Rule-Based Versus Discretionary Fiscal Policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-276
Author(s):  
Tomasz Grabia
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Discretionary Fiscal Policy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Fiscal policy can be of a discretionary or rule-based nature. This article discuses selected examples of fiscal rules as well as presents the advantages and disadvantages of following them. The aim of the article is to solve dilemmas about the positive and negative consequences of strict regulations of contemporary fiscal policy. Therefore, a hypothesis is tested concerning whether the following of rules in macroeconomic policy is a more beneficial solution than carrying out a discretionary policy. The hypothesis was not clearly verified. On the one hand, it was stated that it is usually more beneficial to follow standard rules due to higher reliability for markets. On the other hand, that entails lower flexibility, which may be especially disadvantageous during a crisis.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL OF STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT WORK UNDER CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-289
Author(s):  
Olena Osadcha
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Further Development

The article deals with the development of the model of students’ independent work under conditions of distance learning. The importance of the research into this problem is determined, on the one hand, by the growing possibilities of using various information technologies and, on the other hand by the necessity to adapt to the conditions of today’s world where independent work of students is becoming increasingly important. The advantages and disadvantages of distance learning have been explored. The author studied the role of independent work in the formation of the professional competences of students. The issue of modeling in the area of education has been tackled. The approaches to the development of the model of independent work have been identified and analyzed. The components of the model, such as the goal, the tasks, the content, the methods, the means and evaluation of results have been determined and characterized. The prospects of further development of this research are related to the exploration of models of independent work of students majoring in different areas.

scholarly journals Systematization and analysis of approaches to assessing the competitiveness of business entities

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 05077
Author(s):  
Vadim Krivorotov ◽  
Aleksandr Tarasenko ◽  
Evgeniy Tikhanov ◽  
Petr Chepur ◽  
Alesya Gruchenkova
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The One

Assessment of competitiveness is an objective need of every business entity seeking to maintain or improve their own competitive position and make informed management decisions. The authors propose to classify the diversity of methods of assessment of the competitiveness of the enterprise through three main approaches: graphic, factor and value. In order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of each of the approaches described by the authors, the content of the main methods used in the study was analyzed. It is concluded that there is no universal tool for assessing the competitiveness of the enterprise, which is due to, on the one hand, the limited reliability and low estimates obtained by using matrix and product methods, and on the other hand, the complexity and cost of the estimates using existing multivariate models.

Is it Possible to Avoid the St Augustine Syndrome of Fiscal Procrastination?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Parrado
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Rule ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fiscal Expenditure ◽  
The One ◽  
Rainy Days

Chile has managed to avoid the St Augustine Syndrome of fiscal procrastination. This has required the prudent management of both fiscal flows and stocks. On the one hand, a fiscal policy rule has permitted Chile to save in sunny good times and to spend extraordinary resources on rainy days. The stabilizing fiscal policy rule has been key to smooth fiscal expenditure and avoiding the economic sins present in several countries: those of deficit bias and procyclicality. On the other hand, the management of fiscal stocks through its sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) has transformed Chile into an international example of transparency, good management, and responsibility. This sounds easy but it requires both political courage and economic responsibility. Several lessons could be learned from this which would be useful for other countries in any stage of development.

scholarly journals A Linguistic Evaluation of Rule-Based, Phrase-Based, and Neural MT Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljoscha Burchardt ◽  
Vivien Macketanz ◽  
Jon Dehdari ◽  
Georg Heigold ◽  
Jan-Thorsten Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Large Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Suite ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Online System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

AbstractIn this paper, we report an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of several Machine Translation (MT) engines implementing the three most widely used paradigms. The analysis is based on a manually built test suite that comprises a large range of linguistic phenomena. Two main observations are on the one hand the striking improvement of an commercial online system when turning from a phrase-based to a neural engine and on the other hand that the successful translations of neural MT systems sometimes bear resemblance with the translations of a rule-based MT system.

Lügen und Redefreiheit

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
Jonas Pöld
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Can a person rely on her right to freedom of speech when she is lying in public? First of all, the author defends the thesis that freedom of speech is constrained by fundamental norms of speech. His next step is to analyse the claim – famously made by Kant – that the prohibition against lying fulfills the criteria of such a norm. This view has at least two problems: The epistemic problem that a lie can never be proven without a doubt, and the moral one that there are cases, both real and hypothetical, in which an act of lying seems to be justified or even required. The author concludes that, on the one hand, lying is sometimes justifiable and compatible with freedom of speech. On the other hand, losing respect for honesty altogether leads to negative consequences for any society.

scholarly journals Badanie wyborcze realizowane w dniu wyborów prezydenckich w 2010 roku jako przykład badania realizowanego w miejscu publicznym

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Konrad Krystian Kuźma
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Technique ◽  
Research Techniques ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

As part of the article, the author presents the advantages and disadvantages of research solutions used during the presidential election in 2010. The decision to choose these elections as an example was dictated, on the one hand, by the fact that the survey on the day of the election was carried out by three companies, and on the other hand, by the fact that different research techniques were used. Moreover, the conducted research is well documented both in the journalism and in the report of Professor Domański’s team, and by the author himself, who analyzed this problem in terms of the selection of an appropriate research technique earlier.

scholarly journals SMART Technologies as the Innovative Way of Development and the Answer to Challenges of Modern Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 06010
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Vinogradova ◽  
Tatyana N. Popova ◽  
Abdellah Chehri ◽  
Valentina I. Burenina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Information ◽  
The One ◽  
Smart Technologies

One of the promising tasks in education lies in reforming it into the knowledge economy, integrating and creating a market oriented towards results of intellectual activity. On the other hand, globalization process requires transition of the educational environment to the format of information, communication and digital space. Primarily these areas are set as the nodal tasks, which directs authors of this article to the comparative analysis of educational system making it possible to identify general and particular, positive or negative consequences and characteristics of digitalization in the higher education system. In accordance with current trends and processes of globalization and informatization, the authors are considering the prospects for interaction and mutual influence of Smart technologies used in building a future educational model in the higher education area. Technological innovations today are called upon not only to qualitatively change methods, forms and technologies in the education content, but rather to train personnel capable of operating in the new information and telecommunication community. Therefore, studying the influence and the capabilities of modern digital technologies that meet needs of society, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, contribute to formation of professional competencies in students, which requires major alterations in the learning process, changes in its state towards flexibility, adaptation, personalization, continuity, multidimensionality and systematicity, becomes of specific relevance for authors of this article.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

The Salvage of Ideas: Schumpeter and the Core Problems Still Confronting Economics

2003 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
P. Wynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Two aspects of Schumpeter' legacy are analyzed in the article. On the one hand, he can be viewed as the custodian of the neoclassical harvest supplementing to its stock of inherited knowledge. On the other hand, the innovative character of his works is emphasized that allows to consider him a proponent of hetherodoxy. It is stressed that Schumpeter's revolutionary challenge can lead to radical changes in modern economics.

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