measured water levels, allowing to understand the dynamics of the estuary during flood events. The robustness of the implemented numerical model allows to anticipate flood scenarios effects and associated water levels. The simulations results can then be used for sustainable management of this estuarine zone that presents high social, economic and environmental values.

scholarly journals COMBINED PHYSICAL AND NUMERICAL MODELLING TO INFORM OPTIMAL MARINA DESIGN

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Albanese ◽  
Keith Powell ◽  
Giovanni Cuomo
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Wide Channel ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Sea Coast

A new Marina, capable of hosting up to 1,000 boats, is being constructed along the southern Tyrrhenian Sea coast of Italy. The Marina is separated from the shore by a 80 m wide channel and access to the harbour will be via a bridge designed by Santiago Calatrava. Design improvements and refinements were identified through physical and numerical model studies. This paper shows the important role of numerical and physical models in the design process of a marina. For this project the physical model study has confirmed the effectiveness of the optimised design

Solving a harbor accretion problem: the case of Miller and, Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 924-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvon Ouellet ◽  
François Anctil ◽  
Louis Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Diffraction Reflection ◽  
East Side ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
Reflection Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
La Madeleine

This paper summarizes a group of studies regarding Millerand harbor, located on the Îles-de-la-Madeleine coast, which blocks most of the local littoral drift. The understanding and quantification of this sedimentological problem was first carried out using numerical models. Various schemes were then tested in two mobile-bed physical models. Finally, the impact of these solutions on the wave climate in the harbor and in the entrance channel was compared using a diffraction–reflection numerical model. The results show that accretion in Millerand harbor will only be controlled by the construction of a breakwater. This breakwater must close the east side of the harbor and must reach at least 2 m depth at its toe. It is also strongly recommended that two groins be built on the east-side beach to control the erosion of the cliff. The results of the diffraction–reflection model finally give some latitude to the harbor planners, as several schemes present satisfactory wave agitation maps. Key words: erosion, accretion, breakwater, diffraction–reflection, harbor, littoral drift, numerical model, physical model, wave hindcasting.

scholarly journals Mathematical modelling of solute transport in a heterogeneous aquifer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
James Phillip Dommisse
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Tracer Test ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Predictive Uncertainty

<p>This study provides a contribution to the understanding of parsimony and predictive uncertainty in the context of groundwater solute transport modelling. The study is unique because the modelling was undertaken using tracer test data from a heterogeneous artificial aquifer whose structure was known to a very high level of detail. The aquifer structure was based on a ‘real life’ Canterbury Plains alluvial aquifer (in New Zealand).  Parsimonious principles were applied by starting with a simple analytical model that assumed homogeneity then progressively adding heterogeneity using numerical models with varying degrees of parameterisation complexity. The results show that increased complexity did not necessarily make the model better at replicating the tracer test data. For example, the outputs from a numerical model that represented heterogeneity using a zone based approach based on the recorded distribution of all 2,907 blocks that comprised the artificial aquifer was little different to a simple numerical model that adopted a homogenous distribution and included a single value of dispersion. Parameterisation of numerical models using ‘pilot points’ provided the most complex representation of heterogeneity and resulted in the best replication of the tracer test data. However, increasing model complexity had its disadvantages such as decreasing parameterisation uniqueness.  The contribution to predictive uncertainty from model parameters and observations was assessed using a linear approach based on Bayes theorem. This approach has been applied to other groundwater modelling studies, but not to solute transport modelling within Canterbury Plains alluvial aquifers or to an artificial aquifer. A unique finding was the reduction in predictive uncertainty along the groundwater flow path. This finding correlated well with the numerical model outputs which showed closer fits to the observation data near the end of the aquifer compared to those near the top of the aquifer where the tracer was injected.  Physical solute transport processes were identified and described as part of the modelling. These included the increase in dispersivity with travel distance and the spatial distribution of the aquifer hydraulic properties. Analytical modelling was a useful tool in identifying physical processes, aquifer characteristics and the variation in aquifer hydraulic properties both spatially and with depth.  An important finding was the value of undertaking multiple modelling approaches. This is because each approach has its own advantages and disadvantageous and by comparing the results of different approaches, the true facts about the aquifer system are made clearer.</p>

scholarly journals Transient Evolution of Inland Freshwater Lenses: Comparison of Numerical and Physical Experiments

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Rachel Rotz ◽  
Adam Milewski ◽  
Todd C Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Freshwater Lenses

Brackish to saline groundwater in arid environments encourages the development and sustainability of inland freshwater lenses (IFLs). While these freshwater resources supply much-needed drinking water throughout the Arabian Peninsula and other drylands, little is understood about their sustainability. This study presents a numerical model using the SEAWAT programming code (i.e., MODFLOW and the Modular Three-Dimensional Multispecies Transport Model (MT3DMS)) to simulate IFL transient evolution. The numerical model is based on a physical laboratory model and calibrated using results from simulations conducted in a previous study of the Raudhatain IFL in northern Kuwait. Data from three previously conducted physical model simulations were evaluated against the corresponding numerical model simulations. The hydraulic conductivities in the horizontal and vertical directions were successfully optimized to minimize the objective function of the numerical model simulations. The numerical model matched observed IFL water levels at four locations through time, as well as IFL thicknesses and lengths (R2 = 0.89, 0.94, 0.85). Predicted lens degradation times corresponded to the observed lenses, which demonstrated the utility of numerical models and physical models to assess IFL geometry and position. Improved understanding of IFL dynamics provides water-resource exploration and development opportunities in drylands throughout the Arabian Peninsula and elsewhere with similar environmental settings.

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