scholarly journals HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERNATIONS INDUCED BY THE ACTION OF LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN IN ETROPLUS SURATENSIS (BLOCH)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Vidhya V ◽  
Radhakrishnan Nair C
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticide ◽  
Kidney Tubules ◽  
Etroplus Suratensis ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Tissue Rupture ◽  
Collecting Tubules

The study of structural damage of organs or tissues is an integral part of pollution toxicology. The present work was conducted to study the effect of the pyrethroid insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin on the kidney of the pearlspot “Etroplus suratensis”. The dilation of the kidney tubules, degeneration in kidney tissue, rupture in the collecting tubules and necrosis were observed in the present investigation after lambdacyhalothrin treatment

Na+ and K+ cell concentrations in collagenase-treated rat kidney tubules incubated at various temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (5) ◽  
pp. C407-C414 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sudo ◽  
F. Morel
Keyword(s):  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Kidney Tubules ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Outer Medulla ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Cell Concentrations ◽  
Collecting Tubules ◽  
Emission Flame

Na+ and K+ cell contents were measured in single pieces of tubule (0.4–0.8 mm/sample) micro-dissected from the outer medulla of collagenase-treated rat kidney tissue. Extracellular cations were washed out by rinsing the tubules in ice-cold choline-chloride solution. Na+ and K+ cell contents were measured by emission flame microphotometry after appropriate treatment of the samples. Tubular volumes were calculated from photographic pictures taken before (at 4 degrees C) and after incubation of the samples. Medullary collecting tubules (MCT) and medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle (MAL) were used in this study. When kept at 4 degrees C for 2 h or more, Na+ and K+ concentrations (meq/l cell volume) were 86.3 and 30.6, respectively, in MCT and 16.2 and 94.3, respectively, in MAL. After about 5 min of incubation at 30 degrees C, MCT samples inverted their cation contents up to new steady-state concentrations (Na+ 17.4 and K+ 97.5). During incubation, the volume of MCT samples decreased slowly and in an exponential way, the rate of which was highly temperature dependent. Na+ and K+ cell concentrations in such incubated MCT samples, however, remained fairly constant between 20 and 37 degrees C. In contrast, when MAL samples were incubated at 30 degrees C, Na+ and K+ concentrations (15.9 and 90.4, respectively) remained equal to those measured at 4 degrees C and no change in volume was observed in MAL samples.

Proximal tubule microvilli remodeling and albuminuria in the Ren2 transgenic rat

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. F861-F867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin R. Hayden ◽  
Nazif A. Chowdhury ◽  
Shawna A. Cooper ◽  
Adam Whaley-Connell ◽  
Javad Habibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cell ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

TG(mRen2)27 (Ren2) transgenic rats overexpress the mouse renin gene, with subsequent elevated tissue ANG II, hypertension, and nephropathy. The proximal tubule cell (PTC) is responsible for the reabsorption of 5–8 g of glomerular filtered albumin each day. Excess filtered albumin may contribute to PTC damage and tubulointerstitial disease. This investigation examined the role of ANG II-induced oxidative stress in PTC structural remodeling: whether such changes could be modified with in vivo treatment with ANG type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockade (valsartan) or SOD/catalase mimetic (tempol). Male Ren2 (6–7 wk old) and age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with valsartan (30 mg/kg), tempol (1 mmol/l), or placebo for 3 wk. Systolic blood pressure, albuminuria, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, and kidney tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured, and ×60,000 transmission electron microscopy images were used to assess PTC microvilli structure. There were significant differences in systolic blood pressure, albuminuria, lipid peroxidation (MDA and nitrotyrosine staining), and PTC structure in Ren2 vs. Sprague-Dawley rats (each P < 0.05). Increased mean diameter of PTC microvilli in the placebo-treated Ren2 rats ( P < 0.05) correlated strongly with albuminuria ( r2 = 0.83) and moderately with MDA ( r2 = 0.49), and there was an increase in the ratio of abnormal forms of microvilli in placebo-treated Ren2 rats compared with Sprague-Dawley control rats ( P < 0.05). AT1R blockade, but not tempol treatment, abrogated albuminuria and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase; both therapies corrected abnormalities in oxidative stress and PTC microvilli remodeling. These data indicate that PTC structural damage in the Ren2 rat is related to the oxidative stress response to ANG II and/or albuminuria.

scholarly journals The tight junction protein ZO-1 is concentrated along slit diaphragms of the glomerular epithelium.

1990 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 1255-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Schnabel ◽  
J M Anderson ◽  
M G Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Slit Diaphragm ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Collecting Tubules ◽  
Lateral Cell

The foot processes of glomerular epithelial cells of the mammalian kidney are firmly attached to one another by shallow intercellular junctions or slit diaphragms of unknown composition. We have investigated the molecular nature of these junctions using an antibody that recognizes ZO-1, a protein that is specific for the tight junction or zonula occludens. By immunoblotting the affinity purified anti-ZO-1 IgG recognizes a single 225-kD band in kidney cortex and in slit diaphragm-enriched fractions as in other tissues. When ZO-1 was localized by immunofluorescence in kidney tissue of adult rats, the protein was detected in epithelia of all segments of the nephron, but the glomerular epithelium was much more intensely stained than any other epithelium. Among tubule epithelia the signal for ZO-1 correlated with the known fibril content and physiologic tightness of the junctions, i.e., it was highest in distal and collecting tubules and lowest in the proximal tubule. By immunoelectron microscopy ZO-1 was found to be concentrated on the cytoplasmic surface of the tight junctional membrane. Within the glomerulus ZO-1 was localized predominantly in the epithelial foot processes where it was concentrated precisely at the points of insertion of the slit diaphragms into the lateral cell membrane. Its distribution appeared to be continuous along the continuous slit membrane junction. When ZO-1 was localized in differentiating glomeruli in the newborn rat kidney, it was present early in development when the apical junctional complexes between presumptive podocytes are composed of typical tight and adhering junctions. It remained associated with these junctions during the time they migrate down the lateral cell surface, disappear and are replaced by slit diaphragms. The distribution of ZO-1 and the close developmental relationship between the two junctions suggest that the slit diaphragm is a variant of the tight junction that shares with it at least one structural protein and the functional property of defining distinctive plasmalemmal domains. The glomerular epithelium is unique among renal epithelia in that ZO-1 is present, but the intercellular spaces are wide open and no fibrils are seen by freeze fracture. The presence of ZO-1 along slit membranes indicates that expression of ZO-1 alone does not lead to tight junction assembly.

Effects of IconÒ, a pyrethroid insecticide on early pregnancy of rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
W D Ratnasooriya ◽  
S SK Ratnayake ◽  
Y NA Jayatunga
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticide ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Different Doses

IconÒ is a water miscible type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide based on active ingredient lambda cyhalothrin (10% w/w). It is used in Sri Lanka as an adulticidal indoor spray against malaria vector mosquitoes. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of IconÒ on pregnancy outcome of rats when exposed during early pregnancy (days 1 / 7). IconÒ was gavaged daily for 7 consecutive days in three different doses; 63, 83, or 125 mg/kg/day (active ingredient; lambda cyhalothrin; 6.3, 8.3, 12.5 mg/kg/day), respectively. Several parameters of reproduction and preand post-natal development were monitored. The results show that IconÒ is detrimental to pregnancy outcome (in terms of quantal pregnancy, number of uterine implants, implantation index and foetal deaths) but induced no detectable developmental defects. The anti-reproductive effects of IconÒ were mainly due to increased pre-implantation losses. Enhancement of post-implantation losses played a subsidiary role. These effects resulted from multiple mechanisms: maternal toxicity, stress, uterotropic activity and embryo-foetotoxicity. Further progesterone had a protective effect against IconÒ induced anti-reproductive actions. Overall, the results suggest that exposure to IconÒ during early gestation may result in a threat to pregnancy.

scholarly journals Biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney and adrenal gland of rats following repeated exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassina Khaldoun Oularbi
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Group 1

Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a type II pyrethroid insecticide widely used in pest management. This study was undertaken to evaluate the toxic effects of LCT on the kidneys and adrenal glands of rats after subacute exposure. Twenty-eight 6-week-old male albino <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> rats were randomly assigned to four groups. Group 1 was the control group, which received distilled water. The experimental groups 2, 3 and 4 received 20.4, 30.6 and 61.2 mg/kg body weight, respectively, of LCT, administered orally over 28 days. The effects of the insecticide on various biochemical parameters were evaluated at 14 and 28 days. Histopathological studies were carried out in the kidneys and adrenal glands at the end of the experiment. Lambda-cyhalothrin, as a pyrethroid insecticide, induced significant increases (P≤0.05) in plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid and glucose concentrations, and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities after 14 and 28 days. In the rat plasma samples after 28 days, residual concentrations of LCT 1R, cis,

Cyclic AMP in action of antidiuretic hormone: effects of exogenous cyclic AMP and its new analogue

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (4) ◽  
pp. F368-F376 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Hall ◽  
L. D. Barnes ◽  
T. P. Dousa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Kinase Activation ◽  
Camp Generation ◽  
Protein Kinase Activation ◽  
Hormone Effects ◽  
Collecting Tubules

Exogenous cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) stimulates the effect of the antidiuretic hormone, vasopressin (VP), only in pharmacologic quantities and results have often been inconsistent. The present study examined the ability of a new analogue, 8-[p-Cl-phenylthio]cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (C1-PheS-cAMP) to mimic the effect of VP, both biochemically (protein kinase activation) and functionally (hydrosomatic response of perfused collecting tubules) in mammalian kidney tissue. C1PheS-cAMP was found to be about 100 times as effective as cAMP both biochemically and functionally. The increased effectiveness of C1PheS-cAMP is probably is probably due to a greater permeability across the cell membrane and to the resistance of C1PheS-cAMP to enzymatic degradation, Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibition was observed with C1PheS-cAMP, but its contribution to overall effect was minor. C1PheS-cAMP was found to be more effective than exogenous vasopressin, an effect probably due primarily to its resistance to catabolism. The results provide further new evidence that cAMP and protein kinase are involved in the cellular action of vasopressin. C1PheS-cAMP proved to be a useful tool in the study of hormone action, especially in steps subsequent to cAMP generation.

scholarly journals Beetroot (Beta vulgarisL.) Extract Ameliorates Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity Associated Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rodent Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. El Gamal ◽  
Mansour S. AlSaid ◽  
Mohammad Raish ◽  
Mohammed Al-Sohaibani ◽  
Shaza M. Al-Massarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Bax Protein

The present investigation was designed to investigate the protective effect of (Beta vulgarisL.) beat root ethanolic extract (BVEE) on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and to elucidate the potential mechanism. Serum specific kidney function parameters (urea, uric acid, total protein, creatinine, and histopathology of kidney tissue) were evaluated to access gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The oxidative/nitrosative stress (Lipid peroxidation, MDA, NP-SH, Catalase, and nitric oxide levels) was assessed. The inflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, NF-κB (p65), and NF-κB (p65) DNA binding) and apoptotic marker (Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2) were also evaluated. BVEE (250 and 500 mg/kg) treatment along with gentamicin restored/increased the renal endogenous antioxidant status. Gentamicin-induced increased renal inflammatory cytokines (TNF-αand IL-6), nuclear protein expression of NF-κB (p65), NF-κB-DNA binding activity, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and nitric oxide level were significantly down regulated upon BVEE treatment. In addition, BVEE treatment significantly reduced the amount of cleaved caspase 3 and Bax, protein expression and increased the Bcl-2 protein expression. BVEE treatment also ameliorated the extent of histologic injury and reduced inflammatory infiltration in renal tubules. These findings suggest that BVEE treatment attenuates renal dysfunction and structural damage through the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidney.

Separation and Aquatic Toxicity of Enantiomers of the Pyrethroid Insecticide Lambda-Cyhalothrin

2007 ◽  
Vol preprint (2007) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Chao Xu ◽  
Jiajia Wang ◽  
Weiping Liu ◽  
G. Daniel Sheng ◽  
Yunjie Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticide ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin
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