scholarly journals Optimization of Energy Management in a City Bus Powered by the Hydrogen Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. E56-E67
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Małek ◽  
Rodolfo Taccani ◽  
Dariusz Kasperek ◽  
Jacek Hunicz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Internet Platform ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The article describes the design and optimization of operation of an electric bus powered by the hydrogen fuel cells. At the beginning, an approach to design of a 12-meter urban bus, powered by hydrogen, is presented, as well as examples of components for its construction. Next, the problem of selecting the size of traction batteries and stacks of the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) hydrogen fuel cells was discussed. These are the key components affecting the price of the bus and should be subject to optimization. The results of optimization of the size of traction batteries and the fuel cell system for a bus traveling in inter-city traffic are presented. The optimization was based on data from the literature and data from the monitoring system of actual hydrogen powered buses located on the Internet platform. The main purpose of the research, which was to determine the total costs of ownership (TCO), is presented as well.

Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube-Based Proton Exchange Membrane Assembly for Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Langmuir ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 8487-8494 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Girishkumar ◽  
Matthew Rettker ◽  
Robert Underhile ◽  
David Binz ◽  
K. Vinodgopal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Single Wall Carbon ◽  
Membrane Assembly ◽  
Exchange Membrane

scholarly journals Measurements Based Analysis of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Operation in Transient State and Power of Own Needs

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wilk ◽  
Daniel Węcel
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Currently, fuel cells are increasingly used in industrial installations, means of transport, and household applications as a source of electricity and heat. The paper presents the results of experimental tests of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) at variable load, which characterizes the cell’s operation in real installations. A detailed analysis of the power needed for operation fuel cell auxiliary devices (own needs power) was carried out. An analysis of net and gross efficiency was carried out in various operating conditions of the device. The measurements made show changes in the performance of the fuel cell during step changing or smooth changing of an electric load. Load was carried out as a change in the current or a change in the resistance of the receiver. The analysis covered the times of reaching steady states and the efficiency of the fuel cell system taking into account auxiliary devices. In the final part of the article, an analysis was made of the influence of the fuel cell duration of use on obtained parameters. The analysis of the measurement results will allow determination of the possibility of using fuel cells in installations with a rapidly changing load profile and indicate possible solutions to improve the performance of the installation.

scholarly journals Impedance Spectroscopy Measurements of Ionomer Film Oxygen Transport Resistivity in Operating Low-Pt PEM Fuel Cell

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Reshetenko ◽  
Andrei Kulikovsky
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Impedance Spectra ◽  
O2 Transport ◽  
Operating Current ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Segmented Cell

The work presents a model for local impedance of low-Pt proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), including cathode pore size distribution and O2 transport along pores and through a thin ionomer film covering Pt/C agglomerates. The model was applied to fit the local impedance spectra of low-Pt fuel cells operated at current densities from 100 to 800 mA cm−2 and recorded by a segmented cell system. Assuming an ionomer film thickness of 10 nm, the fitting returned the product of the dimensionless Henry’s constant of oxygen dissolution in ionomer KH by the oxygen diffusivity DN in the ionomer (KHDN). This parameter allowed us to determine the fundamental O2 transport resistivity RN through the ionomer film in the working electrode under conditions relevant to the realistic operation of PEMFCs. The results show that variation of the operating current density does not affect RN, which remains nearly constant at ≃0.4 s cm−1.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on the Performance Factors and Durability of Proton Exchange Membrane of Hydrogen Fuel Cell: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191
Author(s):  
M. Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Shehan Habib ◽  
Paroma Arefin ◽  
Kawsar Ahmed ◽  
Md Sahab Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Hydrogen fuel cell technology is now being extensively researched around the world to find a reliable renewable energy source. Global warming, national calamities, fossil-fuel shortages have drawn global attention to environment friendly and renewable energy source. The hydrogen fuel cell technology most certainly fits those requisites. New researches facilitate improving performance, endurance, cost-efficiency, and overcoming limitations of the fuel cells. The various factors affecting the features and the efficiency of a fuel cell must be explored in the course of advancement in a specific manner. Temperature is one of the most critical performance-changing parameters of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC). In this review paper, we have discussed the impact of temperature on the efficiency and durability of the hydrogen fuel cell, more precisely, on a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). We found that increase in temperature increases the performance and efficiency, power production, voltage, leakage current, but decreases mass crossover and durability. But we concluded with the findings that an optimum temperature is required for the best performance.

scholarly journals Current Fed Step-up DC/DC Converter for Fuel Cell Inverter Applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Andreičiks ◽  
Kristaps Vitols ◽  
Oskars Krievs ◽  
Ingars Steiks
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Current Fed Step-up DC/DC Converter for Fuel Cell Inverter ApplicationsIn order to use hydrogen fuel cells in domestic applications either as main power supply or backup source, their low DC output voltage has to be matched to the level and frequency of the utility grid AC voltage. Such power converter systems usually consist of a DC-DC converter and a DC-AC inverter. Comparison of different current fed step-up DC/DC converters is done in this paper and a double inductor step-up push-pull converter investigated, presenting simulation and experimental results. The converter is elaborated for 1200 W power to match the rated power of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell located in hydrogen fuel cell research laboratory of Riga Technical University.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell in transient operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wilk ◽  
Daniel Węcel
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Times ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Currently, fuel cells are increasingly used in industrial installations, means of transport and household applications as a source of electricity and heat. The paper presents the results of experimental tests of PEMFC at variable load, which characterizes the cell's operation in real installations. The measurements made show changes in the performance of the fuel cell during step changing or smooth changing of an electric load. Load was carried out as a change in the current or a change in the resistance of the receiver. The analysis covered the times of reaching steady states and the efficiencyof the fuel cell system taking into account additional devices. The analysis of the measurement results will allow determining the possibility of using fuel cells in installations with a rapidly changingload profile and indicate possible solutions to improve the performance of the installation.

Review of Parameters Affecting Performance of (Pt/C) Electrode for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (Pemfcs)

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Chebbi ◽  
Wan Ramli Wan Daud ◽  
Abu Bakar Mohamad ◽  
Abdul Amir Hassan Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Diffusion Layer ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Electro Deposition ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Electrode performance is the most important part in proton exchange membrane fuel cell system because all electrochemical processes and chemical conversions into energy occur via electrode interface. However the main problem in widespread proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) applications is the cost of the catalyst and life time of electrode, due to different parameters effects. Intense research imply in reducing the cost with increase the activity of catalyst in additional to other parameters (components) to make electrode for PEM more efficient with reasonable cost. This paper review recent research for the most parameters affecting performance of (Pt/C and Pt/C/M ) electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) such as Catalyst oxidation (degradation), and life time of the electrode using Pt/C, gas diffusion layer (GDL) thickness, and loading of PTFE in the diffusion layer, Nafion@ solution in the catalyst layer, methods of fabrication of electrode as spraying, casting, and electro deposition methods. Then the link between these parameters to achieve high performance and avoid the electrode degradation by optimized these parameters.

scholarly journals Fuzzy logic MPPT control algorithm for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells System

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Badreddine KANOUNI ◽  
◽  
Abd Essalam BADOUD ◽  
Saad MEKHILEF ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Fuel cells output power depends on the operating conditions, including cell temperature, oxygen pressure, hydrogen pressure, tempureter . In each particular condition, there is only one unique operating point for a fuel cell system with the maximum output. Thus, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is needed to increase the efficiency of the PEMFC systems. In this paper an efficient method fuzzy logic controller is proposed for MPPT of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, boost converter. FLC adjusts the operating point of the PEM fuel cell to the maximum power by tuning of the boost converter duty cycle. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm, simulation results are sumulated in two cases, in normel condution and variation in temperature .the FLC algorithm with fast convergence, high accuracy and very low power fluctuations tracks the maximum power point of the fuel cell system

Numerical Study and Optimisation of Channel Geometry and Gas Diffusion Layer of a PEM Fuel Cell

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surajudeen O. Obayopo ◽  
Tunde Bello-Ochende ◽  
Josua P. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Diffusion Layer ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Fuel cell technology offers a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuel energy sources. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) in particular have become sustainable choice for the automotive industries because of its low pollution, low noise and quick start-up at low temperatures. Researches are on-going to improve its performance and reduce cost of this class of energy systems. In this work, a novel approach to optimise proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell gas channels in the systems bipolar plates with the aim of globally optimising the overall system net power performance at minimised pressure drop and subsequently low pumping power requirement for the reactant species gas was carried out. In addition, the effect of various gas diffusion layer (GDL) properties on the fuel cell performance was examined. Simulations were done ranging from 0.6 to 1.6 mm for channel width, 0.5 to 3.0 mm for channel depth and 0.1 to 0.7 for the GDL porosity. A gradient based optimisation algorithm is implemented which effectively handles an objective function obtained from a computational fluid dynamics simulation to further enhance the obtained optimum values of the examined multiple parameters for the fuel cell system. The results indicate that effective match of reactant gas channel and GDL properties enhance the performance of the fuel cell system. The numerical results computed agree well with experimental data in the literature. Consequently, the results obtained provide useful information for improving the design of fuel cells.

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