scholarly journals An osteological study of distal end of femur in adult south Indian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Ashwini N S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Intercondylar Notch ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Notch Width ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intercondylar Notch Width

Background: Need for the study: Anthropometric studies across different population groups have exhibited significant difference between races. Hence the usage of implant for total knee arthroplasty has to be gender specific and race specific. This study was undertaken to analyse the morphometry of distal end of femur in South Indian population. Aims and objectives: To analyse the morphometry of distal end of femur and to study the anteroposterior dimensions of condyles of femur, bicondylar width, intercondylar notch width. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 150 femur (80 right and 70 left) obtained from Department of Anatomy of a private medical college. Measurements of anteroposterior dimensions of condyles of femur, bicondylar width, intercondylar notch width were taken using a sliding calipers. Conclusions: In the present study, mean Bicondylar width noted in the present study is 72.63 ±4.13 mm on the right side and 71.25±3.14mm on the left side The mean intercondylar width observed is 21.27±4.18mm on the right side and 20.35±2.14mm on the left side. There was no statistically significant differences observed in the values of anteroposterior length of medial and lateral condyles, bicondylar width, intercondylar width between right and left sides. The results of the study has application in the field of biomedical engineering to design knee implants specific for South Indian population.

scholarly journals Formation of Perioesophageal Plexus Gulae and Anterior and Posterior Vagal Trunks in South Indian Population : A morphological study

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-006
Author(s):  
Amudha Govindarajan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Medical College ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Autopsy Specimens ◽  
Madras Medical College ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus

Abstract Background and Aim of the study: Vagus the wanderer is the tenth cranial nerve with long extra cranial course. Below the bifurcation of trachea, the right and left vagi form plexus around the oesophagus before they enter the abdomen as anterior and posterior vagal trunks. There are variations in the contribution by the right and left vagi for the formation of oesophageal plexus and according to Chamberlin and Winship there are three different patterns in the formation of peri oesophageal plexus. The present study was aimed to study the formation of perioesophageal plexus, incidence of different patterns of peri oesophageal plexus in south Iudian population and the number of vagal trunks formed from the oesophageal plexus in the lower end of the oesophagus. Materials and Methods : The formation of perioesophageal plexus Gulae was studied in forty four autopsy specimens of oesophagus and stomach and six foetal specimens at Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College, Chennai. Results : The formation of perioesophageal plexus and the number of fibres from the right and left vagus nerves which contribute to the plexus formation were studied. There were significant differences in the formation of plexus Gulae. There were variations in the pattern of perioesophageal plexus and the number of vagal trunks arising from the plexus. The results of the present study in South Indian population were compared with the results in the Western population. Conclusions : Awareness regarding the presence of plexus Gulae and number of vagal trunks related to lower end of oesophagus has considerable importance in the surgical repair of hiatus hernia and while treating atrial fibrillation.

scholarly journals Study of clavicle : length and curvatures in South Indian population

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
R. Sudha
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Lateral Angle ◽  
Medical College ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background and aim of the study: The clavicle is a subcutaneous bone most frequently fractured at the junction of its lateral and middle third of the shaft. Anatomical variations of the curvatures of clavicle can be of relevance for surgical correction procedures like intramedullary or internal plate fixation. The aim of the present study was to observe variations of length and medial and lateral angles of curvatures of the clavicle in a sample of South Indian population. Materials and methods: One hundred and thirteen unpaired clavicles (50 left side, 63 right side) of unknown sex and age were studied from the bone collection available at Anatomy departments of Annapoorana Medical College, Vinayaka Mission's Medical and Homeopathy Colleges, Salem. To measure the angles, Parsons method and a protractor was used. Length of the clavicle was measured with a Vernier Calipers. Observation: The average length of the clavicle was found to be 13.74cm left side and 13.76cm on the right side. The average medial angle of the clavicle on the left side is 146° and right side is147.5°. The average lateral angle on the left side is 144° and right side is 142.05°.The total average angle of the clavicle is 290.30° on left side and 289.59° on right side. Conclusion: The average length of the clavicle on the right side is more than the left side. The medial angle on the right side and the lateral angle on left side are more than corresponding opposite sides. These variations can be useful for the orthopaedic surgeons during the surgical correction procedures of clavicle fractures.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Humerus Length by its Proximal Segments: A South Indian Anatomical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 067-071
Author(s):  
Kasargod Umesh Prashanth ◽  
Mangala Manohar Pai ◽  
Bukkambudhi Virupakshamurthy Murlimanju ◽  
Latha Venkatraya Prabhu ◽  
Manoor Dass Prameela
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
The South ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Best Parameter ◽  
The Right

Introduction To determine the morphometric data of the proximal segments of the humerus in the South Indian population, and to obtain the regression equations that will enable us to predict the whole length of humerus. Materials and Methods The present study included 166 dried adult human humeri. Their lengths were measured by using the osteometric board. The seven proximal segment lengths of the humeri were assessed by using a digital Vernier caliper (Mitutoyo Corporation 150 mm/6 inch, model number 500-196-20, Kawasaki, Japan). Results The mean humerus length in the present study was 30.75 ± 2.03 cm on the right side and 30.27 ± 2.28 cm on the left side. The comparison between the right and left sides of the proximal segments of the humerus did not yield statistically significant results (p > 0.05). The present study observed that the relationship between the dimensions of the proximal segments of the humerus and the length of humerus were strong (p = 0.00). The oblique length between the most proximal and distal points over the anatomical neck was the best parameter to predict the length of humerus (the Pearson coefficient was 0.78 for the right side and 0.77 for the left side). Conclusion The simple regression formulae, which were derived in this study, are helpful in the estimation of the length of the humerus. The formulae can be used in forensic investigations, in which the stature of a person has to be determined and only bone fragments are available. The morphometric data of the present study have implications in archaeological and anthropological studies. The data are enlightening to orthopedicians, when planning reconstructive surgeries of the proximal end of the humerus in the South Indian population.

scholarly journals The Effect of The Intercondyler Notch Width Index on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0020
Author(s):  
Cemile Ayşe Görmeli ◽  
Gökay Görmeli ◽  
Yağmur Burak Öztürk ◽  
Zeynep Özdemir ◽  
Ayşegül Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Intercondylar Notch ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Notch Width ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intercondylar Notch Width ◽  
Notch Width Index

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship of the intercondylar notch width with unilateral and bilateral ACL injury by using MR images. Methods: The intercondylar notch width index was measured on the MR images of 18 patients with a bilateral ACL injury, 38 patients with a unilateral ACL injury and 53 healthy subjects with a normal ACL and the results of all groups were compared with each other. Results: The mean NWI values were 0.227 (±0.008) in bilateral injured; 0.245 (±0.009) in unilateral injured and 0.272 (±0.01) in control groups and 0.251(±0.01) in unaffected side of the unilateral group. There were statistically significant differences in intercondylar notch width index (NWI) values between all groups and there was a significant difference between the affected and the unaffected sides in group with unilateral ACL injury. A cutoff value of 0.25 for NWI gave an odds ratio of 26.5 for bilateral and 3.23 for unilateral ACL injuries. Conclusion: The finding that NWI is significantly narrowed in patients with bilateral and unilateral ACL tears compared with the healthy controls suggest a relationship between a narrow NWI and an increased risk of ACL injury. The patients with a narrow NWI should also be screened contralaterally for assessment of ACL injury risk on the other knee. So, specialized training programmes for the people with narrow NWI can be prepared for preventing ACL injuries.

scholarly journals Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Magnum for Sex Determination in South Indian Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Radhakrishna S. K. ◽  
Shivarama C. H. ◽  
Ramakrishna A. ◽  
Bhagya B.
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Metric Analysis ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Oval Shape

AbstractIn this study the foramen magnum was analyzed for sex differences using standard osteometric techniques.We analyzed 100 (55 males and 45 females) skulls from the department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College which were in good condition with a record of sex. The cranial base was visually assessed for foramen magnum shape. Morphometry (anteroposterior diameter (APD)& Transverse diameter (TD)) was determined and their differences by gender (p <0.05) were ascertained.Oval shape was the most common followed by round, tetragonal and pentagonal in both sex. The results demonstrated that sexual dimorphism is present in the foramen magnum. APD and TD were higher in male skulls than females (34.04 vs 31.72 and 28.63 vs 26.59).In incomplete skeletons, metric analysis of the foramen magnum may provide a statistically useful indication as to sex of the unknown skull.

scholarly journals Occipital Emissary Foramina in South Indian Modern Human Skulls

ISRN Anatomy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suruchi Singhal ◽  
Roopa Ravindranath
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Medical College ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Cranial Venous Sinuses ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intracranial Infections

An occipital emissary foramen has been traditionally described as a foramen present in the squamous part of the occipital bone at the occipital protuberance transmitting a vein that connects the confluence of sinuses with the occipital vein. The present study was done on 221 South Indian adult modern human skulls of unknown sex in the Department of Anatomy, St John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India. The foramen was observed in 21/221 (9.50%) skulls, 6/21 (28.57%) to the right of, 10/21 (47.61%) to the left of, and 2/21 (9.52%) on the External Occipital Crest. It was seen more often near the posterior margin of foramen magnum rather than at the External Occipital Protuberance as has been traditionally described. A new finding is that bilateral foramina were observed in 3 skulls (14.28%). The incidence was higher than seen in other Indian population. Since it is present near the foramen magnum in most cases, knowledge of the number and position of the foramen is important for suboccipital craniotomies. The extensive connections of the veins with cranial venous sinuses may lead to intracranial infections and vice versa.

scholarly journals Regression analysis for estimation of tibial length using dimensions of its distal end - A South Indian population study

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 064-070
Author(s):  
Sarala Devi KV ◽  
Udhaya K.
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Medial Malleolus ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Normal Human

Abstract Aim of study: Estimation of length of bone is an important method used to assess stature of an individual in forensic anthropology. Our study is aimed at estimation of length of tibia from the dimensions of its distal end and so an attempt has been made to look into the accuracy of correlation between the length and dimensions of distal end of tibia in south Indian population. Materials and methods: A collection of 270 dried adult normal human tibias of both sexes from the Department of Anatomy, Vinayaka Mission's Kirupanandha Variyar Medical College, Annapoorana Medical College and Vinayaka Mission's Homeopathy Medical College, Salem were included in this study. The length of tibia was measured using osteometric board. Height and width of fibular notch, height and width of medial malleolus, length and width of talar facet were measured using digital Vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was carried out to find out the correlation between the length and dimensions of distal end of tibia. Results : All the parametric variables showed positive correlation with the length of tibia. Regression equations were derived from stepwise analysis with different models. The equations derived showed moderate correlation with relatively low accuracy. Conclusion : These equations may be cautiously used to estimate length of tibia approximately when there are only distal fragments of bone is available for examination.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study on Supratrochlear Foramen of Human Humerus and its Clinical Significance - A Review.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1197-1207
Author(s):  
Lalita BT ◽  
Yuvaraj Maria Francis ◽  
Balaji K ◽  
Gunapriya Raghunath ◽  
Kumaresan M
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Lesion ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Lateral Epicondyle ◽  
Inferior Margin ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The lower end of humerus has numerous fossae which play a significant role during extreme movements. Coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa are separated by a delicate supratrochlear septum; occasionally septum has perforation and form an aperture, named as Supratrochlear foramen (STF). The knowledge of this foramen will be beneficial for anatomists, anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists. The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence and morphometry of STF of the humerus in South Indian population and to correlate with the previous studies. The present prospective study was carried out with 274 (146 left sided + 127 right sided) dried humeri of unknown sex and age. The distal humeri were examined for the presence of STF, morphometry such as diverse shapes, vertical and horizontal diameters, and distance from STF to medial, lateral epicondyle and also to the inferior margin of trochlea using digital vernier caliper. In the present study, out of 274 dried humeri, 69 showed presence of STF, 163 were translucent and 42 were opaque. The prevalence of STF was 25.18%. After keen observation, shapes of the STF were categorized accordingly. The oval (42%) showed higher percentage whereas the other shapes showed as follows: - irregular (12%), round (19%), rectangular (12%), reniform (9.7%), sieve (7.3%) and triangular (2%). The mean vertical and transverse diameters of STF on the right side were 3.12 ± 1.09 and 5.5 ± 1.83mm and on the left side, it was 3.47± 1.32 and 4.9± 1.5mm respectively. The mean distance from STF to medial and lateral epicondyle on the right side was 25.12± 3.1 and 28.09± 2.3mm and for the left side 24.97± 2.9mm and 27.16± 2.4mm respectively. The anatomical knowledge regarding the supratrochlear foramen is much promising for the orthopaedic surgeons during intramedullary nailing for supracondylar fracture of humerus. STF appears as a radiolucent area in radiographs, which may pose a difficulty for the radiologist in differentiating it from an osteolytic or cystic lesion. In addition, STF is predominantly found in the primates, it may act an evolutionary link between the humans and lower animals.

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