Anuran Diversity and Ecology from Forest Fragments in Cavite Province, Luzon Island, Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
New Records ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sampling Efficiency ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Transect Sampling ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

The earliest comprehensive work on Cavite Province’s anurans started in 1998 in Mount Palay-Palay/Mataas na-Gulod Protected Landscape. Annual anuran assessments have been done in this protected area since then, but not for the entire province. The anuran assemblages are also experiencing numerous anthropogenic threats that could affect their diversity. The aim of the study was to determine anuran diversity, richness, and abundance in six secondary lowland forest fragments in Cavite and further contribute to existing knowledge on Philippine anurans. Anuran surveys were conducted from February to September 2010 by employing a combination of strip transect sampling, time-constrained searches, visual encounter survey (VES), and acoustic encounter survey (AES). Utilizing EstimateS v.8.2, species diversity was represented by Shannon’s Diversity Index (H’), species richness by the non-parametric Jackknife1 and sampling efficiency by MaoTau. Twenty-one (21) microhabitats were identified, and species diversity and richness were highest in riparian forests during both dry and wet seasons. A total of 17 anuran taxa, including five representing new records for Cavite, were recorded. Species diversity (H ́) values slightly varied and a comparison of the MaoTau and the Jackknife1 results indicated that ca. 80-100% of the anuran species were detected from the different forest fragments. The anuran assemblage has a high degree of endemism (70.6%) with two yet-to-be described species, Platymantis sp. and Kaloula sp., also known to occur in Cavite.

Tree Species Diversity of the Remaining Forest Fragments in Cavite, Luzon Island, Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

Cavite has remaining secondary lowland forest fragments that are believed to be either remnant from commercial logging activities ca. 25-45 years ago or as a direct result of land conversions for agriculture or human settlements. There have been no vegetation studies among these forest fragments except in Mt. Palay-Palay in 2004. The aim of the research was to describe these remaining forest fragments (in addition to Mt. Palay-Palay), their tree species diversity, composition, ecological assessment and current anthropogenic threats affecting these areas. Vegetation analysis was performed using the Point-Centered Quarter Method (PCQM) in 72 100-m transects in forest fragments with different habitats. Species diversity was computed using Shannon’s diversity index (H′). A total of 2,853 tree individuals belonging to 50 families, 127 genera, and 174 species was encountered. Species diversity indices (H′) in all forest fragments were high and their importance value indices (IVIs) fall within the range of IVIs of tropical forest inventories. Assessment of ecological status revealed that of the 174 species, 44 (25.3%) are endemic, 114 (65.5%) are native/indigenous, and 16 (9.2%) are exotic/introduced. Thirty-nine angiosperms are threatened representing 8.9% of all threatened angiosperms in the Philippines. Overall, Cavite’s remaining forest fragments are diverse in terms of tree species and all experience anthropogenic threats and it is highly recommended that they be protected and conserved including the diverse fauna and flora associated with these areas.

scholarly journals List of bee species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Lviv city (Ukraine). Part II: Families Colletidae Lepeletier, 1841; Halictidae Thomson, 1869; Megachilidae Latreille, 1802 and Melittidae Michener, 2000

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
I. P. Skyrpan ◽  
◽  
S. R. Pytel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
National University ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

Background. The article presents the results of the research on bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) that occur in the city of Lviv. Bees are one of the most important pollinators of many species of angiosperm plants. Research on species diversity of bees is very important not only on the wild nature territories, but also on the urbanized areas. Cities have a significant impact on bee species diversity, their biology and conservation. A comprehensive study of all Apoidea on the whole territory of the city of Lviv has been conducted for the first time in more than 80 years and we hope that the presented materials will lay the foundation for further more detailed studies in this area. Materials and Methods. Lviv is the largest city in Western Ukraine located on the eastern edge of the Roztochia Upland. The material was collected during the warm period of 2017–2019. The Moericke (yellow) pan traps and the entomological nets were used. Besides, we collected dead bees (killed by traffic) along the roads. W have analyzed the entomological collection of the Zoological Museum of the Ivan Franko National University [ZMD] (Lviv). The stereoscopic microscope and a variety of specialized keys for bee species identification were used. We used the Shannon’s diversity index to assess species diversity. We also calculated the Shannon evenness measure to facilitate the interpretation of the results. Results. We analyzed 960 specimens of bees that belong to 106 species, 25 genera and 6 families. The current (second) part of our study deals with review of the Colletidae (3 species), Halictidae (22 species), Megachilidae (11 species) and Melittidae (5 species) families. Species diversity of the bees from Andrenidae and Apidae families was analyzed in previous (first) the part of our research [27]. Conclusions. All species from the six families are native for the territory of Europe. The majority of them are polylectic (≈ 61 %), while the number of oligolectic species (≈ 23 %), or species that do not need to collect pollen (≈ 16 %) is much smaller. The Shannon’s diversity index is approx. 3.718 and the Shannon evenness measure is 0.799 (the honeybee Apis mellifera was excluded in both calculations). Analysis of the impact of urbanization and various environmental factors on the species diversity of bees requires further detailed studies. Keywords: bees, species diversity, Lviv, Ukraine

Species Diversity, Abundance and Habitat Distribution of Anurans in Mts. Palay-Palay Mataas-Na-Gulod Protected Landscape, Luzon Island, Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
New Records ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Transect Sampling ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Effective Conservation

Mt. Palay-Palay is Cavite’s only protected landscape and yet very few herpetological studies have been done in this area. Thus, the study aims to provide robust ecological data on different anuran species so that an effective conservation and management plan could be formulated. Five habitats were sampled using a combination of cruising transect, stratified random strip transect sampling, time-constrained searches, visual encounter survey (VES) and acoustic encounter survey (AES). A total of 1528 individuals belonging to 12 species was recorded from the study area. In addition to previous works, 2 Platymantis spp. were new records bringing the total species richness to 16. Of the 16 species, 10 (62.5%) are endemic to the Philippines. Among the species, Platymantis mimulus was the most abundant and also had the highest density of 174 frogs ha-1. Among the habitats riparian forests had highest species diversity, Mau Tao and Jackknife1 values which showed dependence of anurans on water. Of the 17 microhabitats, forest floor litter was the most occupied by anurans.

scholarly journals Diversity of ground beetles (Carabidae) in the plantations of fast growing trees

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Pavla Šťastná
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Jaccard Similarity ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Abax Parallelepipedus ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Shannon’S Diversity Index

The species diversity of ground beetles (Carabidae) was monitored in the plantations of fast growing trees (poplars and willows) in the District of Žďár nad Sázavou, Czech Republic (faunistic square 6463). Relations between age and type of vegetation and biodiversity were observed. Samples were collected from pitfall traps at monthly intervals from May to October in 2008. In total, 36 species of Carabidae represented by 912 specimens were entrapped in the 4 monitored plots. Basic synecologic characteristics (dominance, species diversity, evenness and Jaccard similarity index) were evaluated. The most numerous species in the plot No. 1 was Abax parallelepipedus (99 specimens), in the plot No. 2 Limodromus assimilis (112 specimens), in the plot No. 3 Amara montivaga (32 specimens) and in the plot No. 4 Poecilus cupreus (52 specimens). The majority of adaptable species was recorded in the plot No. 1, which signifies a well-regenerated secondary biotope. Shannon’s diversity index (2.78) were the highest in the plot No. 3, and the highest evenness was also in the plot No.​ 3 (0.84). The highest similarity expressed by the Jaccard similarity index was observed between the plots No. 2 and 4, the lowest between the plots No. 1 and 3. Fast growing trees plantations host similar fauna of ground beetles as the surrounding agroecosystems with eurytopic species dominating. Specific species of cultivated trees do not probably significantly affect the species composition of ground beetles, but the density of vegetation can affect the abundance of species present. Two threatened species of (Brachinus explodens and Cicindela campestris) according to Decree No. 395/1992 Coll. were identified in the monitored plots.

scholarly journals TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN THE LOWLAND FOREST OF THE CORE ZONE OF THE BUKIT DUABELAS NATIONAL PARK, JAMBI, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
RAHMAH RAHMAH ◽  
KUSWATA KARTAWINATA ◽  
NISYAWATI NISYAWATI ◽  
WISNU WARDHANA ◽  
ERWIN NURDIN
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
Complete Representation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

RAHMAH, KARTAWINATA, K., NISYAWATI, WARDHANA, W. & NURDIN, E. 2016. Tree species diversity in the lowland forest of the core zone of the Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 15(1): 11 - 26. — An analysis of the composition and structure of a one-hectare plot of forest on a lowland hill slope in the eastern core zone of the Bukit Duabelas National Park, Jambi, was conducted in October and November 2012. The objective of the study was to obtain a descriptive account of the structure and tree species composition of a lowland forest in the eastern core zone of the park. The plot was divided into 100 subplots of  (10 m × 10 m) each and the seedling subplots (5 m × 5 m) were nested in the sapling subplots. A total of 414 trees were recorded with DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) ?10 cm, representing 113 species and 38 families, with the total BA (Basal Area)  of 25.71 m2 and Shannon- Wiener diversity index of 4.29. Prunus arborea with IV (Importance Value) of 19.19 is the dominant species and the other prevalent species were, Dracontomelon dao (IV =11.46) and Hydnocarpus sp. (IV =11.38). A total of 44 species (38.9%) had each density of 1 tree/ha, which may be considered locally rare. Ficus fistulosa had the highest density (24 trees/ha) and Prunus arborea had the highest BA (3.28 m2 = 12.8% of the total). Only 10 species had F (frequency) of 8-18%, of which Hydnocarpus sp. had the highest (18%); the remaining species had F<8%, which may be considered locally rare. Moraceae (IV= 34.05) was the dominant family. The two richest families were Moraceae (11) and Clusiaceae (9). A total of 61 species were registered in the Sumatra checklist and one of them was endemic (Baccaurea dulcis). A total of 13 species are listed in the IUCN Red List. The forest is a developing community after disturbance in the past with poor regeneration. Species with complete representation of trees, saplings and seedlings will probably remain in the forest in the future.

scholarly journals Carbon stocks of homestead forests have a mitigation potential to climate change in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarit Kumar Baul ◽  
Tajkera Akhter Peuly ◽  
Rajasree Nandi ◽  
Lars Holger Schmidt ◽  
Shyamal Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Homestead Forests ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Low Altitude

AbstractA total of 176 homestead forests at three altitudes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh were randomly surveyed to estimate carbon (C) stocks and how stand structure affects the biomass C. All woody vegetations were measured, and litter and soil (0–30 cm depth) were sampled. The tree biomass C stock in the top two altitude forests was up to 37–48% higher than in low altitude, owing to significantly higher tree density and species diversity. An increase in species diversity index by one unit increased the biomass stock by 23 Mg C ha−1. The C stock of litterfall in low altitude forests was 22–28% higher than in the top two altitude due to the deposition of litters downslope and deliberate use of mulch for soil improvement and conservation, resulting in up to 5% higher total soil C. The topsoil C was 10–25% higher than the deeper soil, depending on the altitude. The forest stored 89 Mg C ha−1, indicating a potential for C sequestration in trees outside forest. This study would help policymakers to strengthen the recognition of small-scale forests for mitigation in REDD + (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) and support owners through C credits from sustainably managed forests.

scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Analysis of the Forest Fragments Surrounding a Conservation Unit in the Southern Region of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Bianca Fernandes ◽  
Ligia Batista
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
Border Effect ◽  
Action Strategies ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
High Degree

In recent years, anthropogenic actions have intensified forest fragmentation, causing several damages to the landscape’s natural components, propagating the loss of biodiversity. This study aims to present an analysis of the forest fragments in a conservation unit located at southern of Brazil. The evaluation was carried out for the years 1998, 2008, and 2018, by using landscape metrics and classification of remote sensing imagery of the Landsat satellite. The following metrics were analyzed: area and edge, shape, core area, and aggregation. The results indicated an increase of 16.88% in the total area of vegetation, and the percentage of fragments increased from 16.16% to 18.89%. The number of fragments decreased, resulting in an increase of the mean area in 5.4 ha. The percentage of vegetation under border effect changed from 40.2% to 37.1%. In 1998, the average nearest neighbor distance was 155.4 m, and in 2018, 149.7 m. However, this distance is still classified as a high degree of isolation, which hinders the movement of organisms and the dispersion of species. Thus, all the analyzed metrics indicated a decrease in the fragmentation, except for the edge density metric, in which its increase of 1.86 pointed to a lower degree of conservation during the analyzed period. A study of this nature is important as it provides subsidies for future researches and can contribute to action strategies to be adopted in the management plan of the area.

scholarly journals Species Diversity of Myrmecofauna and Araneofauna Associated with Agroecosystem and Forest Fragments and their Interaction with Carabidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera)

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Queiroz Haddad ◽  
Francisco Jorge Cividanes ◽  
Ivan Carlos Fernandes Martins
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Fragments

scholarly journals Morphofunctional changes of phytoplankton community during pluvial anomaly in a tropical reservoir

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRA Câmara ◽  
O Rocha ◽  
EKR Pessoa ◽  
S Chellappa ◽  
NT Chellappa
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Hydrodynamic Instability ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species

AbstractThe present study focuses on the structure and function of phytoplankton community during periods of marked changes in hydrological traits, influenced by an atypical climatic event (La Niña) and its impact on Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Reservoir of Rio Grande do Norte, situated in the Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil. The main questions addressed were: What are the effects of environmental factors on the temporal variation of Morphologically Based Functional Group (MBFG) of phytoplankton community? How does the composition of cyanobacterial species shift in relation to high and low trends of phytoplankton diversity? The samples were collected monthly during 2008-2009 and analyzed for pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen content and the nutrients, such as, nitrate-nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, total nitrogen and orthophosphate. Phytoplankton samples were collected for both qualitative and quantitative analyses to evaluate species richness index and species diversity index. The data was divided into two distinct hydrodynamic periods of instability and stability. The results demonstrate considerable changes in dissolved oxygen content, water transparency and nitrogen nutrients, which directly influenced the MBFG of phytoplankton community in space and time. The instability of reservoir water was caused by heavy rainfall, which exerts atypical external disturbances. The seasonal variation of MBFG demonstrates a change in cyanobacterial composition and their diversity during instability and stability periods. MBFG VII, composed by colonial cyanobacteria with mucilage, was associated with reduced values of electrical conductance and alterations in pH. The predominance of filamentous species with heterocyst (MBFG III) occurs only during the hydrodynamic stability period and did not show significant association with analyzed parameters. The co-dominance of MBGFs III, V and VII along with high species diversity of phytoplankton community occurred during the second hydrodynamic instability period which was associated with the reduction in water temperature. It is concluded that the decrease in cyanobacterial species dominance and the general increase in the diversity of phytoplankton community are influenced by pluvial anomaly. The higher water level during the period of pluvial anomaly resulted in nutrient pulse and the mixing of water column in the reservoir, which determined the MBPG phytoplankton community distribution.

scholarly journals Distance Effects on Diversity and Abundance of the Flower Visitors of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in the Kakamega Forest Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellen K. Mandela ◽  
Mugatsia H. Tsingalia ◽  
Mary Gikungu ◽  
Wilbur M. Lwande
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Pollination is an important ecosystem service in the maintenance of biodiversity and most importantly in food production. Pollination is on the decline due to habitat loss, exotic species invasions, pollution, overharvesting, and land use changes. This study analyzed the abundance and diversity of flower visitors’ of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in Kakamega forest with increasing distance from the forest edge. Data were collected through direct observation and sweep netting. Six study sites were identified along two transects each 2.5 km long and labeled A to F. Distance in metres from the forest edge to each site was A=221, B=72, C=83, D=198, E=113, and F=50. Sampling was done from 7:30 am to 4:00 pm, three days in a week for five months consecutively. Diversity indices of different flower visitors were calculated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare differences between sites and a two-sample t-test was used to identify mean significant differences in species diversity between the closest and the furthest sites. A total of 645 individuals belonging to 35 species were captured from 4 families. The highest diversity was at site F (H’= 2.38) which was closest to the forest edge and the lowest diversity was from site A (H’=1.44) which was furthest from the forest edge. Distance from the forest edge significantly influenced species diversity (F(3, 20)=14.67, p=0.024). Distance from the forest edge also significantly influenced species abundance between the furthest sites A, D, and E and the nearest sites F, B, and C to the forest edge (t=4.177; p=0.0312) and species richness (t=3.2893; p=0.0187). This study clearly demonstrates that Ocimum kilimandscharicum flower visitors play essential roles in pollination and their higher number of visits translates into higher numbers of seeds set. Many of these pollinators are associated with the forest and hence the need to conserve the Kakamega forest as a source pool for pollinators.

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