scholarly journals Species Diversity of Myrmecofauna and Araneofauna Associated with Agroecosystem and Forest Fragments and their Interaction with Carabidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera)

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Queiroz Haddad ◽  
Francisco Jorge Cividanes ◽  
Ivan Carlos Fernandes Martins
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Fragments

Edge Effects on the Epiphytic Lichen Flora of Picea Abies in Middle Boreal Finland

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kivistö ◽  
Mikko Kuusinen
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Forest Margin ◽  
Lichen Flora

AbstractThe edge effect of large clear-cuts on the epiphytic lichen flora of Picea abies in old-growth forest fragments was studied at three south-exposed and four north-exposed forest clear-cut edges in middle boreal Finland. The sampling of the species cover on trunk bases was carried out along four transects parallel to the forest margin: (1) at the forest margin, (2) 10 m from the margin, (3) 20 m from the margin and (4) 50 m from the margin. In addition, control trees were sampled > 100 m from nearest edge. Our results showed that the epiphytic lichen species diversity was lower at the forest margin than in the forest interior for sunny south-facing edges, while the species diversity in north-exposed edges was independent of the distance from the forest margin. The cover of a common and abundant lichen species, Parmeliopsis ambigua, was slightly higher at the forest edge and decreased inside the forest for both south-exposed and north-exposed edges.

ESTRUTURA, DIVERSIDADE E HETEROGENEIDADE DO ESTRATO REGENERANTE EM UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL URBANO APÓS 10 ANOS DE SUCESSÃO FLORESTAL

FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaela Vilela Eiras e Paiva ◽  
José Hugo Campos Ribeiro ◽  
Fabricio Alvim Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Small Fragment ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Dalbergia Nigra

Este estudo visou avaliar a composição florística, a fitossociologia e a diversidade de espécies do estrato regenerante arbóreo de um pequeno fragmento (0,5 ha) de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, após 10 anos de abandono, no perímetro urbano do município de Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil. Os indivíduos da regeneração arbórea (altura ≥ 1 m e DAP < 5 cm) foram amostrados em 25 parcelas aleatórias de 5 x 5 m. Foram amostrados 1224 indivíduos pertencentes a 40 espécies. Houve uma forte predominância (> 90%) de espécies de estágios sucessionais iniciais (pioneiras e secundárias iniciais). Como reflexo da forte dominância ecológica observada, exercida principalmente pela elevada densidade das espécies Dalbergia nigra e Siparuna guianensis, o valor do índice de diversidade de espécies de Shannon (H’ = 2,38) foi muito inferior aos valores encontrados para fragmentos florestais maduros. Mesmo sendo um fragmento pequeno, isolado e em estágio inicial de sucessão secundária, análises multivariadas (agrupamento e DCA) evidenciaram a formação de grupos florísticos e uma forte diferenciação no arranjo das espécies, evidenciando a heterogeneidade típica de florestas tropicais. Embora apresente uma baixa diversidade, esse fragmento urbano tem funções ecológicas e sociais importantes para a região, que carece de áreas verdes para a conservação da flora nativa.AbstractStructure, diversity and heterogeneity of regeneration stratum in an urban forest fragment after 10 years of forest succession. This research aimed to evaluate the floristic composition, phytosociology and species diversity of the regenerating woody stratum of a small fragment (0.5 ha) of Semideciduous Forest, after 10 years of abandonment, in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. All woody individuals (height ≥ 1 m dbh <5 cm) were sampled at 25 random plots of 5 x 5 m. We sampled 1224 individuals belonging to 40 species. There was a strong predominance (> 90%) of species of early successional stages (pioneer and early secondary). Reflecting the strong observed ecological dominance, exercised primarily by the high density of the species Dalbergia nigra and Siparuna guianensis, species diversity value (Shannon index H '= 2.38) was much lower than the values found for mature forest fragments in this region. Although a small fragment, isolated and in early stages of secondary succession, the multivariate analysis (cluster and DCA) revealed the formation of distinct floristic groups and a strong differentiation in the arrangement of the species, showing the tropical forests typical heterogeneity. Although it has a low diversity, this urban fragment has ecological and social importance to the region, that present lack of green areas to conserve the native flora.Keywords:  Phytosociology; multivariate analysis; gradient analysis; ecological groups.

Frugivorous butterflies in Venezuelan forest fragments: abundance, diversity and the effects of isolation

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazala Shahabuddin ◽  
John W. Terborgh
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Species Responses ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Frugivorous butterflies were studied in a set of forested islands (0.1 to 1.15 ha) in a reservoir in eastern Venezuela to investigate the effects of fragmentation and the resulting isolation on their abundance, diversity and species composition. While some islands showed reduced abundance and species diversity in comparison to unfragmented (or control) sites, others did not. Isolation status affected both butterfly abundance and diversity. Islands located close to their colonizing sources (0.1–1 km) tended to support similar densities of butterflies but lower numbers of species in comparison to control sites. Far fragments (1–3 km from their colonizing sources) tended to harbour lower butterfly densities in comparison to control sites but undiminished numbers of species. Species composition varied significantly between control sites and islands and amongst control sites, near islands and far islands. Interspecific differences were observed in species' responses to fragmentation. Charaxines, medium-sized satyrines, morphines and brassolines may be vulnerable to extinction after habitat fragmentation while small-sized satyrines may be relatively resistant. Observations during the dry season indicate that butterfly species may exist as mainland-island metapopulations in Lago Guri, in which small habitat fragments require recolonization every year from source populations in large islands and mainland habitat.

Abundance, diversity, and community structure of small mammals in forest fragments in Prince Edward Island National Park, Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Silva
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
National Park ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Edge Habitat ◽  
Eastern Chipmunk

Anthropogenic activities in Prince Edward Island (Canada) have created a mosaic of fragmented uneven-aged forests and agricultural and pasture lands, as well as large amounts of edge habitat. Although the mammalian fauna of the province is largely composed of small mammals, no previous study has investigated how they respond to habitat fragmentation. I surveyed 14 forest fragments in Prince Edward Island National Park to assess the effects of habitat fragmentation on the abundance and diversity of small mammals. A total of 897 small mammals from 11 different species were captured during 10 231 trap-nights. The most frequently captured species were the eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus (53.5%), and the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus (24.9%). Neither species richness, total population size, nor the Shannon–Wiener species-diversity index (H') was significantly associated with either fragment area or perimeter length. The results also indicated no difference in species diversity between linear fragments and other-shaped fragments. The only species showing a response to edge habitat was the eastern chipmunk. We concluded that future research in Prince Edward Island National Park should assess the abilities of small mammals and their predators to use edge habitats and agricultural fields.

scholarly journals Mammal communities are larger and more diverse in moderately developed areas

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arielle Waldstein Parsons ◽  
Tavis Forrester ◽  
Megan C Baker-Whatton ◽  
William J McShea ◽  
Christopher T Rota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Citizen Scientist ◽  
Animal Abundance ◽  
Residential Yards ◽  
Mammal Communities ◽  
Small Forest

Developed areas are thought to have low species diversity, low animal abundance, few native predators, and thus low resilience and ecological function. Working with citizen scientist volunteers to survey mammals at 1427 sites across two development gradients (wild-rural-exurban-suburban-urban) and four plot types (large forests, small forest fragments, open areas and residential yards) in the eastern US, we show that developed areas actually had significantly higher or statistically similar mammalian occupancy, relative abundance, richness and diversity compared to wild areas. However, although some animals can thrive in suburbia, conservation of wild areas and preservation of green space within cities are needed to protect sensitive species and to give all species the chance to adapt and persist in the Anthropocene.

scholarly journals The Importance of Forest-Nonforest Transition Zones for Avian Conservation in a Vegetation Disturbance Gradient in the Northern Neotropics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292110080
Author(s):  
Dallas R. Levey ◽  
Alejandro Estrada ◽  
Paula L. Enríquez ◽  
Adolfo G. Navarro-Sigüenza
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Disturbance Gradient ◽  
Unique Species

Tropical landscape connectivity and matrix quality near large stands of primary forest are important factors that dictate biodiversity trends in communities. Suitable matrix management surrounding primary forest may help conserve biodiversity, but areas with poor matrix management need attention to determine their long-term viability to support native levels of biodiversity. We examined variations in species and functional diversity and community composition using point-count surveys placed in preserved (PRES), transition (TRA), and disturbed (DIS) areas according to percent land cover of forest and cattle pasture along a human disturbance gradient in the northern Neotropics during an 8 month period from 2019–2020. We expected the gradient of human disturbance to drive species diversity loss of forest specialists from PRES to DIS, resulting in changes to functional diversity and community composition. We detected 228 species overall, with 163 in PRES (40 unique species), 159 in TRA (9 unique species), and 152 in DIS (20 unique species). TRA supported an avian community with shared aspects of PRES and DIS, leading to the highest functional, Shannon (85.8 estimated species), and Simpson (57.9 estimated species) diversity. Higher diversity of open-area specialists in TRA and DIS has led to shifts in functional traits and different species and functional community compositions relative to PRES. Land management in Neotropical human-modified landscapes must focus on increasing habitat quality in remnant forest fragments in the vicinity of large stands of primary forest to prevent species and ecosystem service loss from preserved areas and the distancing of local community compositions.

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