scholarly journals China s Special Economic Zones, Hainan Province New Free Trade Zone: Review of Policies that Minimize the Regional Gap

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Khalid Usman
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Zone ◽  
Hainan Province ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Regional Gap ◽  
Economic Zones

scholarly journals ZONA FRANCA DE MANAUS: uma revisão sistemática de impactos

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 202001
Author(s):  
Luiz Ricardo Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Free Trade Zone ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Tax Expenditures ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Economic Zones

MANAUS FREE TRADE ZONE: a systematic review of impactsZONA FRANCA DE MANAOS: una revisión sistemática de impactosRESUMOEmbora criada há mais de meio século, a Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM) tem sido objeto de um número relativamente escasso de análises de seus impactos econômicos e sociais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma revisão sistemática das principais estatísticas e dos principais resultados de trabalhos selecionados sobre o tema. Buscou-se identificar trabalhos que ultrapassam a descrição da evolução das variáveis por meio, por exemplo, do uso de contrafactuais, regressões econométricas ou modelos de equilíbrio geral. A análise é precedida por uma breve revisão da literatura sobre zonas econômicas especiais (ZEE). Os resultados indicam que i) a ZFM tem impactos positivos nos níveis de renda e de bem-estar em Manaus, ainda que essa conclusão não seja unânime; ii) não há evidências conclusivas de que a ZFM contribui para a preservação ambiental da Amazônia; iii) os gastos tributários da União dirigidos à ZFM são estimados em R$ 28,7 bilhões (mais de R$ 380 mil por emprego direto gerado); e iv) embora o foco das ZEE recaia, de modo geral, sobre as exportações, o caso da ZFM é, em grande medida, singular em razão de seu foco no mercado interno. A ZFM é, portanto, do ponto de vista legal e do ponto de vista prático, essencialmente uma política de desenvolvimento regional (e não uma política de incentivo às exportações) e as análises sobre o tema devem amparar-se nessa premissa.Palavras-chave: Zona Franca de Manaus; Zonas Econômicas Especiais; Impactos; Gastos Tributários; Políticas de Desenvolvimento Regional.ABSTRACTAlthough created more than half a century ago, the Manaus Free Trade Zone (MFTZ) has been subject of a relatively reduced number of analysis of its economic and social impacts. The aim of this work is to present a systematic review of the man statistics and of the main results of a number of selected works about this subject. We sought to identify studies that go beyond the description of the evolution of variables through, for example, the use of counterfactuals, econometric regressions or general equilibrium models. The analysis is preceded by a brief review of the literature on special economic zones (SEZ). The results indicate that i) the MFTZ has positive impacts on the levels of income and well-being in Manaus, although this conclusion is not unanimous; ii) there is no conclusive evidence that the ZFM contributes to the environmental preservation of the Amazon; iii) federal tax expenditures directed to the ZFM are estimated in R$ 28.7 billion (more than R$ 380 thousand for direct employment generated); and iv) although the focus of SEZ falls, in general, on exports, the case of MFTZ is largely unique due to its focus on the domestic market. The MFTZ is, therefore, both legally and in practice, essentially a regional development policy (and not an export incentive policy) and the analyzes on the subject must be based on this assumption.Keywords: Manaus Free Trade Zone; Special Economic Zones; Impacts; Tax Expenditures; Regional Development Policies.RESUMENAunque creada hace más de medio siglo, la Zona Franca de Manaos (ZFM) ha sido objeto de relativamente pocos análisis de sus impactos económicos y sociales. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una revisión sistemática de las principales estadísticas y de los principales resultados de trabajos seleccionados sobre el tema. Buscamos identificar trabajos que van más allá de la descripción de la evolución de las variables mediante, por ejemplo, el uso de contrafácticos, regresiones econométricas o modelos de equilibrio general. Además, presentamos una breve revisión de la literatura sobre las zonas económicas especiales (ZEE). Los resultados indican que i) la ZFM tiene impactos positivos en los niveles de ingresos y bienestar en Manaos, aunque esta conclusión no es unánime; ii) no hay evidencia concluyente de que la ZFM contribuya a la preservación ambiental de la Amazonía; iii) los gastos federales de impuestos dirigidos a la ZFM se estiman en BRL 28,7 mil millones (más de BRL 380 mil por empleo directo generado); y iv) aunque el enfoque de las ZEE recae, en general, en las exportaciones, el caso de la ZFM es en gran medida único debido a su enfoque en el mercado interno. La ZFM es, por lo tanto, desde un punto de vista legal y desde un punto de vista práctico, esencialmente una política de desarrollo regional (y no una política de incentivos a la exportación) y los análisis sobre el tema deben basarse en esta premisa.Palabras clave: Zona Franca de Manaos; Zonas Económicas Especiales; Impactos; Gastos de Impuestos; Políticas de Desarrollo Regional.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERSEPSI STAKEHOLDER TERKAIT IMPLEMENTASI KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS (KEK) VERSUS FREE TRADE ZONE (FTZ) DI KOTA BATAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Rikson Pandapotan Tampubolon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Free Trade Zone ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The City

This study aims to evaluate the free trade zone system that has been carried out with the planned implementation of special economic zones in Batam City. The economic downturn in the city of Batam has made stakeholders think again about the concept of free trade zone (ftz) or Free Port and Free Trade Zone. The FTZ concept is deemed no longer compatible with the current flow and competitiveness of change. For this reason, the central government offers the concept of special economic zones (KEK) to revive the passion of economic growth in this Industrial City. However, in the implementation there were many criticisms made by the community, especially businessmen who considered SEZ not to answer the problems that exist in Batam's economic growth. This study uses a qualitative approach to see each perception from stakeholders (stakeholders) to be a consideration in making decisions. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that it was important that all stakeholders would sit together to discuss the good about the economy. The government must prioritize a bottom-up approach to find solutions to problems regarding the polemic of the best economic system problems for Batam City.

Nationwide Regulatory Reform Starting from China’s Free Trade Zones

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Jie (Jeanne) Huang
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Free Trade Zones ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tax Holidays ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Trade And Investment

Before conducting profound reforms of the trade and investment legal framework, China often implements the reform on a small scale, generally in specified geographic zones as testing grounds. After these testing grounds generate fruitful results, the reform may be implemented nationwide. A typical example is the five special economic zones established in the 1980s. After the Cultural Revolution, the first round of Chinese regulatory reform in trade and investment took place in 1978. Led by the late Premier Deng Xiaoping, China implemented the opening-up policy. Deng established five special economic zones to attract foreign investment by allowing a greater role for individual autonomy and Western-style market forces. Lessons learned from the special economic zones were implemented nationwide. For example, the corporate Sino-foreign joint venture was first tested in special economic zones and, after it proved successful, was adopted nationwide. These zones are also the pioneers in China to use tax holidays to attract foreign investment and many regions in inland China followed their example. In the 1990s, special economic zones gradually ended their mission as testing grounds. Among all the regulatory reforms conducted in the free trade zones (FTZs), adopting a negative list to regulate the foreign investment market access is important, because it significantly departs from China’s long-time domestic practice and aims to bridge China’s investment law with high-standard international agreements. This chapter focuses on the negative list adopted by China’s FTZs to regulate access to foreign investment markets and explores its significance, analyses its insufficiencies, and proposes suggestions for improvement.

USING THE EXPERIENCE OF CHINA'S FREE ECONOMIC ZONES IN CREATING A FREE TRADE ZONE IN THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
M. V. MELANINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Free Trade Zone ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Economic Zones

The article shows and analyzes the experience of creating and operating FEZs in China and their importance for the development of the country's foreign economic activity and maintaining domestic economic dynamics. The role of the PRC in the SCO activities is presented. The main factors influencing the possibility of developing a consolidated trade zone within the SCO are shown.

scholarly journals KEK Law and Its Economic Implication

SIASAT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Salamuddin Daeng
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Economic Implication ◽  
Import Duty ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Free Port ◽  
Economic Zones

This article describes implications of Indonesia government policy regarding to Special Economic Zones in Batam. The pioneer of Special Economic Zones had been exist with the enforcement of constitution about free trade and free port. Facilities or convenience is a factor that will attract investors, through this facility, it is expected investors just simply come to the concern government to take care of all permits relating to the investment activities. On the other side, facilities or incentives provided by legislation to investors, such as privileges or special treatment in certain different outside SEZ areas, that is the tax holiday for a period of time, the suspension or exemption of import duty, including tax.

scholarly journals Study and Analysis of Special Economic Zones. Proposal for the Improvement of the Current Spanish Free Trade Zones

2016 ◽  
Vol XIX (2) ◽  
pp. 7-50
Author(s):  
Jesús Arteaga Ortiz ◽  
Pedro Ferrer Delgado ◽  
María José Miranda Martel ◽  
Jorge Riveras
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Free Trade Zones ◽  
Economic Zones

scholarly journals KEK Law and Its Economic Implication

SIASAT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Salamuddin Daeng
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Economic Implication ◽  
Import Duty ◽  
Special Economic Zones ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Free Port ◽  
Economic Zones

This article describes implications of Indonesia government policy regarding to Special Economic Zones in Batam. The pioneer of Special Economic Zones had been exist with the enforcement of constitution about free trade and free port. Facilities or convenience is a factor that will attract investors, through this facility, it is expected investors just simply come to the concern government to take care of all permits relating to the investment activities. On the other side, facilities or incentives provided by legislation to investors, such as privileges or special treatment in certain different outside SEZ areas, that is the tax holiday for a period of time, the suspension or exemption of import duty, including tax.

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