scholarly journals Concept and Rule Based Naming System

10.28945/3005 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakkrit Snae ◽  
Michael Brückner
Keyword(s):  
Web Search ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Similarity Group ◽  
Different Cultures

Names are important in many societies, even in technologically oriented ones which use e.g. ID systems to identify individual people. There are many elements of personal names which vary in different cultures. Names such as surnames are the most important as they are used in many processes, such as identifying of people and genealogical research. On the other hand variation of names can be a major problem for the identification and search for people, e.g. web search or security reasons. We show name variations for different cultures to guide the implementation of a rule based naming system, currently worked out for Thai names. We characterize the LIG (Levenshtein, Index of Similarity Group (called ISG), and Guth) algorithms which help to find reasonable variants of names and use an ontology of names to capture the meaning of the variants which are based on Thai naming methodologies and rules. A further benefit of this process is an optimized name searching.

scholarly journals A.2. P.Lond.Lit. 207 and the origin of the nomina sacra: a tentative proposal

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don C. Barker
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Other Hand

The origin and development of the nomina sacra (sacred names written in an abbreviated form) found in early Christian texts is much debated in scholarly circles and no agreement has been reached. However the use of the nomina sacra in P.Lond.Lit. 207 may help to resolve some of the questions that surround the puzzle of their origin. P.Lond.Lit. 207 is a portion of papyrus that has broken off from a roll (24.5 X 25.7 cm), covering Psalms 11(12):7 to 14(15):4. The scribe of P.Lond.Lit. 207 has consistently written Kurios in an abbreviated form (nomen sacrum), giving only the first and last letters, and a supralinear bar drawn above the abbreviation. On the other hand, Theos is always written uncontracted. This is quite unusual given that Theos in Christian texts is always written as a nomen sacrum. Could the reason for this practice in P.Lond.Lit. 207 be found in the Semitic custom of contracting personal names to the first and last letter? Is Kurios abbreviated in this Semitic fashion to notify the reader that the word is being used to translate the personal name (the Tetragrammaton) of the Hebrew deity?

scholarly journals CONFLICT OF INTERPRETATIONS OF THE LETTER FROM SKIFFS TO DARIUS THE FIRST

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Olha Haidamachuk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Political Involvement ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Cultures

Sum of the things as a short letter of the Scythians to Persian King Darius the First, which were collection of a bird, a frog, a mouse and arrows, contains no intonations, because the Scythians themselves refrained to explain its contents. Pure articulation is silent. That’s why the addressee has to become co-author the Scythian message to intonate it in his way. Actually Darius was forced to intone, on the one hand, his imperious desires, and, on the other hand, the plausible Scythians intentions. Such self-split causes internal conflict and pushes Darius to an impasse. His desire to read the Scythian message as their own recognition of their surrender contradicts with their obviously disobedient behavior. It works as a trap. Darius himself inclines to surrender, because his intonations work as detonations - the secret psychological weapon of the Scythians in the field of symbols. That’s the case when the interpretation demoralizes its own interpreter. The composition of the letter reflects the Scythians cosmological representations and reveals their outlook. When Herodotus, Clement d'Alexandrie, J.-J.Rousseau and others retell and interpret the letter, both their retelling and interpretation reflect their cultural differences and their different worldviews. Only Darius dealt with pure things, while the rest of interpreters dealt with different languages words denoting those things. But in any case this message requires live intonations. The Scythian letter allows you to subtract from it some jokes or mock the same as a demand of surrender or as an open threat etc. Conflict of interpretations can be caused by both linguistic untranslatability either worldview untranslatability of different cultures and political involvement of interpreters. Therefore, the interpretation of the message through things, the same as through words, also depends on its intonation content.

scholarly journals A Linguistic Evaluation of Rule-Based, Phrase-Based, and Neural MT Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljoscha Burchardt ◽  
Vivien Macketanz ◽  
Jon Dehdari ◽  
Georg Heigold ◽  
Jan-Thorsten Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Large Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Suite ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Online System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

AbstractIn this paper, we report an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of several Machine Translation (MT) engines implementing the three most widely used paradigms. The analysis is based on a manually built test suite that comprises a large range of linguistic phenomena. Two main observations are on the one hand the striking improvement of an commercial online system when turning from a phrase-based to a neural engine and on the other hand that the successful translations of neural MT systems sometimes bear resemblance with the translations of a rule-based MT system.

scholarly journals KUNAERNE KÆMPER - MED MYTE OG METAFOR

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibeke Tuxen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Outer World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

Vibeke Tuxen: The Kunas Struggle - with Myth and Metaphor The author is working with the kuna people on a demarcation project and observes how the kuna use their myths and metaphors in practice to analyse the presence of foreigners, whom experience has taught them not to trust, but on whom they also depend for their territory. The myth of Duiren who taught the Kunas to resist and fight for their culture but who also depended on the help of other people, is put forward by a chief in his chanting, analysing the present situation. Kuna myths form a total of interrelated stories, which on the one hand form the mind of the Kuna chief in his analysis, and on the other hand certain parts, or myths, are being picked out to show the angle that the chief wishes to put forward to his people. Personal names can be changed and molas can be sold. Myths, names, and molas are three ways in which the Kuna relate themselves to the outer world and still maintain their own way of living. Through all three, foreign aspects can be expressed, let in, and let out again.

Panizzi, Lubetzky and Google: How the Modern Web Environment is Reinventing the Theory of Cataloguing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Grant Campbell ◽  
Karl V. Fast
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Knowledge Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Web Environment ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Web Search Engines

This paper uses cataloguing theory to interpret the partial results of an exploratory study of university students using Web search engines and Web-based OPACs. The participants expressed frustration with the OPAC; while they sensed that it was “organized,” they were unable to exploit that organization, and attributed their failure to the inadequacy of their own skills. In the Google searches, on the other hand, students were getting support traditionally advocated in catalogue design. Google gave them starting points: resources that broadly addressed their requirements, enabling them to get a greater sense of the knowledge structure that would help them to increase their precision in subsequent searches.Cette étude utilise la théorie du catalogage pour interpréter les résultats partiels d'une recherche exploratoire d'étudiants universitaires utilisant les moteurs de recherche Web et les catalogues publics en ligne. Les participants ont exprimé leur frustration envers les catalogues publics en ligne. Bien qu'ils percevaient que les catalogues sont "organisés", ils ont été incapables d’utiliser cette organisation et ont attribué leur échec au manque d'adaptation de leurs propres capacités. Lors de recherches avec Google, d'autre part, les étudiants ont reçu l’assistance traditionnellement proposée dans la conception d’un catalogue. Google leur a donné des points de départ : ressources qui répondent largement à leurs besoins, leur permettant ainsi d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension de la structure des connaissances qui pourraient les aider par la suite à augmenter leur précision lors de recherche. 

scholarly journals MUSIK TERAPI DALAM PERSPEKTIF BUDAYA

Imaji ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahlan Taher
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Healing Power ◽  
Different Cultures

Classical music is said to have healing power. However, whether it can be used universally as common medicines remains questionable. The fact shows how music perceived by human senses is the same among people of different cultures. On the other hand, since music is a product of culture, human perception of music might also vary according to their cultures. Some people have high appreciation towards music so that they can appreciate various cultures while the others do not. Therefore, the use of therapeutic music should be in accordance with someone’s sense of appreciation towards it so that the therapy can give better effects. Keywords: classical music, therapy, culture

Rule-Based Versus Discretionary Fiscal Policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-276
Author(s):  
Tomasz Grabia
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Discretionary Fiscal Policy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Fiscal policy can be of a discretionary or rule-based nature. This article discuses selected examples of fiscal rules as well as presents the advantages and disadvantages of following them. The aim of the article is to solve dilemmas about the positive and negative consequences of strict regulations of contemporary fiscal policy. Therefore, a hypothesis is tested concerning whether the following of rules in macroeconomic policy is a more beneficial solution than carrying out a discretionary policy. The hypothesis was not clearly verified. On the one hand, it was stated that it is usually more beneficial to follow standard rules due to higher reliability for markets. On the other hand, that entails lower flexibility, which may be especially disadvantageous during a crisis.

scholarly journals Experiencias diseño implementación y evaluación de una experiencia multicultural

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Anna Calsina ◽  
Marta Liria ◽  
Sandra Martínez Martínez
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
To Come ◽  
Different Cultures

RESUMENLa experiencia se basó en la realización de una gimkana en un centro de educación no formal a un grupo de menores. (Intermón, 1991; Rodríguez, Ginés y Saliba,1995; Babí, García, Gipert y Rebojo, 1997). Para poder llevar a cabo dicha experiencia se ha seguido la estructura propuesta por Tort y Millán (2000). A partir de los objetivos generales, entre otros, destacamos: Fomentar la cohesión y cooperación del grupo, y conocer algunas tradiciones y costumbres de las diferentes culturas. Utilizamos una serie de instrumentos para valorarlos que a pesar de no estar estandarizados fueron de gran utilidad pese a la dificultad que ha planteado la muestra. Algunas conclusiones son las siguientes: Se han logrado los objetivos aunque algunos sujetos mostraban cierta reticencia a integrarse en el grupo, por otra parte, las actividades de mayor esfuerzo intelectual eran las que presentaban una mayor dificultad a la hora de llevarlas a cabo.ABSTRACTThe experience was based on holding a gymkhana, for a group of children, in an informal educational centre. (Intermón, 1991; Rodríguez, Ginés y Saliba, 1995; Babí, García, Gispert y Rebojo, 1997). In order to carry out the above mentioned experience the structure proposed by Tort and Millán (2000) was followed. Taking the general objectives as a starting point, we can highlight: Encouraging the group to come together and to cooperate and getting to know different cultures traditions and customs. We used a series of instruments to evaluate the objectives, which despite not being standardised were very useful even though the sample (the children) presented some difficulties. Some of the conclusions are the following: The objectives were achieved although some of the subjects showed a certain unwillingness to integrate into the group, on the other hand, the activities which required more intellectual effort were the ones which were the most difficult to carry out.

Neoclassical Compounds between Borrowing and Word Formation

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
Renáta Panocová ◽  
Pius ten Hacken
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
New Words ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Status ◽  
Separate System ◽  
The Individual

In assessing the status of neoclassical compounding, we take into account the generative insight that language is ultimately based in the individual speaker’s competence and the European structuralist insight that new words are a response to naming needs. Two central questions that arise for neoclassical compounding are whether it constitutes a separate system and whether it is productive. We argue that what can be perceived as degrees of productivity and fluctuations in status can in fact be analysed as a consequence of differences between speakers in the same speech community. Speakers that are familiar with a domain in which neoclassical compounding is frequent, e.g. medicine, will be more likely to process new instances as rule-based formations. Considering the origins of neoclassical compounding, we note that borrowing has two different roles. On one hand, it is the reanalysis of borrowings from classical languages that leads to the emergence of a system. On the other hand, new neoclassical formations are borrowed between different languages. Comparing English and Russian, we argue that only for English is there evidence of a substantial set of speakers who have such as system. In Russian, neoclassical compounds are generally borrowings.

Comparison of Slovenian and Korean library laws

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-893
Author(s):  
Hyeonsook Ryu ◽  
Primož Južnič
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Multiple Cultures ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Different Cultures

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive report of the results of a comparative study of Slovenian and Korean library law. Although the countries of Slovenia and Korea have entirely different historical backgrounds, the library laws of both countries are of a comprehensive nature. Despite this, there are many differences between them. This study aims to clarify the differences between the library legislation of Slovenia and Korea and indicates the origins of these differences. The library laws of Slovenia and Korea share a common comprehensive nature and in both countries, library policy is administered by the Ministry charged with culture. Nonetheless, significant differences may be observed in their chapter structures, description methods, composition, as well as the characteristics of the shared national bibliographic system, etc. Additional findings indicate that as a small country surrounded by larger states, Slovenia has historically been more prone to accepting different cultures and can interact with them easily. On the other hand, by not embracing multiple cultures within its system of library law, Korea still fails to provide social and cultural security to ethnic minorities and migrants. This paper represents not only a juxtaposed comparison of Slovenian and Korean library laws, but also provides a detailed cross comparison, considering all of the similarities and differences that may be understood through this process. This study clarifies how each country’s social systems and the environment surrounding library affected the enactments of currently applicable library legislation.

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