scholarly journals Weaning practices and breast-feeding duration in Northern Thailand

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Jackson ◽  
Stella M. Imong ◽  
Lumduan Wongsawasdii ◽  
Adung Silprasert ◽  
Sakda Preunglampoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Large Household ◽  
Supplementary Foods ◽  
Breast Fed

Current infant feeding guidelines recommend exclusive breast-feeding until the infant is about 4 months old to reduce the risks of early termination of breast-feeding, undernutrition and infection. In many societies, however, supplementary foods are given well before 4 months of age. The present paper describes weaning practices, factors associated with early supplementation and the effects of supplementation on duration of breast-feeding in a random sample of sixty northern Thai breast-fed infants studied prospectively from birth to 2 years of age. Composition of supplementary foods, energy and protein intake from supplements and changes in the supplementary diet with increasing infant age are also described. Rice-based foods were given from soon after birth; 81% of the sample had received supplements by 6 weeks of age. Early supplementary feeding was significantly associated with rural residence, large household size, maternal employment in agriculture and maternal age. Girls and infants with lower birth weights tended to be supplemented earlier. Despite early feeding of supplements, breast-feeding was prolonged, with median duration of 12 months. Early introduction of supplements and quantity of supplements consumed in the first 3 months were not associated with duration of breast-feeding. However, mothers who gave infant formula as the first supplementary food stopped breast-feeding slightly earlier, as did younger mothers living in households with more children.Breast-feeding: Supplementary feeding: Weaning

Executive Summary

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

Domestic Although the rate of breast-feeding is increasing in the United States, it appears that the rate of increase has been much slower among less well educated and economically disadvantaged women. Relatively little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that affect the decisions to breast-feed or to stop if already breast-feeding. Breast-feeding does appear to decrease an infant's risk of gastrointestinal infection and otitis media. The effect of method of infant feeding on risk of other infections and allergic illness is less certain. International The rate of breast-feeding in developing countries appears to have declined, especially among urban women. Although some sociodemographic correlates of infant-feeding choice have been examined, little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that influence choice and duration of infant-feeding practices. Milk insufficiency, maternal employment, and pregnancy frequently are given as reasons for terminating breast-feeding. Rates of gastrointestinal illness are lower among breast-fed infants and when such illness is an important cause of death, infant mortality from this cause appears to be reduced. A randomized clinical trial carried out among high-risk infants found a significantly lower rate of infections among those given breast milk than those fed with infant formula. The evidence of the effect of breast-feeding on respiratory tract and other infections from other studies was less clear. Direct comparison of the growth of predominately breast-fed v artificially fed infants in the same populations from developing countries generally show faster growth for the breast-fed infants for the first 6 months of life. After 6 months, severe growth faltering occurs regardless of the method of feeding. In communities where the nutritional adequacy of supplementary foods is poor, breast milk is an extremely important, high-quality food during the second half of infancy and beyond.

Breast-feeding pattern in an urban Nigerian community

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbolahan A. Oni
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Negative Effect

SummaryThe paper examines the pattern of breast-feeding among women still in their prime childbearing ages (15–35 years) in Ilorin, the capital city of Kwara state in Nigeria. While breast-feeding is still a common practice among urban women, there is wide variation in the duration of breast-feeding depending on the socioeconomic characteristics of the mothers. Mother's education and father's education have very strong negative associations with duration of breast-feeding. Use of contraception also has a significant independent but negative effect on breast-feeding duration. Christians continue breast-feeding for shorter periods than Muslims. The introduction of supplementary feeding to the infant occurs in this population much earlier than is recommended by various authorities. The dangers inherent in this pattern of infant feeding are discussed.

scholarly journals The association of neonatal jaundice and breast-feeding

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Rulina Suradi ◽  
Esther H. Situmeang ◽  
Taralan Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Breast Fed

To examine the prevalence of jaundice in neonates and its association with breast-feeding, we studied 100healthy breast-fed baby boys during the first 3 - 5 days after birth, delivered in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This wasan analytical, cross-sectional study performed prospectively. The study was conducted from April, 1, 1999 to October 15,1999. Jaundice was detected in 94 out of 100 infants (94%). Breast-feeding jaundice was encountered in 26 infants (28%)namely infants whose bilirubin levels was >12 mg/dL by day 3 (CI 95% : 19;37%). Most infants showed bilirubin levels on daytwo, three and five of 6 – 10 mg/dL (62%), 6 – 10 mg/dL (35%) and 12 – 15 mg/dL (34%), respectively. Several factors foundto be contributing to the occurrence of breast-feeding jaundice included : a. breast-feeding frequency (r :- 0.83, p < 0.01), b.mean breast-feeding duration : infants breast-fed for more than 30 minutes have consequences its breast-feeding frequencywas less in compared with those breast-fed in less than 30 minutes. c. time of meconium passage (p< 0.05), meconiumpassage in the first hours after birth played an important part in reducing enterohepatic circulation, d. fecal weight (r =-0.87,p < 0.01), feces retained in the intestine its bilirubin would be deconjugated and reabsorbed subsequently . e. weight loss (p< 0.05). In 11 infants who received blue light therapy there were no abnormalities both in physical and laboratory examinations.

scholarly journals Relationship between breast-feeding and adiposity in infants and pre-school children

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1639-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamini Gopinath ◽  
Indhu Subramanian ◽  
Victoria M Flood ◽  
Louise A Baur ◽  
Natalie Pfund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
School Children ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Multivariable Adjustment ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to establish associations of duration of breast-feeding with mean BMI and waist circumference, as well as the likelihood of being overweight/obese, during early childhood.DesignCross-sectional, population-based study. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured and BMI calculated. Interviewer-administered questionnaire determined whether the child was ever breast-fed and the duration of breast-feeding.SettingSydney, Australia.SubjectsInfants and pre-school children (n 2092) aged 1–6 years were examined in the Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study during 2007–2009.ResultsOf the children aged 1–6 years, 1270 had been breast-fed compared with 822 who were never breast-fed. After multivariable adjustment, 1–6-year-old children who were ever breast-fed compared with those who were not had significantly lower BMI, 16·7 (se 0·1) kg/m2v. 17·1 (se 0·2) kg/m2 (P = 0·01). Decreasing BMI was associated with increasing duration of breast-feeding (Ptrend = 0·002). After multivariable adjustment, each month increase in breast-feeding was associated with an average BMI decrease of 0·04 kg/m2 (P = 0·002) and 0·03 kg/m2 (P = 0·03) among children aged 1–2 years and 3–4 years, respectively. In 1–2-year-old children, each month increase in breast-feeding duration was associated with a 0·06 cm decrease in waist circumference (P = 0·04). Significant associations were not observed among 5–6-year-old children. Children who were ever breast-fed v. those never breast-fed were less likely to be overweight/obese (multivariable-adjusted OR = 0·54; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·83).ConclusionsWe demonstrated a modest influence of breast-feeding on children's BMI during early childhood, particularly among those aged less than 5 years.

Factors associated with breast-feeding duration

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1121-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Lewis ◽  
Hazel M. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Feeding Duration

scholarly journals Feeding practices in early life and later intake of fruit and vegetables among Japanese toddlers: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitomi Okubo ◽  
Yoshihiro Miyake ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki ◽  
Keiko Tanaka ◽  
Yoshio Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractObjectiveA growing body of evidence from Western countries shows that infant feeding practices are associated with later childhood dietary habits, but little is known about these relationships in non-Western countries with different food cultures. We examined the association of breast-feeding duration and age at introduction of solid foods with later intake of fruit and vegetables among Japanese toddlers.DesignInformation on breast-feeding duration, age at introduction of solid foods and child’s intake frequency of fruit and vegetables were collected with a self-administered questionnaire at 16–24 months postpartum. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios of low intake (<1 time/d) of fruit or vegetables for each infant feeding practice.SettingJapan.SubjectsJapanese mother–child pairs (n 763) from a prospective birth cohort study.ResultsNeither breast-feeding duration nor age at introduction of solid foods was associated with fruit intake at 16–24 months of age. Breast-feeding duration, but not age at introduction of solid foods, was associated with later intake of vegetables. When breast-feeding duration was categorized into two groups with the cut-off at 6 months, children who were breast-fed for ≥6 months had a significantly decreased risk of low intake of vegetables (OR=0·53; 95 % CI 0·34, 0·84) than those breast-fed for <6 months. This association was independent of potential confounders including maternal education and maternal vegetable intake (OR=0·59; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·97).ConclusionsThis finding suggests that ≥6 months of breast-feeding may prevent low intake of vegetables in early childhood among Japanese toddlers.

scholarly journals Breast-feeding and weaning patterns in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Nuri M. Shembesh ◽  
Nura Naseb M. Balo ◽  
Ratan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Supplementary Foods

An interview survey of 200 mothers attending the emergency service of Al-Fateh Paediatric Hospital, Benghazi, showed that prelacteal feed was given to 18.5% of babies and breast-feeding was ever initiated in 90.5%. After three months exclusive breast-feeding was continued in less than 30%, mixed feeding in 44%-71% and supplementary feeding [with and without breast-feeding] in 65%-97%. Locally consumed food like fruit juice, vegetables, cooked rice and cereals and boiled eggs in mashed form were used as supplementary foods. No association was revealed between the type of feeding and childhood episodes of any illness, including diarrhoea or acute respiratory infection. Measures for prolonged breast-feeding, substitute artificial feeding [when indicated] and supplementary feeding are suggested

scholarly journals Breast-feeding at 12 months of age and dietary habits among breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Lande ◽  
Lene Frost Andersen ◽  
Marit B Veierød ◽  
Anne Bærug ◽  
Lars Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractObjective:To analyse factors associated with breast-feeding and use of sweetened drinks at 12 months, and to compare dietary habits among breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants.Design:Data were collected by a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire filled in by the parents.Setting:National dietary survey in Norway.Subjects:In total, 1932 12-month-old infants were included.Results:At 12 months, 36% of the infants were breast-fed. The odds of breast-feeding at this age were more than doubled both for mothers ≥35 years compared with mothers <25 years and for mothers in the highest educational group compared with mothers in the lowest. A negative association was found for maternal smoking, and the odds of breast-feeding were 40% lower for mothers who smoked than for non-smokers. Some dietary differences were observed between breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants apart from intake of milk. In particular, breast-fed infants had a significantly lower daily intake of sweetened drinks than non-breast-fed infants and a 16% lower mean daily intake of added sugars (P < 0.001). Furthermore, breast-fed infants had 30% higher odds of not receiving sweetened drinks daily, compared with non-breast-fed infants.Conclusions:Maternal age, education and smoking status were important factors for breast-feeding at 12 months. Breast-fed infants had lower intakes of sweetened drinks and added sugars than non-breast-fed infants. From a public health perspective, continued promotion of breast-feeding is needed to reduce inequalities in breast-feeding. Moreover, prevention of high intakes of sweetened drinks and added sugars should start in infancy.

scholarly journals Household food security and breast-feeding duration among Canadian Inuit

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E McIsaac ◽  
David C Stock ◽  
Wendy Lou
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Food Insecure Households ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractObjectiveThere have been few studies investigating the association between food security and breast-feeding duration and none have been conducted among Canadian Inuit, a population disproportionately burdened with food insecurity. We evaluated the association between household food security and breast-feeding duration in Canadian Inuit children.DesignData were obtained from the Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey, a population-based cross-sectional survey.SettingThe Canadian Territory of Nunavut in 2007 and 2008.SubjectsCaregivers of Inuit children aged 3–5 years. Participating children were randomly sampled from community medical centre lists.ResultsOut of 215 children, 147 lived in food-insecure households (68·4 %). Using restricted mean survival time models, we estimated that children in food-secure households were breast-fed for 16·8 (95 % CI 12·5, 21·2) months and children in food-insecure households were breast-fed for 21·4 (95 % CI 17·9, 24·8) months. In models adjusting for social class, traditional knowledge and child health, household food security was not associated with breast-feeding duration (hazard ratio=0·82, 95 % CI 0·58, 1·14).ConclusionsOur research does not support the hypothesis that children living in food-insecure households were breast-fed for a longer duration than children living in food-secure households. However, we found that more than 50 % of mothers in food-insecure households continued breast-feeding well beyond 1 year. Many mothers in food-secure households also continued to breast-feed beyond 1 year. Given the high prevalence of food insecurity in Inuit communities, we need to ensure infants and their caregivers are being adequately nourished to support growth and breast-feeding, respectively.

Breast-feeding duration and growth of fully breast-fed infants in a poor urban Chilean population

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Díaz ◽  
C Herreros ◽  
R Aravena ◽  
M E Casado ◽  
M V Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Chilean Population ◽  
Breast Fed
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