scholarly journals Penerapan Positive Routine dan Graduated Extinction untuk Menurunkan Perilaku Co-Sleeping pada Anak Usia Dini

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Faradila Azka ◽  
Mita Aswanti Tjakrawiralaksana
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Night Waking

Co-sleeping merupakan solusi jangka pendek yang efektif terhadap anak dengan kesulitan menginisiasi tidur (sleep onset). Pada sisi lain, co-sleeping berkorelasi dengan kemungkinan lebih tinggi untuk terbangun di malam hari (night waking), durasi tidur yang lebih pendek, penolakan yang lebih tinggi untuk tidur, dan kualitas tidur yang lebih rendah. Intervensi yang paling efektif dalam mengatasi co-sleeping adalah modifikasi perilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas penerapan teknik-teknik modifikasi perilaku yang paling banyak digunakan dalam mengatasi co-sleeping, yaitu; positive routine dan extinction. Selain teknik-teknik tersebut, edukasi orang tua, pemberian feedback, dan reinforcement juga dilakukan dalam program ini. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah seorang anak berusia 5 tahun dengan masalah co-sleeping. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa penerapan teknik-teknik tersebut memiliki efektivitas yang baik untuk menurunkan perilaku co-sleeping pada anak usia dini. Anak berhasil tidur sendiri, juga menunjukkan penurunan durasi sleep onset dan night waking. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mendukung pelaksanaan intervensi ini; positive routine yang terbangun dengan baik sejak anak masih bayi, anak yang terbiasa melakukan aktivitas fisik secara rutin, gaya pengasuhan orang tua, juga penguasaan anak terhadap teknik relaksasi. Kata Kunci: modifikasi perilaku, co-sleeping, graduated extinction, positive routine, sleep training

Parent-Mediated Home Intervention for Delayed Sleep-Onset and Night Waking in a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 153465012110414
Author(s):  
Anna Linnehan ◽  
Barbara Cannon ◽  
James K. Luiselli
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Night Waking

We report the case of a 10-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder who had difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep. Through home consultation, his parents were trained to implement a multicomponent sleep intervention that included (a) faded bedtime, (b) regimented pre-bedtime routines, and (c) elimination of positive social consequences contingent on sleep problems including unwanted co-sleeping. A critical element in the case was functional assessment of the conditions associated with poor sleeping and matching intervention to parent preferences. Compared to a baseline phase, intervention reduced night waking frequency and duration as well as the time required for the boy to fall asleep. Follow-up results one and 2 months post-intervention documented sustained improvement.

Reducing Night Waking in Infancy: A Primary Care Intervention

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Adair ◽  
Barry Zuckerman ◽  
Howard Bauchner ◽  
Barbara Philipp ◽  
Suzette Levenson
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parental Perception ◽  
Outcome Questionnaire ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Care Intervention ◽  
Pediatric Intervention ◽  
Historical Controls ◽  
Night Waking

Approximately 25% of infants wake regularly at night and need help in resettling. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate a brief intervention to prevent such night waking. The study used a prospective cohort design with historical controls. Information from the control group was collected at the 9-month visit. The intervention group was enrolled at the 4-month visit. The intervention consisted of information about sleep-onset associations, completion of a sleep chart, and discussion about sleep with the pediatrician. The outcome was also measured at the 9-month visit. To obscure the purpose of the study, the outcome questionnaire for both groups addressed feeding and sleeping. One hundred twenty-eight (74%) of 172 eligible infant-parent pairs comprised the control group and 164 (74%) of 222 the intervention group. The majority of families were white, married, and well-educated. The groups were similar with regard to sociodemographic variables and factors thought to be related to night waking such as current breast-feeding, thumb/pacifier sucking, maternal isolation, and parental perception of difficult child. At 9 months of age, the intervention infants were reported to experience 36% less night waking per week compared with those in the control group (2.5 vs 3.9 wakings per week, P = .02). Frequent night waking was twice as common in control infants (27% vs 14%, P =.01). It is concluded that this pediatric intervention can help parents reduce night waking in infants.

Help them make it through the night: The behavioural treatment of infant sleep disturbance

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Lawton ◽  
Neville M. Blampied ◽  
Karyn G. France
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Infant Sleep ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Onset Delay ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Night Waking

Sleep disturbances such as bed refusal and resistance, sleep-onset delay, night waking with crying, and unwanted co-sleeping with parents affect 15% to 25% of families during their infant's first two years. A program is described that involves structured pre-bedtime activities, putting the child into his or her own bed awake at a regular time, and responding to subsequent waking and crying with planned ignoring and minimally-arousing checks when necessary. This programme was demonstrated in four families and shown to resolve infant sleep disturbances to a clinically significant degree and to the satisfaction of the parents.

Sleep Onset and Night Waking Insomnias in Preschoolers with Psychiatric Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Boekamp ◽  
Lauren R. Williamson ◽  
Sarah E. Martin ◽  
Heather L. Hunter ◽  
Thomas F. Anders
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Night Waking

Spectral and Topographic Microstructure of Brain Alpha Activity During Drowsiness at Sleep Onset and REM Sleep

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Cantero ◽  
Mercedes Atienza
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Brain States

Abstract High-resolution frequency methods were used to describe the spectral and topographic microstructure of human spontaneous alpha activity in the drowsiness (DR) period at sleep onset and during REM sleep. Electroencephalographic (EEG), electrooculographic (EOG), and electromyographic (EMG) measurements were obtained during sleep in 10 healthy volunteer subjects. Spectral microstructure of alpha activity during DR showed a significant maximum power with respect to REM-alpha bursts for the components in the 9.7-10.9 Hz range, whereas REM-alpha bursts reached their maximum statistical differentiation from the sleep onset alpha activity at the components between 7.8 and 8.6 Hz. Furthermore, the maximum energy over occipital regions appeared in a different spectral component in each brain activation state, namely, 10.1 Hz in drowsiness and 8.6 Hz in REM sleep. These results provide quantitative information for differentiating the drowsiness alpha activity and REM-alpha by studying their microstructural properties. On the other hand, these data suggest that the spectral microstructure of alpha activity during sleep onset and REM sleep could be a useful index to implement in automatic classification algorithms in order to improve the differentiation between the two brain states.

Ungewöhnliche attackenweise Einschlafstörungen Unusual attack-like sleep onset disturbances

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 435-438
Author(s):  
M. Sparmann ◽  
D. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Starts

ZusammenfassungUnter Bezugnahme auf einen Fallbericht mit stromstoßartigen Empfindungen im Rachen beim Einschlafen sowie Zusammenzucken infolge Erschreckens dabei und unabhängig davon Zuckungen der Arme oder Beine sowie Apnoen wird auf das Vorkommen von sensiblen oder sensorischen Wahrnehmungen als ungewöhnliche Begleiterscheinungen von Einschlafmyoklonien hingewiesen. Sie können auch ohne Zuckungen als deren Äquivalente bzw. Varianten auftreten und werden sensory sleep starts genannt. Bislang hat das Gefühl des explodierenden Kopfes besondere Beachtung gefunden und ist in der internationalen Klassifikation der Schlafstörungen als exploding head syndrome neben den Halluzinationen angeführt, obgleich es zu diesen gehört.

Melatonin in pediatric neurology

ORL ro ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Raluca Ioana Teleanu ◽  
Magdalena Sandu ◽  
Eugenia Roza
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Light Darkness ◽  
Efficacy Studies ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

Melatonin  is a hormone produced by the pineal gland during the night, as a response to the light-darkness variation. The endogenous melatonin levels have a cyclic evolution throughout the entire life. Various roles have been cited such as the in utero developement of the fetus through its action on the placenta, neurons and glial cells, a major role in the regulation of the cyrcadian rhythm, antioxidative, antiinflammatory roles, as well as celullar and umoral immunity modulation. In the European Union, exogenous melatonin has been evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for reducing sleep onset latency and the conclusion was that it has efficacy studies in this regard.  

N-Acetylserotonin vs Melatonin: In-Vitro Controlled Release from Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vlachou ◽  
G. Stavrou ◽  
A. Siamidi ◽  
S. Flitouri ◽  
V. Ioannidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Matrix Tablets ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Hydrophilic Matrix

Background: N-Acetylserotonin (NAS, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine) is the immediate precursor of the neurohormone melatonin (MT, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), which regulates sleep and wake cycles. NAS is produced by the N-acetylation of serotonin and is converted to melatonin via the action of Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT). Like melatonin, NAS acts as an agonist on the melatonin receptors MT1, MT2, and MT3. However, as NAS is abundant in specific brain areas, separate from serotonin and melatonin, it may also have discrete central effects. Indicatively, it has been reported that NAS may play a role in the antidepressant effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs). </P><P> Objective: To decipher the controlled release characteristics of the active substances (NAS and MT) in a quick initial pace, aiming at a satisfactory sleep-onset related anti-depressive profile and prolonged release, thereafter, targeting at coping with poor sleep quality problems. </P><P> Methods: A series of hydrophilic matrix tablets involving as excipients, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) K15M, low viscosity sodium alginate, lactose monohydrate, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) M.W.: 10.000 and 55.000) was developed and tested at two dissolution media (pH 1.2 and 7.4). </P><P> Results: The results showed that commonly used excipients with different physicochemical properties govern the controlled release of NAS and MT from solid matrix systems. </P><P> Conclusions: We have demonstrated how broadly used excipients affect the in vitro controlled release of NAS and MT from solid pharmaceutical formulations. Currently, we extend our studies on the controlled release of these drugs using various other biopolymers/formulants of different physicochemical characteristics, which will help to highlight the discrete release profiles of NAS and MT.

Sleep in western culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Ekirch
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
Illness Anxiety

Although a universal necessity, sleep, as the past powerfully indicates, is not a biological constant. Before the Industrial Revolution, sleep in western households differed in a variety of respects from that of today. Arising chiefly from a dearth of artificial illumination, the predominant form of sleep was segmented, consisting of two intervals of roughly 3 hours apiece bridged by up to an hour or so of wakefulness. Notwithstanding steps taken by families to preserve the tranquillity of their slumber, the quality of pre-industrial sleep was poor, owing to illness, anxiety, and environmental vexations. Large portions of the labouring population almost certainly suffered from sleep deprivation. Despite the prevalence of sleep-onset insomnia, awakening in the middle of the night was thought normal. Not until the turn of the nineteenth century and sleep’s consolidation did physicians view segmented sleep as a disorder requiring medication.

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