scholarly journals Breast-feeding and weaning patterns in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Nuri M. Shembesh ◽  
Nura Naseb M. Balo ◽  
Ratan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Supplementary Foods

An interview survey of 200 mothers attending the emergency service of Al-Fateh Paediatric Hospital, Benghazi, showed that prelacteal feed was given to 18.5% of babies and breast-feeding was ever initiated in 90.5%. After three months exclusive breast-feeding was continued in less than 30%, mixed feeding in 44%-71% and supplementary feeding [with and without breast-feeding] in 65%-97%. Locally consumed food like fruit juice, vegetables, cooked rice and cereals and boiled eggs in mashed form were used as supplementary foods. No association was revealed between the type of feeding and childhood episodes of any illness, including diarrhoea or acute respiratory infection. Measures for prolonged breast-feeding, substitute artificial feeding [when indicated] and supplementary feeding are suggested

scholarly journals Weaning practices and breast-feeding duration in Northern Thailand

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Jackson ◽  
Stella M. Imong ◽  
Lumduan Wongsawasdii ◽  
Adung Silprasert ◽  
Sakda Preunglampoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Large Household ◽  
Supplementary Foods ◽  
Breast Fed

Current infant feeding guidelines recommend exclusive breast-feeding until the infant is about 4 months old to reduce the risks of early termination of breast-feeding, undernutrition and infection. In many societies, however, supplementary foods are given well before 4 months of age. The present paper describes weaning practices, factors associated with early supplementation and the effects of supplementation on duration of breast-feeding in a random sample of sixty northern Thai breast-fed infants studied prospectively from birth to 2 years of age. Composition of supplementary foods, energy and protein intake from supplements and changes in the supplementary diet with increasing infant age are also described. Rice-based foods were given from soon after birth; 81% of the sample had received supplements by 6 weeks of age. Early supplementary feeding was significantly associated with rural residence, large household size, maternal employment in agriculture and maternal age. Girls and infants with lower birth weights tended to be supplemented earlier. Despite early feeding of supplements, breast-feeding was prolonged, with median duration of 12 months. Early introduction of supplements and quantity of supplements consumed in the first 3 months were not associated with duration of breast-feeding. However, mothers who gave infant formula as the first supplementary food stopped breast-feeding slightly earlier, as did younger mothers living in households with more children.Breast-feeding: Supplementary feeding: Weaning

Human Milk and Breast-Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-504
Author(s):  
BARBARA W. HUDSON
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Unique System

It was refreshing and reassuring to read an article on human milk and breast-feeding (Pediatrics, 34:837, 1964), after thumbing through eleven advertisements for artificial feeding in the same issue. The joy of breast-feeding is fast becoming a lost art in our modern culture. Breast-feeding is a natural and unique system of supply and demand which best serves mother and baby. Breast-feeding has not become complicated, only our attitudes toward it have created problems.

Postpartum Lactational Amenorrhoea as a Means of Family Planning in the Sudan: A Study of 500 Cases

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal M. Adnan ◽  
Salah Abu Bakr
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Primiparous Women

SummaryThe lactational histories of 500 Sudanese women were studied retrospectively to examine postpartum lactational amenorrhoea as a method of family planning. Particular attention was given to the factors affecting postpartum lactational amenorrhoea, including supplementary feeding and the use of modern contraceptive methods. Breast-feeding was overwhelmingly practised (90%) among this sample, which was roughly representative of the Sudanese population as a whole. The prevalence of amenorrhoea among this group of lactating women was quite high (73%). Duration of lactational amenorrhoea ranged from 2 to 36 months with a median of 12 months.Introduction of supplementary feeding had little effect on lactational amenorrhoea up to the 9th month of breast-feeding. Beyond the 12th month of breast-feeding, lactational amenorrhoea was significantly prolonged by postponing the introduction of supplementary feeding until the 4th month or later.Ovulation, and hence conception, during lactational amenorrhoea was unpredictable. It occurred as early as the 3rd or as late as the 36th month postpartum. Conceptions interrupting lactational amenorrhoea soon after delivery (3–9 months) were more frequent among primiparous women. The failure rate of lactational amenorrhoea as a contraceptive was 8·4%. Though extremely high compared to that of the pill, lactational amenorrhoea was more useful as a fertility control mechanism because, in this study, a high proportion of women initiated pill use, but soon discontinued it because of side effects. Modern contraceptive practice was not prevalent. Amenorrhoeic mothers accepted the pill after the 6th month postpartum (41%), compared to lactating mothers whose menses had returned who started it much earlier. Forty-nine percent of the women studied relied completely on the protection of lactational amenorrhoea. Fifty-seven percent of all lactating women who used the combined pill reported a reduction in milk production. There are several policy implications of this study.

scholarly journals Breast-Feeding Decline despite Deteriorating Socio-Economic Conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Bendley Melville
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The impact of deteriorating socio-economic conditions on breast-feeding duration in Jamaica is examined In spite of dramatic increases in the consumer price index for food and drink and consequently in the cost of artificial feeding, breast-feeding duration declined by 10.6% during 19871991. This was apparently due to a reduction in postpartum visits by district midwives. It is concluded that breast-feeding promotion should receive increased support under conditions of severe economic hardship.

Breast-feeding pattern in an urban Nigerian community

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbolahan A. Oni
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Negative Effect

SummaryThe paper examines the pattern of breast-feeding among women still in their prime childbearing ages (15–35 years) in Ilorin, the capital city of Kwara state in Nigeria. While breast-feeding is still a common practice among urban women, there is wide variation in the duration of breast-feeding depending on the socioeconomic characteristics of the mothers. Mother's education and father's education have very strong negative associations with duration of breast-feeding. Use of contraception also has a significant independent but negative effect on breast-feeding duration. Christians continue breast-feeding for shorter periods than Muslims. The introduction of supplementary feeding to the infant occurs in this population much earlier than is recommended by various authorities. The dangers inherent in this pattern of infant feeding are discussed.

Practices and Attitudes Toward Breast-Feeding Among Medical Professionals

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-920
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Hospital Administrators ◽  
Feeding Experience ◽  
Family Practitioners ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Supplementary Foods

The results of a mail survey conducted among pediatricians, obstetricians, family practitioners, and nurses, and results of an adjunct survey conducted among hospital administrators are presented. According to the findings, breast-feeding is advocated by physicians; however, the topic is not always initiated, so the mother is influenced by other sources. Supplementary foods and vitamins are advocated to varying degrees and not necessarily in keeping with present knowledge about nutrition. Physicians are willing to counsel mothers regarding problems with breast-feeding and feel that further physician encouragement is necessary for more breast-feeding or longer breast-feeding. Mothers should have an opportunity during pregnancy, while they are in the hospital, and postnatally to learn as much as they can about feeding methods. The obstetrician can initiate earlier discussion with the mother on feeding methods and can assume a more aggressive role in initiating this discussion. In the hospital, a mother who chooses to breast-feed can be assisted in having a successful breast-feeding experience by spending as much time as possible with her infant starting with the period immediately following birth. Postnatally, physicians can encourage successful breast-feeding and breast-feeding of longer duration by not encouraging the early initiation of supplements and solid foods. The increasing trend in breast-feeding can best be facilitated by these positive actions taken by physicians, nurses, and health care facilities.

Practice of Breast Feeding Under Two Years Children Amoung Mothers in a Selected Slum of Dhaka City

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Md. M Bhuiyan ◽  
N Shoaib ◽  
M Begum ◽  
Md. S H Khan ◽  
A Nasreen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Supplementary Foods

A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 240 mothers who had children under two years. Mean age of tlw resputulou was 26.73 years. Most of the mother (60.83%) had dtildren tuuler the age group of 6 months. Fifty three pen.ent respondent and their husbands (47.92%) completed primary level of education and monthly im.onte of them was within 5000-10000 !aka in 39.17% (teases. Most of the respondent (78%) thought that breast milk was most safe food for baby and 82% knew what colostrum was. Only 35% of respondents acquired knowledge about breast feeding from donor and health workers and 32% of mothers thought supplementaty foods should start at the age of 3 months. but .19% of mothers started giving supplementary foods at age of 6 months. It was seen that among breast feed children 51% of them frequently felt sick. Majority of the respondent's children (33%) suffered from common cold and cough and 22% suffered front diarrhoea! diseases. Even after a huge mass publicities and mobilization for many years to promote exclusive breast feeding. only 27% mothers know the duration of exclusive breast-feeding correctly as 6 months. Thus it is obvious that there is a large knowledgesto-pradice gap.

scholarly journals The effect of the type of feeding on weight gain and illnesses in infants

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Dugdale
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Urban Families ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Breast Fed

1. The effects of breast-feeding and artificial feeding have been analysed for a group 250 infants from lower socio-economic, urban families in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.2. The factors considered were the ethnic group, the sex of the infant, the size and income the family and the type of milk fed. No infant in the study was given ‘non-milk’ feeds before the age of 40 weeks.3. The effects of these factors on the weight gains and the number of reported illnesses up to the age of 40 weeks have been analysed.4. At no time in the first 40 weeks did breast-fed infants gain weight significantly more rapidly than artificially fed infants. After the age of 20 weeks, artificially fed infants gained significantly more weight than breast-fed infants.5. The type of feeding had no statistically significant effect on the frequency of minor respira-tory or alimentary illnesses.6. In this community, the welfare of the family often depends on the earnings of the mother, who has to make the choice between breast-feeding and paid employment. In the group studied, breast-feeding appears to offer no advantages over artificial feeding. The principle guiding the Maternal and Child Health staff when advising the mother should be the welfare of the whole family.

Supplementary feeding in the maternity ward shortens the duration of breast feeding

1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1122-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
HK Blomquist ◽  
F. Jonsbo ◽  
F. Serenius ◽  
LÅ Persson
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Maternity Ward
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