scholarly journals Assessment of DNA damage through micronucleus studies in subjects exposed to formalin

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
K Sriambika ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Formaldehyde (FA) is the reactive and simplest of all the aldehydes. It is used as a preservative in anatomy, pathology and forensic laboratories. The international agency for research on cancer has classified FA as a carcinogen that can cause nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Leukaemia, Liver and pancreatic cancer. Objective And Method: The aim of the study was to assess the DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes and in buccal cells by Micronucleus assay in Formalin exposed workers of Anatomy, Pathology and Forensic laboratories and compare with the control group, and also to analyze the relationship between frequency of Micronuclei and duration of exposure to formalin. Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of micronuclei in peripheral blood of exposed was 8.35 and in controls was 4.18. There was a significant increase in the frequency of MN in exposed group when compared with the comparison group (p<0. 5876). Pearson’s correlation test showed a positive correlation between the years of FA exposure and the number of micronuclei in buccal cells and peripheral blood indicating that DNA damage due to FA was directly proportional to the duration of exposure (r=0.8, 0.9). Conclusion: The present study was done to assess the DNA damage in people who were exposed to FA and a control group not exposed to FA by buccal cell and peripheral blood Micronucleus Assay. There was a significant increase in the MN in people exposed to FA which was directly proportional to the duration of exposure.

scholarly journals Persistent Increased Frequency of Genomic Instability in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer: Before, during, and after Treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz ◽  
André Luiz Pinho Sobral ◽  
Jaqueline Nascimento Picada ◽  
Ivana Grivicich ◽  
Antonio Luiz Gomes Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Oncological Treatment

This study aimed to evaluate DNA damage in patients with breast cancer before treatment (background) and after chemotherapy (QT) and radiotherapy (RT) treatment using the Comet assay in peripheral blood and the micronucleus test in buccal cells. We also evaluated repair of DNA damage after the end of RT, as well as the response of patient’s cells before treatment with an oxidizing agent (H2O2; challenge assay). Fifty women with a mammographic diagnosis negative for cancer (control group) and 100 women with a diagnosis of breast cancer (followed up during the treatment) were involved in this study. The significant DNA damage was observed by increasing in the index and frequency of damage along with the increasing of the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood and cells of the buccal mucosa, respectively. Despite the variability of the responses of breast cancer patients, the individuals presented lesions on the DNA, detected by the Comet assay and micronucleus Test, from the diagnosis until the end of the oncological treatment and were more susceptible to oxidative stress. We can conclude that the damages were due to clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects related to the neoplasia itself and that they increased, especially after RT.

scholarly journals Effect of High-Dose Topical Minoxidil on Erythrocyte Quality in SKH1 Hairless Mice

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Eduardo Naranjo-Vázquez ◽  
María Guadalupe Sánchez-Parada ◽  
Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda ◽  
Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez ◽  
Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Hairless Mice ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
High Doses

SKH1 hairless mice are widely used in carcinogenesis and dermatology research due to their bare skin, as exposure to different agents is facilitated. Minoxidil is a cosmetic drug that is recognized as a mitogenic agent, and mitogens are suggested to have carcinogenic and mutagenic potential by inducing cell division and increasing the possibility of perpetuating DNA damage. Therefore, we hypothesized that the application of high doses of minoxidil to the skin of hairless mice would increase the number of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) in peripheral blood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the topical administration of high doses of minoxidil on peripheral blood erythrocytes of SKH1 mice by means of micronucleus assay. Minoxidil was administered on the entire body surface of mice every 12 or 24 h. Minoxidil dosing every 24 h increased the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs), and dosing every 12 h increased the number of MNEs and MNPCEs, as compared to baseline and the negative control group. No decrease in polychromatic erythrocyte frequencies was observed in the minoxidil groups. Therefore, topical application of high minoxidil doses to mice can produce DNA damage, as observed through an increase in the number of MNEs, without producing cytotoxicity, possibly due to its mitogenic effect.

scholarly journals Association between H3K36me3 modification and methylation of LINE-1 and MGMT in peripheral blood lymphocytes of PAH-exposed workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Xiumei Xing ◽  
Zhini He ◽  
Ziwei Wang ◽  
Ziying Mo ◽  
Liping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Mgmt Expression ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
Genome Level

Abstract To explore the epigenetic alterations in response to DNA damage following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and the crosstalk between different epigenetic regulations, we examined trimethylated Lys 36 of histone H3 (H3K36me3) and methylation of ‘long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1)’ and ‘O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)’ in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLCs) of 173 coke oven workers (PAH-exposed group) and 94 non-exposed workers (control group). The PAH-exposed group showed higher internal PAH exposure level, enhanced DNA damage and increased MGMT expression (all P &lt; 0.001). Notably, the methylation of LINE-1 and MGMT decreased by 3.9 and 40.8%, respectively, while H3K36me3 level was 1.7 times higher in PBLCs of PAH-exposed group compared to control group (all P &lt; 0.001). These three epigenetic marks were significantly associated with DNA damage degree (all P &lt; 0.001) and PAH exposure level in a dose–response manner (all P &lt; 0.001). LINE-1 hypomethylation is correlated with enhanced H3K36me3 modification (β = −0.198, P = 0.002), indicating a synergistic effect between histone modification and DNA methylation at the whole genome level. In addition, MGMT expression was positively correlated with H3K36me3 modification (r = 0.253, P &lt; 0.001), but not negatively correlated with MGMT methylation (r = 0.202, P &lt; 0.05). The in vitro study using human bronchial epithelial cells treated with the organic extract of coke oven emissions confirmed that H3K36me3 is important for MGMT expression following PAH exposure. In summary, our study indicates that histone modification and DNA methylation might have synergistic effects on DNA damage induced by PAH exposure at the whole genome level and H3K36me3 is more essential for MGMT expression during the course.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KERUSAKAN DNA PADA SEL LIMFOSIT PASIEN PASCA-RADIOTERAPI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Darlina Yusuf ◽  
Devita Tetriana ◽  
Tur Rahardjo ◽  
Teja Kisnanto ◽  
Yanti Lusiyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Comet Tail ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Doses

Analyses of DNA Damage in the Patient’s Lymphocyte Cells Post-Radiotherapy Radiotherapy given in high doses to kill cancer cells can also induce DNA damage in surrounding normal cells. The radiation dose is divided into smaller doses called fractionation to decrease the effect of radiation on normal tissue. For this reason, it is necessary to monitor the peripheral blood lymphocytes to evaluate the patient's DNA damage. The alkaline comet test is a simple and sensitive technique for detecting DNA instability. This study involved 11 patients who underwent radiotherapy up to 20 Gy, and 11 healthy subjects as controls. This study aims to see how much DNA damage is caused by a 20 Gy fractionated radiation dose in patients with various cancers. The results showed that the mean frequency of damaged cells in patients was 80.54 ± 12.52% with a mean comet tail length of 49.98 ± 12.93 µm. There was a significant difference in both the frequency of damaged cells and the mean value of the comet tail length against the control group (p < 0.001). It was concluded that high doses of radiation can cause DNA damage to peripheral blood lymphocytes. Radioterapi yang diberikan dalam dosis tinggi untuk mematikan sel kanker juga dapat menginduksi kerusakan DNA pada sel normal di sekitarnya. Dosis radiasi dibagi menjadi dosis yang lebih kecil yang disebut fraksinasi untuk menurunkan efek radiasi pada jaringan normal. Untuk itu perlu pemantauan pada limfosit darah tepi untuk mengevaluasi kerusakan DNA pasien. Uji komet alkali merupakan teknik yang sederhana dan sensitif untuk mendeteksi ketidakstabilan DNA. Penelitian ini melibatkan 11 pasien yang menjalani radioterapi hingga 20 Gy, dan 11 subyek sehat sebagai kontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa besar kerusakan DNA akibat dosis radiasi fraksinasi 20 Gy pada pasien dengan variasi kanker. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata frekuensi sel yang rusak pada pasien 80,54 ± 12,52% dengan rerata panjang ekor komet 49,98 ± 12,93 µm terdapat perbedaan nyata baik pada frekuensi sel yang rusak maupun nilai rerata panjang ekor komet terhadap kelompok kontrol (p < 0,001). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa radiasi dosis tinggi dapat menyebabkan kerusakan DNA sel limfosit darah tepi.

scholarly journals Monitoring of cytogenetic instability by micronuclei assay of both immunocompetent and non-immunocompetent cells in tick-borne encephalitis patients depending on variants of glutathione-S-transferase genes in the genotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 600-606
Author(s):  
Nikolay Nikolaevich Ilyinskikh ◽  
Ekaterina Nikolaevna Ilyinskikh ◽  
Evgenia Vladimirovna Zamyatina ◽  
Svetoslava Vyacheslavovna Lee
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Immunocompetent Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Buccal Mucous Membrane ◽  
The One

Aim of this study was to study the dynamics of the frequency of cytokinesis-blocked T-lymphocytes with micronuclei in peripheral blood and the frequency of buccal micronucleated epithelium cells for a period of half a year in patients with acute tick-borne encephalitis, depending on burden of active and inactive variants of glutathione-S-transferase genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in the patient's genotype. We carried out micronucleus assay in immunocompetent and non-immunocompetent cells in 54 patients with acute tick-borne encephalitis and 35 healthy persons (control) residing in the Tomsk and Tyumen regions. To analyze the frequency of cytokinesis-blocked micronucleated T-lymphocytes was used venous peripheral blood as material for phytohemagglutinin-stimulated cultures, and to study the frequency of buccal micronucleated cells, samples of the buccal mucous membrane epithelial cells were obtained. To carried out both techniques of micronucleus assay, cytological preparations were prepared, which were stained using the Giemsa or Felgen methods. The material for the study was obtained repeatedly during admission of patients to treatment, and also after 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months.  Polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the alleles of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes. As a result of this analysis was found a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells in tick-borne encephalitis patients compared with the control group. In addition, the frequency of cytokinesis-blocked micronucleated T-lymphocytes was increased significantly higher than the one of micronucleated buccal cells. The most significant and prolonged increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells was associated with the mutant inactive variants of the genes GSTM1 (0/0) and GSTT1 (0/0). In the patients with burden the inactive forms of these genes, the cytogenetic instability of the cytokinesis-blocked blood T-lymphocytes could persist for up to six months. In case of buccal cells, the frequency of micronucleated cells was close to the one in the control group as early as 1-3 months after a course of treatment. Conclusion. It was found that the most increased and prolonged frequency of cytogenetically instable cells persisted in cytokinesis-blocked T-lymphocytes of peripheral blood of patients with tick-borne encephalitis who were carriers of the genotype with inactive variants of  both GSTM1 (0/0) and GSTT1 (0/0 ) glutathione-S-transferase genes.

Genetic variation and risk of DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Iranian formaldehyde-exposed workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-696
Author(s):  
Rezvan Zendehdel ◽  
Parviz Abdolmaleki ◽  
Fatemeh Javani Jouni ◽  
Mohammad Mazinani
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Exposed Population

Formaldehyde (FA) has given positive results for the genetic damage evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Polymorphism plays a special role in the toxicity of chemicals. DNA damage in blood cells was evaluated in workers who were occupationally exposed to FA. This study tested the association of alcohol dehydrogenase III (ADH3) and manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) gene polymorphism, with DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 54 workers from melamine dinnerware workshops and 34 workers from dairy production workshops. The control and exposed population were matched based on age, smoking, work history and socioeconomic status. DNA damage was evaluated by alkaline comet assay in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. ADH3 and Mn-SOD genotypes were determined in all workers using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. DNA damage of lymphocyte cells was significantly higher ( p < 0.001) in the exposed individuals in comparison with the control population. The examinations of the exposed group had revealed significantly higher ( p < 0.01) variant of Val/Val of Mn-SOD compared to control group. In workers with ADH32–2 variant, significantly higher levels of DNA damage ( p < 0.01) were observed than the control population with the same genotype. It could be concluded that enzymes involved in the metabolism of FA and oxidative stress controlling are two important effective parameters for DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in exposed people. These results are regarded as a pioneer investigation for the management of health risks assessment.

scholarly journals Assessment of DNA damage in underground coal miners using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes

Mutagenesis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Yu. Sinitsky ◽  
Varvara I. Minina ◽  
Nikolay I. Gafarov ◽  
Maxim A. Asanov ◽  
Aleksey V. Larionov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes

scholarly journals Correlation of Circular RNA hsa_circ_0001946, hsa_circ_0125589, and Environmental Factors With Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1047-1047
Author(s):  
Wan-yue Liu ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Shu-na Huang ◽  
Yu-zhen Lin ◽  
Hong-yan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Crossover Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background To investigate the main environmental factors of hypertension and the relationship between hypertension and circular RNAs in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Methods This was a case–control study. A total of 681 hypertension patients and 485 subjects without hypertension were recruited between April 2017 and October 2018. All participations completed the questionnaire investigation, physical examination, and laboratory detection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze circRNAs (hsa_circ_0001946 and hsa_circ_0125589) in peripheral blood leukocytes in 84 hypertensives and 84 controls. Multivariate logistic regression and crossover analysis were used to analyze the interaction and association between environmental factors and circRNAs in hypertension. Results After adjusted by gender, age and marital status, overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–2.22), abdominal obesity (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.54–3.04), anxiety (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.41–3.28), family history of hypertension (OR = 4.26, 95% CI 3.18–5.70), and higher levels of hsa_circ_0001946 (OR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.85–9.21) were risk factors for hypertension, while levels of hsa_circ_0125589 were not associated with hypertension. Crossover analysis showed that the risk of hypertension was 13.12 times higher (95% CI 3.89–44.23) in overweight subjects with high hsa_circ_0001946 levels compared with normal weight subjects with low hsa_circ_0001946 levels. Further, the risk of hypertension was 17.78 times higher (95% CI 1.88–168.61) in subjects with anxiety and high hsa_circ_0001946 levels. Conclusions Hypertension is the result of both environmental factors and genetic factors. Higher hsa_circ_0001946 levels, overweight and anxiety may increase the risk of hypertension, while hsa_circ_0125589 levels are not related to hypertension.

Assessment of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Parents of Autistic Children by Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa moeinian ◽  
Rasoul Alizadeh ◽  
Mitra Hakim Shooshtari ◽  
Hossein Mozdarani ◽  
Fatemeh Yousefi Laksari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes
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