scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study on Supratrochlear Foramen of Human Humerus and its Clinical Significance - A Review.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1197-1207
Author(s):  
Lalita BT ◽  
Yuvaraj Maria Francis ◽  
Balaji K ◽  
Gunapriya Raghunath ◽  
Kumaresan M
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Lesion ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Lateral Epicondyle ◽  
Inferior Margin ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The lower end of humerus has numerous fossae which play a significant role during extreme movements. Coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa are separated by a delicate supratrochlear septum; occasionally septum has perforation and form an aperture, named as Supratrochlear foramen (STF). The knowledge of this foramen will be beneficial for anatomists, anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists. The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence and morphometry of STF of the humerus in South Indian population and to correlate with the previous studies. The present prospective study was carried out with 274 (146 left sided + 127 right sided) dried humeri of unknown sex and age. The distal humeri were examined for the presence of STF, morphometry such as diverse shapes, vertical and horizontal diameters, and distance from STF to medial, lateral epicondyle and also to the inferior margin of trochlea using digital vernier caliper. In the present study, out of 274 dried humeri, 69 showed presence of STF, 163 were translucent and 42 were opaque. The prevalence of STF was 25.18%. After keen observation, shapes of the STF were categorized accordingly. The oval (42%) showed higher percentage whereas the other shapes showed as follows: - irregular (12%), round (19%), rectangular (12%), reniform (9.7%), sieve (7.3%) and triangular (2%). The mean vertical and transverse diameters of STF on the right side were 3.12 ± 1.09 and 5.5 ± 1.83mm and on the left side, it was 3.47± 1.32 and 4.9± 1.5mm respectively. The mean distance from STF to medial and lateral epicondyle on the right side was 25.12± 3.1 and 28.09± 2.3mm and for the left side 24.97± 2.9mm and 27.16± 2.4mm respectively. The anatomical knowledge regarding the supratrochlear foramen is much promising for the orthopaedic surgeons during intramedullary nailing for supracondylar fracture of humerus. STF appears as a radiolucent area in radiographs, which may pose a difficulty for the radiologist in differentiating it from an osteolytic or cystic lesion. In addition, STF is predominantly found in the primates, it may act an evolutionary link between the humans and lower animals.

scholarly journals Formation of Perioesophageal Plexus Gulae and Anterior and Posterior Vagal Trunks in South Indian Population : A morphological study

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-006
Author(s):  
Amudha Govindarajan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Medical College ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Autopsy Specimens ◽  
Madras Medical College ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus

Abstract Background and Aim of the study: Vagus the wanderer is the tenth cranial nerve with long extra cranial course. Below the bifurcation of trachea, the right and left vagi form plexus around the oesophagus before they enter the abdomen as anterior and posterior vagal trunks. There are variations in the contribution by the right and left vagi for the formation of oesophageal plexus and according to Chamberlin and Winship there are three different patterns in the formation of peri oesophageal plexus. The present study was aimed to study the formation of perioesophageal plexus, incidence of different patterns of peri oesophageal plexus in south Iudian population and the number of vagal trunks formed from the oesophageal plexus in the lower end of the oesophagus. Materials and Methods : The formation of perioesophageal plexus Gulae was studied in forty four autopsy specimens of oesophagus and stomach and six foetal specimens at Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College, Chennai. Results : The formation of perioesophageal plexus and the number of fibres from the right and left vagus nerves which contribute to the plexus formation were studied. There were significant differences in the formation of plexus Gulae. There were variations in the pattern of perioesophageal plexus and the number of vagal trunks arising from the plexus. The results of the present study in South Indian population were compared with the results in the Western population. Conclusions : Awareness regarding the presence of plexus Gulae and number of vagal trunks related to lower end of oesophagus has considerable importance in the surgical repair of hiatus hernia and while treating atrial fibrillation.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Humerus Length by its Proximal Segments: A South Indian Anatomical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 067-071
Author(s):  
Kasargod Umesh Prashanth ◽  
Mangala Manohar Pai ◽  
Bukkambudhi Virupakshamurthy Murlimanju ◽  
Latha Venkatraya Prabhu ◽  
Manoor Dass Prameela
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
The South ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Best Parameter ◽  
The Right

Introduction To determine the morphometric data of the proximal segments of the humerus in the South Indian population, and to obtain the regression equations that will enable us to predict the whole length of humerus. Materials and Methods The present study included 166 dried adult human humeri. Their lengths were measured by using the osteometric board. The seven proximal segment lengths of the humeri were assessed by using a digital Vernier caliper (Mitutoyo Corporation 150 mm/6 inch, model number 500-196-20, Kawasaki, Japan). Results The mean humerus length in the present study was 30.75 ± 2.03 cm on the right side and 30.27 ± 2.28 cm on the left side. The comparison between the right and left sides of the proximal segments of the humerus did not yield statistically significant results (p > 0.05). The present study observed that the relationship between the dimensions of the proximal segments of the humerus and the length of humerus were strong (p = 0.00). The oblique length between the most proximal and distal points over the anatomical neck was the best parameter to predict the length of humerus (the Pearson coefficient was 0.78 for the right side and 0.77 for the left side). Conclusion The simple regression formulae, which were derived in this study, are helpful in the estimation of the length of the humerus. The formulae can be used in forensic investigations, in which the stature of a person has to be determined and only bone fragments are available. The morphometric data of the present study have implications in archaeological and anthropological studies. The data are enlightening to orthopedicians, when planning reconstructive surgeries of the proximal end of the humerus in the South Indian population.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRY OF THE PEDICLE OF FIRST SACRAL VERTEBRAE AND ITS APPLICATION IN POSTERIOR TRANSPEDICULAR SCREW FIXATION. Morfometría del pedículo de la primera vértebra sacra y su aplicación en la fijación posterior con tornillo transpedicular

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Mangala M Pai ◽  
Bukkambudhi V Murlimanju ◽  
Latha V Prabhu ◽  
Rajanigandha Vadgaonkar ◽  
P P. Jagadish Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Screw Fixation ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Transpedicular Screw ◽  
Pedicle Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Transpedicular Screw Fixation

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron determinar los parámetros anatómicos del pedículo S1 en la población India del sur para comparar los datos con respecto a los géneros masculinos y femeninos. El estudio incluyó 50 sacros secos (25 hombres y 25 mujeres) que se obtuvieron en el laboratorio de anatomía de nuestra institución. En el presente estudio se observa que la longitud media del pedículo S1 fue 49.9± 3,6 mm para los hombres y 46.3± 4,8 mm para las mujeres. La altura céfalo-caudal del pedículo S1 fue 27.2±4.0 mm y 23.9±3.7 mm para el varón y la hembra respectivamente. La anchura antero-posterior del pedículo S1 fue 7.5± 1,3 mm, 7.5± 1.7 mm en varones y mujeres, respectivamente. La distancia antero-posterior de S1, desde el promontorio sacro a la apófisis espinosa de S1 fue 52.9± 5.2 mm y 50.4± 6.8 mm en los géneros masculino y femenino respectivamente. El presente estudio demostró que la longitud y la altura de céfalo-caudal eran más altos (p0.05) en varones que en mujeres. Los datos de mujeres y varones con respecto a la anchura antero-posterior y la distancia antero-posterior de S1 no eran estadísticamente diferentes. El presente estudio ha proporcionado datos morfométricos importantes del pedículo de la primera vértebra sacra de la muestra anatómica de la población India del sur. El conocimiento de los diámetros del pedículo de S1 es crucial para la colocación segura de tornillos para la fijación transpedicular posterior. Objectives of the present study were to determine the anatomical parameters of the S1 pedicle in South Indian population and to compare the data, with respect to male and female genders. The stud­­y included 50 dry sacra (25 male and 25 female), which were obtained from the anatomy laboratory of our institution. It is observed in the present study that the mean S1 pedicle length was 49.9± 3.6 mm for male and 46.3± 4.8 mm for the female. The cephalocaudal heights of S1 pedicle were 27.2±4.0 mms and 23.9±3.7 mms for the male and female respectively. The anteroposterior width of S1 pedicle was 7.5± 1.3 mms, 7.5± 1.7 mms in males and females respectively. The anteroposterior distances of S1, from the sacral promontory to the spinous process of S1 were 52.9± 5.2 mms and 50.4± 6.8 mms respectively for the male and female genders. The present study observed that the mean S1 pedicle length and the cephalocaudal height were higher (p<0.05) for the males than that of females. The data (male vs female) were not found statistically different (p>0.05), with respect to the anteroposterior width of the S1 pedicle and the anteroposterior distances of S1 from the sacral promontory to the spinous process of S1. The present study has provided important morphometric data onto the pedicle of the first sacral vertebrae, from the anatomical samples of the South Indian population. The knowledge of pedicle diameters of S1 is crucial to the safe placement of screws in the posterior transpedicular screw fixation.

scholarly journals The Morphometric study of Internal acoustic meatus in dry skulls of South Indian adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 051-058
Author(s):  
Vinay KV ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Internal Acoustic Meatus ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Bony Canal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Skull Trauma ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Temporal Bones

Abstract Background: The internal acoustic meatus (IAM) is a bony canal present between labyrinth and posterior cranial fossa. The normal morphometry of IAM is useful during evaluation of cases of skull trauma, congenital anomalies of IAM affecting the individual nerves, and in pre evaluation of surgeries of ear. The present study was done to determine the normal dimensions of IAM and to have a morphological database of the IAM for South Indian population. Materials & methods: The present study was conducted on 37 temporal bones of adult skulls. The impression of IAM was taken by injecting polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material into the IAM and the dimensions were measured by using digital vernier callipers on right and left side separately. The height and width of IAM at porous, middle and fundus were measured and tabulated. Results: As there was no significant statistical difference between the parameters of right and left sides the data were pooled together. The mean height & width of IAM at porous end was 4.5mm & 6.42mm respectively. The mean height & width of IAC at its middle portion was 4.04mm & 4.91mm respectively. The mean height & width of IAM at the fundus was 3.8mm and 4.60mm respectively. The superior length & inferior length was 8.60 & 8.70mm respectively. Conclusion:This study provides a ready reference for dimensions of IAM of adult dry skull in South Indian population. The present study confirms that there is difference in the dimensions of IAM among different races and regions and thus emphasizes the need to have normal data for our population.

scholarly journals Measurement of Insall Salvati ratio and modified Insall Salvati ratio to assess the position of the patella in South Indian population

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar C. ◽  
Ganesan G. Ram
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Radiological Assessment ◽  
Patella Baja ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
The Mean

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong><span lang="EN-IN">This is an observational study that was carried out to find the mean Insall Salvati ratio and modified Insall Salvati ratio in people coming to outpatient department requiring radiograph of knee joint..</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Radiological assessment of 200 knees which included 100 men and 100 women above the age group of 18,in a period of 6 months for which Insall Salvati and modified Insall Salvati ratio were calculated.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The mean Insall Salvati ratio was calculated to be 0.805 and the mean modified Insall Salvati ratio was 0.605 in South Indian.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the above study i conclude that majority of South Indian population had patella baja with female predominance<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

Estimation of stature using Humerus length among adult population in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Harsha B R ◽  
Chandragirish S ◽  
Mahesh V ◽  
Shashank K J
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lateral Condyle ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lateral Epicondyle ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The humerus can be broken down into four segments.  If the humerus is found in its entirety, then its length can be used to estimate stature.  However, if only segments of the humerus are recovered then a combination of segments can be used to estimate stature.To estimate the stature using Humerus length among adult population in South India. A Cross sectional study was carried out using purposive sampling among Medical Students at CIMS, Chamarajanagar. Study duration was 6 months from July 2019 to December 2020. 100 Male and 100 Female Medicos were included in the study after taking informed consent. Differently abled adults were excluded from the study to reduce the error. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data such as age, gender, height, arm length or Humerus length and distance between medical and lateral condyle. In the study among males there was significant positive correlation between Humerus length and height and distance between medial & lateral epicondyle among females there was negative correlation between Humerus length and age Among Males equation for estimation of height using Humerus length = 103.1 + 1.903 x Arm length. Among Females equation for estimation of height using Humerus length = 108.34 + 1.608 x Arm length. As a result, these measurements may help to indicate the characteristic morphological features of humeral segments in south Indian population and also help the orthopedic surgeon to place the various implants in the reconstruction of humeral fractures.

scholarly journals Morphology and morphometry of infra orbital foramen in South Indian adult dry skulls

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Vishal K. ◽  
Vinay K V. ◽  
Johncy I P.
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Orbital Margin ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry

Abstract Background: The infra orbital foramen (IOF) situated below infra-orbital margin (IOM) transmits infra­orbital nerve and infra- orbital vessels. The knowledge of the dimension, shape and direction of the IOF has important implications in various surgical and anaesthetic procedures. This will avoid iatrogenic injury to neurovascular bundle emerging from the IOF. Material and methods: Sixty adult dry skulls of unknown sex from the Department of Anatomy and Department of Forensic Medicine were used. IOF on both sides of skulls were assessed for the shape and direction by inspection. The vertical and horizontal diameter of the IOF was measured using a digital Vernier caliper to the nearest millimeters and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: The shape of the IOF was vertically oval in majority of the skulls (37.5%) and was semi lunar shaped in 10.83% of the skull. The IOF was directed infero­medially in about 52.5% of the cases and was directed medially in 6.67% of the cases. The mean transverse diameter was 2.96mm and the mean vertical diameter was 3.7mm. All the above results were compared with studies of previous workers. Conclusion: The present study confirms that there is racial as well as regional variation in the shape and dimensions of IOF, thus emphasizing the need to have morphometric data for South Indian population.

scholarly journals Nummular headache: Clinico-epidemiological features in South Indian population

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rammohan ◽  
Shyma M. Mundayadan ◽  
Robert Mathew
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Nummular Headache ◽  
Head Pain ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Context: Nummular headache (NH) is a primary disorder characterized by head pain exclusively felt in a small-rounded area typically 2–6 cm in diameter. Aims: The aim of this review is to study the clinical and epidemiological features of NH in a patient population of South India and to compare this with that of described in the international literature. Settings and Design: A prospective, observational study conducted in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: Patients attending the medicine and neurology outpatient departments of a tertiary referral hospital in South India diagnosed to have NH as per the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 beta (2013) criteria were studied over 30 months. All of the patients had a normal neurological examination. Neuroimaging findings were normal, except in one patient. Results: A total of 19 females and 10 males were studied. The mean age of onset was 47.62 years (range 36–60). The duration of headache varied from a minimum of 3 months to a maximum of 5 years, with a mean of 24.17 months. The site of headache was predominantly in the parietal area 15 (51.72%), followed by the occipital area 7 (24.13%). The mean diameter of the affected area was 3.23 cm. The intensity of the headache proved to be mild to moderate with a mean visual analog scale score of 5.03. The quality of pain was mainly felt as burning dysesthesia 12 (41.38%). In the majority of patients, i.e. 21 (72.41%), pain was chronic and continuous. None of the patients had any significant trophic change even though paresthesias, dysesthesias, and allodynia were reported by a significant minority of patients, i.e. 9 (31.03%). Only one (3.45%) patient gave a history of head injury. Ten (34.48%) out of 29 patients had other types of concurrent headaches; the majority of which proved to be migrainous, i.e. 7 (24.14%), 2 patients (6.89%) with tension headache, and 1 patient (3.45%) with trigeminal neuralgia. Conclusion: Our study proves the existence of the newly described primary headache syndrome called NH in South Indian population. In comparing our results with the international literature, the number of similarities is much greater than the differences. The etiology of pain in our series appeared to be primarily peripheral with a role for central pain sensitization in some cases due to a variety of concurrent central causes of head pain.

scholarly journals Study of clavicle : length and curvatures in South Indian population

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
R. Sudha
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Lateral Angle ◽  
Medical College ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background and aim of the study: The clavicle is a subcutaneous bone most frequently fractured at the junction of its lateral and middle third of the shaft. Anatomical variations of the curvatures of clavicle can be of relevance for surgical correction procedures like intramedullary or internal plate fixation. The aim of the present study was to observe variations of length and medial and lateral angles of curvatures of the clavicle in a sample of South Indian population. Materials and methods: One hundred and thirteen unpaired clavicles (50 left side, 63 right side) of unknown sex and age were studied from the bone collection available at Anatomy departments of Annapoorana Medical College, Vinayaka Mission's Medical and Homeopathy Colleges, Salem. To measure the angles, Parsons method and a protractor was used. Length of the clavicle was measured with a Vernier Calipers. Observation: The average length of the clavicle was found to be 13.74cm left side and 13.76cm on the right side. The average medial angle of the clavicle on the left side is 146° and right side is147.5°. The average lateral angle on the left side is 144° and right side is 142.05°.The total average angle of the clavicle is 290.30° on left side and 289.59° on right side. Conclusion: The average length of the clavicle on the right side is more than the left side. The medial angle on the right side and the lateral angle on left side are more than corresponding opposite sides. These variations can be useful for the orthopaedic surgeons during the surgical correction procedures of clavicle fractures.

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