Medianatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
Jussi Parikka

The article outlines the concept of medianatures. The term is a neologism and in debt to Donna Haraway’s rather eloquent and important coinage naturecultures that already functioned to mark the constant co-becomings of supposedly separated spheres of nature and culture. Medianatures is a further elaboration that elaborates the tie between the earth materialities that are mobilized for technological infrastructures, visual technologies, applications and devices, and the onto- epistemological stance that then feeds back into understanding those planetary scale earth materialities in the first place: the techniques of vision, observation, calculation, and circulation that are part of the governance of the earth and its various localities.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Mestre ◽  
Juan Höfer

<p>Despite being major players on the global biogeochemical cycles, microorganisms are generally not included in holistic views of Earth’s system. The Microbial Conveyor Belt is a conceptual framework that represents a recurrent and cyclical flux of microorganisms across the globe, connecting distant ecosystems and Earth compartments. This long-range dispersion of microorganisms directly influences the microbial biogeography, the global cycling of inorganic and organic matter, and thus the Earth system’s functioning and long-term resilience. Planetary-scale human impacts disrupting the natural flux of microorganisms pose a major threat to the Microbial Conveyor Belt, thus compromising microbial ecosystem services. Perturbations that modify the natural dispersion of microorganisms are, for example, the modification of the intensity/direction of air fluxes and ocean currents due to climate change, the vanishing of certain dispersion vectors (e.g., species extinction or drying rivers) or the introduction of new ones (e.g., microplastics, wildfires). Transdisciplinary approaches are needed to disentangle the Microbial Conveyor Belt, its major threats and their consequences for Earth´s system resilience.</p>


Author(s):  
Maris Sõrmus

The article takes a material ecocritical view on contemporary Estonian literature—Andrus Kivirähk’s The Man Who Spoke Snakish. The canonical novel, which focuses on the forest life being replaced with village life as well as the extinction of snakish, or, snake language, has importantly been classified as “the first Estonian eco-novel” (Hasselblatt 1262). In this light, I discuss the ways that nature emerges in new materialist terms as a subject, tangled with culture, challenging normative understandings of humanity. Particularly interesting is the fluid border of nature and culture, which suggests their reciprocal becoming. First, naturalcultural hybridity becomes manifest in the blurring of voices. Snakes emerge as the ancient brothers of humans, speaking with the last forest dwellers, while the protagonist speaks snakish and resembles a snake. The hybridity is further represented through the grandfather, human apes, and the protagonist’s sister. Above all, a hybrid “natureculture” is portrayed through Meeme, who resembles human “turf” and dissolves in nature, foregrounding the trans-corporeal naturalcultural entanglement. As Meeme becomes the earth, the novel suggests the intra-active becoming of the natural and the cultural, confirming the new materialist idea that there is no solid ground on which to stand but a dynamic world, where nature and culture finally still retreat into their own worlds.   Resumen   Este artículo analiza la obra The Man Who Spoke Snakish de Andrus Kivirähk, escritor estonio contemporáneo, desde una perspectiva ecocrítica materialista. Esta novela de culto, que se centra en la desaparición de la vida en el bosque y en la extinción del idioma de las serpientes, ha sido llamada “la primera econovela estonia” (Hasselblatt 1262). Teniendo esto en cuenta, observo cómo aparece la naturaleza como un sujeto entrelazado con la cultura, desafiando de esta manera el concepto normativo de ser humano. Es particularmente interesante el borroso límite entre naturaleza y cultura, haciendo hincapié en su transformación recíproca. En primer lugar, se manifiesta el hibridismo naturocultural en la mezcla de las voces. Las serpientes, hermanos de los humanos, hablan con los últimos habitantes del bosque, mientras que el protagonista habla el idioma de las serpientes y se parece a una serpiente. El mismo hibridismo es también evidente en la figura del abuelo, los simios y la hermana del protagonista. No obstante, la máxima declaración del hibridismo naturocultural es Meeme, que se parece a un pasto humano disolviéndose en la naturaleza y destacando el entrelazamiento transcorporal y naturocultural. Así como Meeme se convierte en tierra, la novela enfatiza la interacción del bosque y el pueblo reflejando una nueva comprensión materialista según la cual la naturaleza y la cultura se funden para formar un solo concepto.


Author(s):  
Felipe Reyes Escutia

Este artículo parte del reconocimiento de la crisis ambiental y de humanidad a escala planetaria y derivadas de la modernidad. Aquí se corporizan la educación y los movimientos sociales como agentes de transformación. Pero no sólo ellos, también se visibiliza esa potencia transformadora en otros cuerpos: en una ciencia descolonizada, humanista e intercultural, en sistemas tecnológicos con la vida como centro y fin, en una ética que humanice en la dignidad y la solidaridad a las naciones, en una estética de la identidad intercultural en la poesía de vivir. La utopía -raíz, energía y sentido de la movilidad social- que se descubre en este documento es ser Humanidad en comunidad con la Tierra, en imaginar y construir identidad y autonomía cada nación y pueblo con y desde sus territorios y en cultivar una conciencia planetaria, amorosamente. Aquí se inscribe la Educación sin adjetivos, aquí hermanan los movimientos sociales, se descubren comunidad. Este artigo parte do reconhecimento da crise ambiental e da humanidade a escala planetária e derivadas da modernidade. Aqui se corporizam a educação e os movimentos sociais como agentes de transformação. Mas não só eles, também se visibiliza essa potência transformadora em outros corpos: em uma ciência descolonizada, humanista e intercultural, em sistemas tecnológicos com a vida como centro e fim, em uma ética que humanize na dignidade e a solidariedade para as nações, em uma estética da identidade intercultural na poesia do viver. A utopia – raiz, energia e sentido de mobilidade social – que se descobre neste documento é ser Humanidade em comunidade com a Terra, em imaginar e construir identidade e autonomia cada nação e povo com e a partir dos seus territórios e em cultivar uma consciência planetária, amorosamente. Aqui se inscreve a Educação sem adjetivos, aqui se vinculam os movimentos sociais, se descobrem comunidade. This article starts from the recognition of the environmental and humanity crisis on a planetary scale and derived from modernity. Here education and social movements are embodied as agents of transformation. But not only them, that transforming power is also visible in other bodies: in a decolonized, humanistic and intercultural science, in technological systems with life as a center and an end, in an ethic that humanizes dignity and solidarity for nations, in an aesthetic of intercultural identity in the poetry of living. The utopia - root, energy and sense of social mobility - that is discovered in this document is to be Humanity in community with the Earth, to imagine and build identity and autonomy every nation and people with and from its territories and to cultivate a planetary consciousness lovingly Here education is inscribed without adjectives, here the social movements come together, community is discovered.


Author(s):  
Guy Tonella

«Life force” is at the core of the prodigious upsurge in the complexification of the living, from the bacterium to the human being, thanks to the life force’s regulating principle: «homeostasis”. Lowen had faith in the life force, in the unsuspecting skills of the human organism, in his intelligence, in his capacities of self-regulation. We, bioenergetic therapists, are today «ferrymen” between the atom and the spirit, «ferrymen” between nature and culture, «ferrymen” between individual homeostasis and ecological homeostasis, «ferrymen” between the grounding in the earth and the oceanic feeling. We transmit to our patients these bonds of attachment that unite us both to humanity and to nature: these links are sensori-emotional in nature, intrinsically intelligent and deeply regulating.


Author(s):  
Charles S. Cockell

The global contiguity of life on the Earth today is a result of the high flux of carbon and oxygen from oxygenic photosynthesis over the planetary surface and its use in aerobic respiration. Life’s ability to directly use redox couples from components of the planetary lithosphere in a pre-oxygenic photosynthetic world can be investigated by studying the distribution of organisms that use energy sources normally bound within rocks, such as iron. Microbiological data from Iceland and the deep oceans show the kinetic limitations of living directly off igneous rocks in the lithosphere. Using energy directly extracted from rocks the lithosphere will support about six orders of magnitude less productivity than the present-day Earth, and it would be highly localized. Paradoxically, the biologically extreme conditions of the interior of a planet and the inimical conditions of outer space, between which life is trapped, are the locations from which volcanism and impact events, respectively, originate. These processes facilitate the release of redox couples from the planetary lithosphere and might enable it to achieve planetary-scale productivity approximately one to two orders of magnitude lower than that produced by oxygenic photosynthesis. The significance of the detection of extra-terrestrial life is that it will allow us to test these observations elsewhere and establish an understanding of universal relationships between lithospheres and life. These data also show that the search for extra-terrestrial life must be accomplished by ‘following the kinetics’, which is different from following the water or energy.


2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minik T. Rosing

The generation of organic matter from CO2 and H2O is a highly endothermic reaction. Energy for biological carbon fixation can be derived from chemical potential gradients in the environment by chemoautotrophic organisms or it can be harvested from photon energy by photosynthesis. On Earth, the plate tectonically driven carbon flux through the surface environment is of such a magnitude that the chemical free energy production within the Earth is insufficient to support conversion of any significant fraction of the carbon to organic matter through chemoautotrophy. Therefore, the chemical and isotopic fingerprints we observe in the Earth's surface environments are based on the invention of photosynthesis by life. We cannot a priori assume that life on any planet will invent photosynthesis and remote life detection should thus not be based exclusively on the expectations from our own ecosystem.


Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Sergio Rubin

Current physics commonly qualifies the Earth system as ‘complex’ because it includes numerous different processes operating over a large range of spatial scales, often modelled as exhibiting non-linear chaotic response dynamics and power scaling laws. This characterization is based on the fundamental assumption that the Earth’s complexity could, in principle, be modeled by (surrogated by) a numerical algorithm if enough computing power were granted. Yet, similar numerical algorithms also surrogate different systems having the same processes and dynamics, such as Mars or Jupiter, although being qualitatively different from the Earth system. Here, I argue that understanding the Earth as a complex system requires a consideration of the Gaia hypothesis: the Earth is a complex system because it instantiates life—and therefore an autopoietic, metabolic-repair (M,R) organization—at a planetary scale. This implies that the Earth’s complexity has formal equivalence to a self-referential system that inherently is non-algorithmic and, therefore, cannot be surrogated and simulated in a Turing machine. I discuss the consequences of this, with reference to in-silico climate models, tipping points, planetary boundaries, and planetary feedback loops as units of adaptive evolution and selection.


2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (29) ◽  
pp. 8127-8132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Scharf ◽  
Leroy Cronin

A simple, heuristic formula with parallels to the Drake Equation is introduced to help focus discussion on open questions for the origins of life in a planetary context. This approach indicates a number of areas where quantitative progress can be made on parameter estimation for determining origins of life probabilities, based on constraints from Bayesian approaches. We discuss a variety of “microscale” factors and their role in determining “macroscale” abiogenesis probabilities on suitable planets. We also propose that impact ejecta exchange between planets with parallel chemistries and chemical evolution could in principle amplify the development of molecular complexity and abiogenesis probabilities. This amplification could be very significant, and both bias our conclusions about abiogenesis probabilities based on the Earth and provide a major source of variance in the probability of life arising in planetary systems. We use our heuristic formula to suggest a number of observational routes for improving constraints on origins of life probabilities.


Author(s):  
Frédéric Neyrat

The Space Age is over? Not at all! A new planet has appeared: Earth. In the age of the Anthropocene, the Earth is a post-natural planet that can be remade at will, controlled and managed thanks to the prowess of geoengineering. This new imaginary is also accompanied by a new kind of power—geopower—which takes the entire Earth—in its social, biological and geophysical dimensions—as an object of knowledge, intervention, and governmentality. Far from merely being the fruit of the spirit of geo-capitalism, this new grand narrative has been championed by the theorists of the constructivist turn (be them ecomodernist, postenvironmentalist, or accelerationist to name a few) who have also called into question the great divide between nature and culture; but in the aftermath of the collapse of this divide, a cyborg, hybrid, flexible nature was built, an impoverished nature that does not exist without being performed by the technologies, human needs, and capitalist imperatives. Underneath this performative vision resides a hidden “a-naturalism” denying all otherness to nature and the Earth, no longer by externalizing it as a thing to be dominated, but by radically internalizing it as something to be digested. Constructivist ecology can hardly present itself in opposition to the geo-constructivist project, which also claims that there is no nature and that nothing will prevent human beings from replacing Earth with an Earth 2.0.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Gärdebo ◽  
Agata Marzecova ◽  
Scott Gabriel Knowles

With a new ‘technosphere’ concept, Peter Haff offers a provocative reconceptualization of technology in Anthropocene, not as derivative consequence of human activity, but as a new ‘quasi-autonomous’ sphere of the environment that conditions human survival within the Earth System. Paying attention to the expansion of the orbital satellites in outer space, this paper suggests that technosphere analysis needs to conceptualize specific histories of the planetary-scale technology while considering how these technologies provide the epistemological basis and limitations for the technosphere. Satellites enhance the capacity of the technosphere as a system and provide systemic knowledge that is the basis for the meaning of the technosphere concept. Yet, this expansion is rooted in the contingencies of earthly geopolitics and the continual breakdown of technology – in this instance as a space debris layer formed in orbit around Earth that endangers the technosphere itself.


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