scholarly journals Loss of miR-210 leads to progressive retinal degeneration in Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e201800149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina M Weigelt ◽  
Oliver Hahn ◽  
Katharina Arlt ◽  
Matthias Gruhn ◽  
Annika J Jahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene

miRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. We used small RNA sequencing to identify tissue-specific miRNAs in the adult brain, thorax, gut, and fat body of Drosophila melanogaster. One of the most brain-specific miRNAs that we identified was miR-210, an evolutionarily highly conserved miRNA implicated in the regulation of hypoxia in mammals. In Drosophila, we show that miR-210 is specifically expressed in sensory organs, including photoreceptors. miR-210 knockout mutants are not sensitive toward hypoxia but show progressive degradation of photoreceptor cells, accompanied by decreased photoreceptor potential, demonstrating an important function of miR-210 in photoreceptor maintenance and survival.

scholarly journals miRquant 2.0: an Expanded Tool for Accurate Annotation and Quantification of MicroRNAs and their isomiRs from Small RNA-Sequencing Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Kanke ◽  
Jeanette Baran-Gale ◽  
Jonathan Villanueva ◽  
Praveen Sethupathy
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Rich

SummarySmall non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs, are critical for normal physiology and are candidate biomarkers, regulators, and therapeutic targets for a wide variety of diseases. There is an ever-growing interest in the comprehensive and accurate annotation of microRNAs across diverse cell types, conditions, species, and disease states. Highthroughput sequencing technology has emerged as the method of choice for profiling microRNAs. Specialized bioinformatic strategies are required to mine as much meaningful information as possible from the sequencing data to provide a comprehensive view of the microRNA landscape. Here we present miRquant 2.0, an expanded bioinformatics tool for accurate annotation and quantification of microRNAs and their isoforms (termed isomiRs) from small RNA-sequencing data. We anticipate that miRquant 2.0 will be useful for researchers interested not only in quantifying known microRNAs but also mining the rich well of additional information embedded in small RNA-sequencing data.

microRNAs: a new frontier in kallikrein research

2008 ◽  
Vol 389 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene

Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Rapidly accumulating evidence has revealed that miRNAs are associated with cancer. The human tissue kalli-krein gene family is the largest contiguous family of proteases in the human genome, containing 15 genes. Many kallikreins have been reported as potential tumor markers. In this review, recent bioinformatics and experimental evidence is presented indicating that kallikreins are potential miRNA targets. The available experimental approaches to investigate these interactions and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications are also discussed. miRNAs represent a possible regulatory mechanism for controlling kallikrein expression at the post-transcriptional level. Many miRNAs were predicted to target kallikreins and a single miRNA can target more than one kallikrein. Recent evidence suggests that miRNAs can also exert ‘quantitative’ control of kallikreins by utilizing multiple targeting sites in the kallikrein mRNA. More research is needed to experimentally verify the in silico predictions and to investigate the possible role in tumor initiation and/or progression.

scholarly journals MiR-147: Functions and Implications in Inflammation and Diseases

MicroRNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Lin ◽  
Kebin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene

: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (19~25 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level through repression of mRNA translation or mRNA decay. miR-147, which was initially discovered in mouse spleen and macrophages, has been shown to correlate with coronary atherogenesis and inflammatory bowel disease and modulate macrophage functions and inflammation through TLR-4. The altered miR-147 level has been shown in various human diseases, including infectious disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, etc. This review will focus on the current understanding regarding the role of miR-147 in inflammation and diseases.

How do microRNAs regulate gene expression?

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. Cannell ◽  
Yi Wen Kong ◽  
Martin Bushell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Translational Repression ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Target Mrna ◽  
Target Mrnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene

miRNAs (microRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They generally bind to the 3′-UTR (untranslated region) of their target mRNAs and repress protein production by destabilizing the mRNA and translational silencing. The exact mechanism of miRNA-mediated translational repression is yet to be fully determined, but recent data from our laboratory have shown that the stage of translation which is inhibited by miRNAs is dependent upon the promoter used for transcribing the target mRNA. This review focuses on understanding how miRNA repression is operating in light of these findings and the questions that still remain.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs and endocrine biology

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinna L Cuellar ◽  
Michael T McManus
Keyword(s):  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
B Cell Development ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene

microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that powerfully regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. These fascinating molecules play essential roles in many biological processes in mammals, including insulin secretion, B-cell development, and adipocyte differentiation. This review provides a general background regarding current knowledge about miRNA biogenesis and the potential contributions of these RNAs to endocrine function.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Development

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1828-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Maatouk ◽  
Brian D. Harfe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Genetic Screens ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forward Genetic Screens ◽  
Regulate Gene

Over 10 years ago, the lab of Victor Ambros cloned an unusual gene,lin-4, which encodes two small RNA transcripts[1]. In the past few years, hundreds more of these tiny transcripts, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), have been uncovered in over a dozen species. The functions of the first two miRNAs,lin-4andlet-7, were relatively easy to identify since they were found in forward genetic screens in Caenorhabditis elegans[1,2,3]. However, uncovering the functions of the growing list of miRNAs presents a challenge to developmental biologists. This review will describe our current understanding of how miRNAs regulate gene expression and will focus on the roles these noncoding RNAs play during the development of both invertebrate and vertebrate species.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in veterinary cardiology

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Wolf ◽  
Eloísa Muehlbauer ◽  
Marlos Gonçalves Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene

ABSTRACT: The use of biomarkers is an important recent development in veterinary medicine. Biomarkers allow non-invasive quantification of substances with diagnostic and prognostic potential in several diseases. The microRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are expressed in different forms in many diseases. Reduced or over-expression of microRNAs showed to be part of the pathogenesis of some heart diseases in humans and animals. Diagnostic and therapeutic value of measuring microRNAs in veterinary cardiology is increased because abnormal expression can be managed by the use of antagonists (in the case of overexpression) and mimicking (in the case of underexpression). Thus, this literature review aimed to compile scientific evidence of dysregulation of microRNAs expression in different cardiac diseases being one of the promises in the therapeutic field and diagnosis of veterinary cardiology. MicroRNAs not only have potential as a biomarker but may also help in elucidation of aspects of the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases.

scholarly journals miRNAs in the Odontogenesis Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-505
Author(s):  
Ignacio Roa
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Specific Sequences ◽  
Regulate Gene

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNA molecules noncoding to proteins, which regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level by binding to specific sequences within target genes. miRNAs have been recognized as important regulatory factors in the body development and expression of certain diseases. Some miRNAs regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells and tissues during odontogenesis.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs and the deregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome network in neurodegeneration: a familia tria?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan S Persengiev
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Small Rna Species

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a diverse group of gene regulatory factors that can posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression in response to various stimuli during brain development and differentiation. Subsets of ncRNAs and miRNAs in particular, are very specifically expressed within the central nervous system and participate in the regulation of important brain functions. miRNAs are essential for the postmitotic survival of neurons, and therefore might play a role in neuroprotection. A number of miRNAs have been reported to be dysregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases implying that they can contribute to pathogenesis. Furthermore, in light of the neuroprotective properties of some miRNAs, these small RNA species may themselves be the focus for drug development. Here, we review recent studies that imply a link between miRNA role in the regulation of ubiquitine-proteasome pathways and neurodegeneration and discuss how increased knowledge of miRNAs might serve the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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