scholarly journals Effect of grater position on the size of grated sago (Metroxylon spp.)

Food Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-577
Author(s):  
Wan Mohd Fariz W.A. ◽  
Rosnah S. ◽  
Azman H. ◽  
Mohd Shahrir A. ◽  
Saiful Azwan A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Sago Palm

The natural arrangement of sago palm’s fiber orientation is parallel to the vertical axis of the trunk. Extraction of the sago starch requires breaking of the trunk into fine sizes. The sago size is affected by the grater position which affects the of starch recovery. This study was conducted to evaluate grating efficiency through sago size produced at the different direction of grating (0° and 90° to roller teeth rotation). Sago palm trunks without outer layer were cut into square blocks of 100 mm3 . Each trunk block was placed on roller grater platform at a different position where the cutting spike was parallel to the vertical axis of sago trunk fiber orientation (grating at 0° direction) and perpendicular (grating at 90° direction). 100 g of dry grated sago was sifted to determine the size distribution with different sieve sizes i.e. 2.80 mm, 2.00 mm, 1.00 mm, 0.85 mm and 0.425 mm. A total weight of 1 kg of grated sago was mixed with water and squeezed to be extracted. The starch recovery produced by the grating process at 0° directionswas 10.30% higher than 900 directions. The present study showed that the direction of grating at 0° was able to produce finer grated sago with maximum starch recovery.

On a new great theodolite to be used on the great trigonometrical survey of india, with a short note on the performance of a zenith-sector employed on the same work

1872 ◽  
Vol 20 (130-138) ◽  
pp. 372-374
Keyword(s):  
Short Note ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Vertical Circle ◽  
Horizontal Circle

Since my paper with the above title was read, it has occurred to me that some particulars as to the weight of the instrument might interest those engaged practically in Geodesical work. The following are the weights of the main parts as separated for carriage:— (1) Stand , with Levelling-apparatus complete ..... 108 (2) Iron Circle of Stand with 3 Centering-Screws ... 156 (3) Tribrach , with Horizontal Circle, Guard ditto, Vertical Axis, and Relieving-apparatus ....... 180 (4) Vertical-Axis Socket , with 5 Horizontal-Microscope arms, Elliptical Table, Pillars, 2 Azimuthal Levels, 2 Vertical ditto, 2 Vertical Microscopes, 2 Pointer ditto, Horizontal Tangent-Screw plates ........ 235 (5) Telescope , with Vertical Circle ........... 64 (6) Miscellaneous appliances and spare parts (about) ........ 130 Weight of Instrument ............................................ 873 (7) Aggregate weight of field packing-cases, assumed at 2/3 the weight of contents ... 582 Total weight of Instrument in field-cases ...................... 1455

scholarly journals Production by Lintnerization-Autoclaving and Physicochemical Characterization of Resistant Starch III from Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu rottb)

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwit Sri Werdi Pratiwi ◽  
Anil Kumar Anal ◽  
Surya Rosa Putra
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
La Protein ◽  
Emulsion Capacity ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu

Indonesia is one of the biggest central distributions of sago starch. There are some characteristics of sago starch which make it difficult to use in variation of foods. In this study, resistant starch type III (RS3) was produced from sago starch by using lintnerization-autoclaving (LA). Physicochemical characterizations of RS3 were compared by native sago starch (NA), hydrolyzed starch by distilled water (DW) and lintnerized starch (L). Amylose content decreased after hydrolyzed by DW and L, but increasing by using LA. Protein and fat contents decreased after hydrolysis, but crude fiber content increasing, the highest value was obtained lintnerized-autoclaved starch. Lintnerized-autoclaved starch has more compact and rigid structure. The RVA viscosity, swelling power and water holding capacity values reduced after all treatments. Oil in water emulsions were also analyzed by mixture of RS3 and emulsifier (casein or SPI). Viscosities of emulsions from RS casein were lower than those of RS-SPI. Emulsion capacity and emulsion stability values were better gotten using RS-SPI than RS-casein. The highest of emulsion capacity was obtained 11.33%. For storage period, the lowest peroxide and anisidine values of mixture RS-emulsifier were resulted from 5% emulsifier + 5% RS + 5% fish oil.

scholarly journals An Overview of The Traditional Use of Sago for Sago-based Food Industry in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Andi Patiware Metaragakusuma ◽  
Osozawa Katsuya ◽  
Hu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Ancient Times

<p>The use of sago had been practiced traditionally since ancient times by people who live in sago producing areas in Indonesia, and it had been able to gradually create sago-based food industry. As a result, sago has become an important raw material. Nevertheless, most sago-based food industry occurs naturally without an integrated comprehensive plan. The processing skills are inherited from the ancestors and handed down to the next generation continuously. In addition, there are many descriptions of the traditional way to prepare foods from sago. Surely, the wider utilization of sago can be a catalyst for rural industrial development. Thus, this paper is intended to deliver information about the diversity of traditional use of sago for sago-based food industry from all the major sago-producing areas in Indonesia in order to focus the farmers`, entrepreneurs’, and Indonesian government`s attention. It is predicted that sago demands in the future will increase. The sustainability of sago as a raw material for sago-based industry, however, will not be discussed in this paper. Further studies on that is needed</p><strong>Keywords:</strong>Sago-based food Industry, Sago Palm, Sago Starch, The use of Sago. <p> </p>

scholarly journals UJI LAPANG MESIN PENGOLAHAN SAGU PRODUKSI BENGKEL PERMESINAN AGROINDUSTRI UNIVERSITAS PAPUA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Darma Darma ◽  
Reniana Reniana ◽  
Arbianto Arif Moh.
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Extraction Capacity ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu ◽  
Starch Yield

Papua and West Papua Province have the large potential of sago palm (Metroxylon sagu), however, until now the production and utilization is very low compared with its potential. This is because of most farmers in this area still use traditional method in processing sago.  The traditional method is labour intensive and time consuming process.  Sago farmers in this area still apply traditional ways to process sago starch due to the lack of processing machines. The objective of this research was to conduct field testing of sago processing  machine produced by Agroindustry Machinery Workshop of Papua University. The machines that have been tested consist of cylinder type sago rasping machine and stirrer rotary blade sago starch extraction machine. The machine’s performance under field condition was evaluated by measuring parameters (a) rasping capacity, (b) extraction capacity, (c) starch percentage, (d) starch yield and (e) starch loss in waste. Results showed that all parts of the machine are functioning properly and farmers can easily operate the machine.  The performances of the machines under field condition were (a) rasping capacity 1,159. 8 kg/hour, (b) extraction capacity 243.8 kg/hour, (c) starch percentage 38.26 %, (d) starch yield 93 kg/hour   and (e) starch loss in waste 1.03 %.   Keywords: cylinder type, field test, rasping machine, sago processing, starch percentage

KONDISI LAHAN TUMBUHAN SAGU DI DESA RUMAHKAY KECAMATAN AMALATU KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT PROVINSI MALUKU

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Meilisa Nusawakan ◽  
Pieter Kunu ◽  
Marcus Luhukay
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Main Food ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu ◽  
Starch Production

This study aims to map the condition of land where sago plant grows, to determine the suitability level of sago plant land and to describe the potential of sago and sago consumption patterns by the community. The method used in this research is survey method with distance observation free survey and pit profile observation type. The condition of the land where sago plants grow is quite good. The types of sago found are sagu tuni (Metroxylon rumphii Mart.), Sagu Ihur (Metroxylon sylvestre Mart.) And sagu molat (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.). The size of sago palm in Rumahkay Village is 55.5 Ha, the average number of cutting trees (MT) 24 trees / Ha / yr with average production of wet starch per tree sebesr 700 kg. Total dry starch production at the study site was 449.55 tons. The pattern of community consumption of sago 10 percent, the combination of sago, tuber and banana by 20 percent, the combination of sago, tubers, bananas and rice by 55 percent and rice 10 percent. Types of confectionery and food based sago starch consumed is papeda, sago plate, sinoli and karu-karu. Frequency and time to eat sago as main food and food complement of 65% is as much as 2 times in a day that is time of morning and afternoon. Then 3 times as much as 25% and once as much as 10%. In general, people who consume sago once a day is at breakfast or afternoon in the form of snacks (sago plate, sinoli, karu-karu). Keywords: condition, land, sago   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan kondisi lahan tempat tumbuh tumbuhan sagu, menetapkan tingkat kesesuaian lahan tumbuhan sagu serta mendeskripsikan potensi sagu dan pola konsumsi sagu oleh masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan jarak observasi survei bebas dan tipe observasi profil pit. Kondisi lahan tempat tumbuh tumbuhan sagu tergolong baik. Jenis sagu yang ditemukan adalah sagu Tuni (Metroxylon rumphii Mart.), sagu Ihur (Metroxylon sylvestre Mart.) dan sagu Molat (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.). Luas lahan sagu di Desa Rumahkay adalah 55,5 Ha, rata-rata jumlah pohon masak tebang (MT) 24 pohon/Ha/thn dengan rata-rata produksi pati basah per pohon sebesr 700 kg. Total produksi pati kering pada lokasi penelitian adalah 449,55 ton. Pola konsumsi masyarakat terhadap sagu 10 persen, kombinasi sagu, umbian dan pisang sebesar 20 persen, kombinasi sagu, umbian, pisang dan beras sebesar 55 persen serta beras 10 persen. Jenis penganan dan pangan berbahan dasar pati sagu yang dikonsumsi adalah papeda, sagu lempeng, sinoli dan karu-karu. Frekwensi dan waktu makan sagu sebagai pangan utama maupun pangan pelengkap sebesar 65% adalah sebanyak 2 kali dalam sehari yaitu waktu pagi dan siang. Kemudian 3 kali sebanyak 25% dan satu kali sebanyak 10%. Pada umumnya mereka yang mengkonsumsi sagu satu kali dalam sehari adalah pada saat sarapan pagi atau sore hari dalam bentuk penganan (sagu lempeng, sinoli, karu-karu). Kata kunci: kondisi, lahan, sagu

Modifications of Biodegradable Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) From Sago Starch via Cross-Linking Method

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Yusriah Lazim ◽  
Abdul Baith Abu Hanafi ◽  
Mohd Syazwan Adura ◽  
Siti Afifah Muda ◽  
Lily Suhaila Yacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Starch Modification ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Plant Sources

The increasing amount of synthetic plastic waste has contributed to environmental problems worldwide. As an alternative to synthetic plastics, thermoplastic starch (TPS) has been used for many applications, especially packaging application, since TPS provides good biodegradation and ease of disposal and reducing the consumption of petroleum. However, TPS tends to experience loss in mechanical properties and stability due to retrogradation of the starch. Modification of starch is often carried out to overcome this shortcoming in TPS. TPS can be made of various type of starch from various plant sources such as corn, cassava, rice, and potato. Sago starch is a plant-based starch that originates from the sago palm tree. The chapter aims to give a short literature overview on the sago starch, issues related to starch and thermoplastic starch, modification of sago starch via crosslinking method, properties of crosslinked sago starch, and limitation and opportunities of modification of sago starch via crosslinking method.

scholarly journals Inclusion Modification in C104Cr Saw Wire Steel with Different Cerium Content

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Meng Sun ◽  
Zhouhua Jiang ◽  
Changyong Chen ◽  
Kui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Distribution Diagram ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Cerium Content ◽  
Inclusion Modification ◽  
Wire Steel ◽  
Element Mapping

In the present study, the effect of cerium content in the range of 0~0.0676% on oxygen and sulfur content, as well as the quantity, size, distribution, and type of inclusions in C104Cr saw wire steel, were investigated using thermodynamic analysis, metallographic examination, SEM-EDS, and component analysis. The results showed that conducting a vacuum carbon pre-deoxidization process is helpful in preventing the formation of Ce2O3 inclusions in a smelting experiment, and cerium has a beneficial effect in terms of modifying inclusions. When the content of cerium in steel is 0.0136% or 0.0277%, the main inclusions in the steel are Ce2O2S and CeS, and when the content of cerium is 0.0389% or above, the inclusions in the steel are Ce2O2S, CeS, Ce–S–O–P(As), Ce–O–P, and Ce–P(As). The calculation of the segregation model showed that the precipitation of CeP and CeAs in steel takes place at the end of solidification. According to the element mapping distribution diagram of Ce–S–O–P(As) and the layered Ce–O–P inclusions found in steel with high cerium content, two possible mechanisms for the formation of Ce2O3 inclusions distributed in the outer layer of cerium composite inclusions are proposed. The first mechanism suggests that Ce2O3 inclusions are generated from the combination of [Ce] and [O] directly, and the second suggests that Ce2O3 is the product of an oxidization reaction after the formation of CeP.

scholarly journals Komposisi dan distribusi ukuran hasil tangkapan sampingan bubu ekor kuning di Perairan Kepulauan Seribu

DEPIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-524
Author(s):  
Mokhamad Dahri Iskandar ◽  
Sugeng Hariwisudo ◽  
Budi Hascaryo Iskandar ◽  
Mulyono S Baskoro
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Target Species ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Composition Ratio ◽  
Stock Depletion

Bycatch is non-target species which mostly caught at fishing operation. High quantity of bycatch mortality was predicted as one factor of fish stock depletion. Additionally, the high demand to improve fisheries production will be able to lead over fishing. This situation will affect improvement of bycatch and discarded species which will endanger the fish stock. The objective of this research was to identify bycatch composition, ratio between target species and bycatch and size distribution of dominant bycatch at yellow tail fishing operation in Seribu Islands. The research was carried out at Seribu Islands on July-August 2020. The fishing activity used pot with size length x width x height : 100 x 75 x 32.5 cm. Result of research indicated that yellow tail pot bycatch was dominated by brownstripe snapper (Lutjanus vitta) with catch amount of 330 fishes ( 15.9% of total catch) and weight of 50,861 kg (11.5% of total catch weight) followed by squirrelfishes (Sargocentron rubrum) with catch amount of 324 fishes (15.6 % of total catch) and weight of 51,181 kg (11.6%). Another dominant bycatch was striped spinecheek (Scolopsis margaritiferus) with catch amount of 289 fishes (13.9% of total catch) and weight of 40,042 kg (9.1% of total weight). Ratio of target of catch : bycatch in weight was 42.6% : 57.4%. It means, to catch 1 kg of yellow tail there will be caught 1.7 kg bycatch. Total length size of brownstripe snapper at range of 12-27 cm, squirrelfishes at range of 9-27 cm and striped spinecheek at range of 11-29 cm.Keywords:BycatchPotDiscard speciesYellow tailCatch compositionABSTRAKHasil tangkapan sampingan merupakan spesies hasil tangkapan non target yang relatif tinggi tertangkap pada operasi penangkapan. Tingginya jumlah kematian hasil tangkapan sampingan diduga menjadi salah satu penyebab menurunnya stok sumberdaya ikan di seluruh penjuru dunia. Adanya permintaan yang tinggi untuk meningkatkan produksi perikanan dapat memicu peningkatan upaya penangkapan secara berlebihan. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan hasil tangkapan sampingan akan meningkat dengan meningkatnya upaya penangkapan sehingga membahayakan stok dan populasi sumberdaya ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi hasil tangkapan sampingan, rasio antara hasil tangkapan utama dengan hasil tangkapan sampingan dan ukuran hasil tangkapan sampingan dominan yang tertangkap pada operasi penangkapan ikan ekor kuning di Perairan Kepulauan Seribu. Penelitian dilakukan di Perairan Kepulauan Seribu pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2020 dengan menggunakan bubu ekor kuning (ukuran p x l x t : 100 x 75 x 32,5 cm). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil tangkapan sampingan bubu ekor kuning didominasi oleh ikan kakap (Lutjanus vitta) dengan total jumlah hasil tangkapan mencapai 330 ekor ( 15,9%) dengan total bobot mencapai 50.861 kg (11,5%) disusul oleh ikan swanggi (Sargocentron rubrum) mencapai 324 ekor (15,6 %) dengan total bobot hasil tangkapan sebesar 51.181 kg (11,6%) dan ikan serak (Scolopsis margaritiferus) dengan jumlah hasil tangkapan mencapai 289 ekor (13,9%) dan bobot sebesar 40.042 kg (9,1%) dari total bobot hasil tangkapan bubu ekor kuning. Proporsi bobot hasil tangkapan utama dibanding dengan hasil tangkapan sampingan adalah 42,6% : 57,4%. Hal ini berarti untuk menangkap 1 kg ekor kuning maka akan tertangkap 1,354 kg hasil tangkapan sampingan. Ukuran hasil tangkapan sampingan dominan yang tertangkap pada bubu ekor kuning meliputi ikan kakap yang tertangkap pada selang ukuran panjang total 12-27 cm, ikan swanggi dengan selang ukuran panjang total berkisar 9-27 cm dan ikan serak dengan selang ukuran panjang total berkisar antara 11-29 cm.Kata kunci:Hasil tangkapan sampinganBubuDiscard spesiesIkan ekor kuningKomposisi hasil tangkapan

scholarly journals SPATIAL STATISTICS FOR ESTIMATING SAGO STOCK IN WEST PAPUA, INDONESIA = Statistika Spasial untuk Estimasi Stok Sagu di Papua Barat, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Mubekti .
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Papua Barat

Sagu sawit adalah salah satu Genus Metroxylon dari keluarga Palmae , yang mengakumulasi sejumlah besar pati di batangnya. Sebagai sumberdaya makanan bertepung, sagu bisa menjadi peran penting sehubungan dengan kemungkinan kekurangan pangan di dunia di masa depan. Sagu sawit adalah tanaman tropis yang tidak hanya tumbuh di lahan kering, tetapi juga tumbuh dengan adaptasi yang tinggi terhadap lahan basah seperti rawa air tawar, rawa gambut ataubrakish. Asal-usul sagu diyakini membentang dari Maluku dan Papua dari Indonesia ke New Guinea. Namun, perhatian untuk mengeksplorasi penyebaran dan potensi sagu belum dilakukansecara memadai di Papua. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan metode statistik spasial untuk pemetaan dan memperkirakan saham sagu di Inanwatan District, Kabupaten SorongSelatan, Papua Barat. Kerangka sampling area berupa metode segmen persegi yang diterapkan untuk memperkirakan stok sagu, yang melibatkan beberapa tahapan, yaitu, (1) Stratifikasi daerahpenelitian dengan menggunakan resolusi tinggi dari data satelit, (2) Desain survei kerangka sampel, (3) Survei lapangan untuk truthing tanah, dan (4) analisis data. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa totaldaerah penelitian adalah 13.315 ha terdiri dari 2.892 ha hutan non - sagu dan 10,423 ha hutan sagu. Hutan sagu dibagi menjadi 3 strata, yaitu kepadatan rendah, kepadatan sedang, dan kepadatantinggi, yang memiliki luas wilayah 630 ha, 392 ha, dan 9.401 ha. Populasi sagu matang di kepadatan rendah , kepadatan sedang , dan kepadatan tinggi 22,680 berdiri , 32,928 berdiri , dan 549,018berdiri sebesar 4.930 ton , 7,226 ton , dan 109,044 ton pati sagu , masing-masing. Sehingga , total saham sagu di daerah penelitian adalah seluruh 121,200 ton pati sagu. Kata Kunci : statistik spasial, area kerangka sampling, penginderaan jauh, sagu sawitAbstractSago palm is one of Genus Metroxylon belonging to Family Palmae, that accumulates a huge amount of starch in its stem.As invaluable resouces of starchy food, sago palm could be an important role inrespect to possible food shortage in the world in future. Sago palm is a tropical plant which not only grows in the dry lands but also grows with high adaption to low-lying wetlands such as fresh waterswamp, peat swamp or brakish water. The origin of sago palm is believed to be the area extending from Moluccas, and Papua of Indonesia to New Guinea. However, the attention to explore spreadand potential of sago stock has not been done adequately in Papua. The Objective of this study is to develop spatial statistics method for mapping and estimating sago stock in Inanwatan District,Sorong Selatan Regency, West Papua. Area frame sampling of square segment method is applied for estimating sago stock, which involves some stages, i.e., (1) Stratification of study area by usinghigh resolution of satellite data, (2) Design of sample frame survey, (3) Field survey for ground truthing, and (4) Data analysis. The Results show that the total of study area is 13,315 ha consistedof 2,892 ha non-sago forest and 10.423 ha sago forest. Sago forest is divided into 3 strata, namely low density, medium density, and high density, which has area of 630 ha, 392 ha, and 9,401 harespectively. The population of ripe sago palm in low density, medium density, and high density are 22.680 stands, 32.928 stands, and 549.018 stands equal to 4.930 tons, 7.226 tons, and 109.044 tonsof sago starch, respectively. So that, the total sago stock in the whole study area is 121.200 tons of sago starch. Keywords: spatial statistics, area frame sampling, remote sensing, sago palm

scholarly journals The physical digestion of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) in the foregut of sheep

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Moseley ◽  
J. R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Once Daily

1. Sheep were fed once daily with 300 or 600 g dried perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or white clover (Trifolium repens). Total rumen contents were sampled once daily at various intervals up to 24 h after feeding for 6 d.2. Total weight of fresh rumen contents and dry matter (DM), organic matter and particulate matter concentrations were measured and the particle size distribution of rumen contents was analysed using a wet sieving technique.3. There was a similar exponential loss of DM from the rumen with time after feeding for both perennial ryegrass and white clover. The rate of DM disappearance during the first 3 h after feeding was ten times greater for the higher intake and seven times greater for the lower intake than during the subsequent 21 h. The percentage of particulate material disappearingduring the first 3 h was greater for white clover (57% )than for perennial ryegrass (49%).4. Particle size distribution analysis of rumen contents showed that the most rapid rate of particle size reduction occurred during the first 3 h after feeding. Despite a rapid rate of breakdown there was no increase in the total weight of small particles in the rumen.5. The rate of reduction in particle size during this period was greater for white clover than perennial ryegrass.6. Microscopic examination of rumen particles showed a difference in particle geometry between white clover and perennial ryegrass which appeared to be related to anatomical features of the plant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document