[Review of the history of the teaching of medicine in Arabic]

Islamic civilization had a prominent role, whether in the Islamic world, or its clear impact on the life of Europe, which was suffering from backwardness and ignorance. The Islamic civilization awakened it from its slumber and deep backwardness, through the its scientific achievements, and perhaps one of the most important roles was in the field of medical sciences, where Muslims took great care of the medicine industry at the beginning, from the search for the origin of the disease to treatment methods, and the establishment of institutions especially for its meridian and education, and the importance of this research lies in the definition of Arab-Islamic medicine, and its impact on Europe, especially that Westerners have claim the science has not developed for Muslims throughout the ages, and also aim through this research to track the development of medicine and the cultural and social movement in Islamic civilization in the Middle Ages and modernity.

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Perché I Medici Parlano Ancora Il Greco?

Classica Cracoviensia ◽

10.12797/cc.24.2021.24.07 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

Author(s):

Ioannis Petropoulos

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Arab World ◽

Greek Language ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Medical Texts ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Translation ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Nearly Continuous

Although the extraordinary progress in medicine since the 19th century has made Hippocrates and Galen irrelevant, Greek and Greek-derived terms continue to be used in the medical sciences today. The marked ability of the Greek language to form compounds facilitated the expansion of its medical lexicon. Greek medicine evolved far longer than its modern counterpart; its enduring cachet has lent it an atemporality. This article traces the main stages in the history of the nearly continuous reception of Greek medical nomenclature across more than two millennia. The process is shown to have been inseparable from the transmission and editing of Greek medical texts and their translation into Latin, Arabic, and eventually into vernacular languages. The article also sheds incidental light on the history of translation and transliteration in Europe and the Arab world.

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Formulasi Kepemimpinan Pendidikan (Perspektif Teori Kepemimpinan dalam Dokrtin Al-Qur’an)

JIEMAN: Journal of Islamic Educational Management ◽

10.35719/jieman.v1i1.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 23-40

Author(s):

Shoni Rahmatullah Amrozi

Keyword(s):

Arab World ◽

Bright Light ◽

Leadership Education ◽

Human Beings ◽

Health Food ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Islamic Civilization ◽

Political Economic ◽

Visionary Leader

Abstrak Ketika seluruh dunia tenggelam dalam arus kebohongan, hilangnya martabat manusia, jauh dari cahaya tauhid, dan komunitas sosial, politik, ekonomi, budaya dan agama, terutama ketika dunia Arab sangat rapuh dan gelisah, muncul seorang tokoh besar dalam sejarah panjang manusia. Dia membawa obor perubahan dari kegelapan menjadi cahaya terang dalam kehidupan. Dia memimpin masyarakat yang kacau menjadi masyarakat yang terbimbing dan terdidik, terlebih lagi membebaskan orang Arab dari politeisme menjadi monoteisme. Dia adalah Nabi Muhammad yang terkenal sebagai pembawa rahmatallil'alamin. Periode kepemimpinan Nabi Muhammad adalah cikal bakal pembentukan peradaban Islam. Krisis terbesar di dunia saat ini adalah krisis keteladanan. Krisis ini lebih kuat daripada krisis energi, kesehatan, makanan, transportasi dan air. Karena tidak adanya pemimpin visioner, kompeten, dan memiliki integritas tinggi maka masalah air, konservasi hutan, kesehatan, pendidikan, sistem peradilan, dan transportasi akan menjadi semakin parah. Akibatnya, semakin banyak biaya perawatan kesehatan yang sulit untuk dijangkau, manajemen transportasi semakin kacau, pendidikan kehilangan kesadaran akan karakter mulia yang berorientasi belas kasih, sungai dan air tanah semakin tercemar dan sampah menumpuk di mana-mana. Dalam hal ini, di antara masalah yang dialami oleh dunia Muslim, termasuk Indonesia, sebagai negara terbesar ketiga di dunia. Oleh karena itu, kepemimpinan Nabi Muhammad adalah tolak ukur yang harus diikuti oleh semua manusia dalam hal memproyeksikan pola kepemimpinan, karena kepemimpinan yang diajarkanya akan mengarahkan orang untuk menjadi pemimpin yang dihormati, dicintai dan diikuti oleh semua orang. Kata kunci: kepemimpinan, pendidikan, peradaban Islam Abstract At around the world drowned in a stream of lies, loss of human dignity, far from the light of monotheism, and the social, political, economic, cultural and religious communities, especially the Arab world is very fragile and apprehensive, appears a major figure in the history of all time. He carried the torch of transformation from darkness into bright light of life. He led a chaotic society into a society that guided and educated, moreover released the Arab from polytheism to monotheism. He is the Prophet Muhammad who is well known as a carrier rahmatallil'alamin. The period of the Prophet Muhammad's leadership is a forerunner to the formation of Islamic civilization. The biggest crisis in the world today is a crisis exemplary. The crisis is more powerful than the energy, health, food, transportation and water crisis. Due to the absence of a visionary leader, competent, and have high integrity then the problem of water, forest conservation, health, education, justice system, and transport will be more severe. As a result, more and more day health care costs increasingly difficult to affordable, transportation management increasingly chaotic, the education lose conscience of compassion-oriented noble character, rivers and ground water increasingly polluted and garbage piled up everywhere. Here, among the problems experienced by the Muslim world, including Indonesia, as part of the world's third largest. Therefore, the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad is the benchmark that must be followed by all human beings in terms of projecting the pattern of leadership, because the leadership taught by him will lead people to be leaders who are respected, loved and followed by all people. Keywords: leadership, education, Islamic civilization

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Political psychology

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2013.29582 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 154 (16) ◽

pp. 619-626

Author(s):

Mária Resch ◽

Tamás Bella

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Political Psychology ◽

Group Dynamics ◽

Political Institutions ◽

Cognitive Mapping ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Political Processes ◽

Behavioural Patterns ◽

Essential Components ◽

History Of

In Hungary one can mostly find references to the psychological processes of politics in the writings of publicists, public opinion pollsters, philosophers, social psychologists, and political analysts. It would be still important if not only legal scientists focusing on political institutions or sociologist-politologists concentrating on social structures could analyse the psychological aspects of political processes; but one could also do so through the application of the methods of political psychology. The authors review the history of political psychology, its position vis-à-vis other fields of science and the essential interfaces through which this field of science, which is still to be discovered in Hungary, connects to other social sciences. As far as its methodology comprising psycho-biographical analyses, questionnaire-based queries, cognitive mapping of interviews and statements are concerned, it is identical with the psychiatric tools of medical sciences. In the next part of this paper, the focus is shifted to the essence and contents of political psychology. Group dynamics properties, voters’ attitudes, leaders’ personalities and the behavioural patterns demonstrated by them in different political situations, authoritativeness, games, and charisma are all essential components of political psychology, which mostly analyses psychological-psychiatric processes and also involves medical sciences by relying on cognitive and behavioural sciences. This paper describes political psychology, which is basically part of social sciences, still, being an interdisciplinary science, has several ties to medical sciences through psychological and psychiatric aspects. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 619–626.

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The Kurds as parties to and victims of conflicts in Iraq

International Review of the Red Cross ◽

10.1017/s1816383108000143 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 89 (868) ◽

pp. 823-842 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Inga Rogg ◽

Hans Rimscha

Keyword(s):

Arab World ◽

Kurdistan Region ◽

Peaceful Settlement ◽

History Of ◽

Self Rule ◽

Uncertain Future ◽

Kurdish Question ◽

National Reconciliation ◽

Future Status ◽

Rare Opportunity

AbstractAfter decades of fighting and suffering, the Kurds in Iraq have achieved far-reaching self-rule. Looking at the history of conflicts and alliances between the Kurds and their counterparts inside Iraq and beyond its borders, the authors find that the region faces an uncertain future because major issues like the future status of Kirkuk remain unsolved. A federal and democratic Iraq offers a rare opportunity for a peaceful settlement of the Kurdish question in Iraq – and for national reconciliation. While certain groups and currents in Iraq and the wider Arab world have to overcome the notion that federalism equals partition, the Kurds can only dispel fears about their drive for independence if they fully reintegrate into Iraq and show greater commitment to democratic reforms in the Kurdistan Region.

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Form and History in Modern Arabic Poetics

10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.013.1206 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huda Fakhreddine

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Arab World ◽

Prose Poem ◽

Poetic Tradition ◽

Literary Traditions ◽

History Of ◽

The Rich ◽

The 1960S ◽

Fundamental Forces ◽

Modern Arabic

Modern Arabic poetic forms developed in conversation with the rich Arabic poetic tradition, on one hand, and the Western literary traditions, primarily English and French, on the other. In light of the drastic social and political changes that swept the Arab world in the first half of the 20th century, Western influences often appear in the scholarship on the period to be more prevalent and operative in the rise of the modernist movement. Nevertheless, one of the fundamental forces that drove the movement from its early phases is its urgent preoccupation with the Arabic poetic heritage and its investment in forging a new relationship with the literary past. The history of poetic forms in the first half of the 20th century reveals much about the dynamics between margin and center, old and new, commitment and escapism, autochthonous and outside imperatives. Arabic poetry in the 20th century reflects the political and social upheavals in Arab life. The poetic forms which emerged between the late 1940s and early 1960s presented themselves as aesthetically and ideologically revolutionary. The modernist poets were committed to a project of change in the poem and beyond. Developments from the qas̩īdah of the late 19th century to the prose poem of the 1960s and the notion of writing (kitābah) after that suggest an increased loosening or abandoning of formal restrictions. However, the contending poetic proposals, from the most formal to the most experimental, all continue to coexist in the Arabic poetic landscape in the 21st century. The tensions and negotiations between them are what often lead to the most creative poetic breakthroughs.

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New and modern history of the Arab world

10.46991/ysuph/9785808424159 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rouben Karapetyan

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

Historical Development ◽

Arab World ◽

Arab Countries ◽

Modern History ◽

The Past ◽

Wide Range ◽

History Of ◽

Key Issues ◽

Oriental Studies

The textbook covers the main events and developments in the recent history of the Arab world. The key issues of the past and present of the major Arab countries are examined. The general patterns, main stages and peculiarities of the historical development of these countries are presented. The work is designed for students of the faculties of “Oriental Studies”, “History” and “International Relations”, as well as wide range of readers interested in the history of the Arab world.

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Stranger Fictions

10.7591/cornell/9781501753060.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca C. Johnson

Keyword(s):

World Literature ◽

Arab World ◽

Central Place ◽

Arabic Literature ◽

The Novel ◽

Reading Practices ◽

Global Circulation ◽

Wide Range ◽

History Of ◽

Modern Arabic

Zaynab, first published in 1913, is widely cited as the first Arabic novel, yet the previous eight decades saw hundreds of novels translated into Arabic from English and French. This vast literary corpus influenced generations of Arab writers but has, until now, been considered a curious footnote in the genre's history. Incorporating these works into the history of the Arabic novel, this book offers a transformative new account of modern Arabic literature, world literature, and the novel. This book rewrites the history of the global circulation of the novel by moving Arabic literature from the margins of comparative literature to its center. Considering the wide range of nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century translation practices, the book argues that Arabic translators did far more than copy European works; they authored new versions of them, producing sophisticated theorizations of the genre. These translations and the reading practices they precipitated form the conceptual and practical foundations of Arab literary modernity, necessitating an overhaul of our notions of translation, cultural exchange, and the global. The book shows how translators theorized the Arab world not as Europe's periphery but as an alternative center in a globalized network. It affirms the central place of (mis)translation in both the history of the novel in Arabic and the novel as a transnational form itself.

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Typh fevers: a combination of Typhoid and Typhus

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v8i6.18270 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 40-41

Author(s):

Robin George Manappallil

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Similar Pattern ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Young Lady ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Rickettsial Infection ◽

History Of ◽

Typhus Fever

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi, while typhus fever is a rickettsial infection. In both cases the patients present with almost similar pattern of illness and are often misdiagnosed. This is the case of a young lady who presented with 10 days history of fever and was diagnosed to have typhoid fever. She continued to be febrile despite ceftriaxone therapy. She was later found to have a typhus coinfection and improved with addition of doxycycline.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(6) 2017 40-41

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The history of basilar artery occlusion: when art aids science

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20180030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 76 (5) ◽

pp. 355-357

Author(s):

Francisco Antunes Dias ◽

Daniel Giansante Abud ◽

Octavio Marques Pontes-Neto

Keyword(s):

Basilar Artery ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Reperfusion Therapy ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Basilar Artery Occlusion ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) ischemic stroke is a relatively rare condition with high morbidity and mortality rates. To date, the best acute reperfusion therapy for BAO has still not been established, mainly due to the lack of randomized controlled trials in this field. In this article, we review the history of BAO diagnosis and treatment, and the impact of modern technological resources on the clinical evolution and prognosis of BAO over time. Furthermore, we describe historical events and nonmedical literature descriptions related to BAO. We conclude that BAO is a singular example of how art may help medical sciences with accurate descriptions of medical conditions.

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