scholarly journals Risk and protective factors in adolescent behaviour: The role of family, school and neighbourhood characteristics in (mis)behaviour among young people

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emer Smyth ◽  
◽  
Merike Darmody ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Adolescent Behaviour ◽  
Neighbourhood Characteristics

Suicide and Older Adults: The Role of Risk and Protective Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Juliet Sobering ◽  
Abbie J. Brady ◽  
Lisa M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors

scholarly journals Developmental approaches to substance use and abuse

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANTE CICCHETTI ◽  
SUNIYA S. LUTHAR
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

In 1996 the Institute of Medicine (IOM, 1996) issued a report on pathways to addiction. Although focused on the use of illegal drugs, the recommendations of the committee are equally applicable to more socially condoned, but still addictive, substances such as alcohol. The IOM (1996) report articulated the types of research that would be needed to expand the understanding of the etiology of drug use disorders, including the following: (a) multidisciplinary research to investigate the combined effects of biological, psychosocial, and contextual factors as they relate to the development of drug use, abuse, and dependence; (b) studies of sufficient duration to enable follow-up of participants in determining the role of risk and protective factors related to the transition from drug use to abuse to dependence; (c) research investigating the role of family factors in the etiology of drug use and abuse; (d) examination of psychopathology as a precursor to drug use and abuse in adolescents and adults; (e) studies of risk and protective factors related to drug use and abuse, especially during discrete developmental stages; and (f) investigation of childhood risk and protective factors that are associated with drug abuse and dependence. In reflecting on these comprehensive goals, striking similarities emerge with respect to these research foci and the field of developmental psychopathology (Cicchetti & Cohen, 1995; Cicchetti & Toth, 1991). Specifically, the principles that guide inquiries conceptualized within a developmental psychopathology framework can be applied toward the conduct of studies designed to address the agenda generated by the IOM (1996) report on substance abuse.

scholarly journals Risk and protective factors associated with BV chronicity among women in Rakai, Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-386
Author(s):  
Marie E Thoma ◽  
Rebecca M Brotman ◽  
Ronald H Gray ◽  
Nelson K Sewankambo ◽  
Maria J Wawer
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Microbial Agents

ObjectivesTo assess risk and protective factors associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) chronicity ascertained by Nugent score criteria.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study included 255 sexually experienced, postmenarcheal women who provided weekly self-collected vaginal swabs for up to 2 years. Vaginal swabs were scored using Nugent criteria and classified as normal (≤3), intermediate (4–6) and Nugent-BV (≥7). Detailed behavioural/health information were assessed every 6 months. A per-woman longitudinal summary measure of BV chronicity was defined as the percentage of each woman’s weekly vaginal assessments scored as Nugent-BV over a 6-month interval. Risk and protective factors associated with BV chronicity were assessed using multiple linear regression with generalised estimating equations.ResultsAverage BV chronicity was 39% across all follow-up periods. After adjustment, factors associated with BV chronicity included baseline Nugent-BV (β=35.3, 95% CI 28.6 to 42.0) compared with normal baseline Nugent scores and use of unprotected water for bathing (ie, rainwater, pond, lake/stream) (β=12.0, 95% CI 3.4 to 20.5) compared with protected water sources (ie, well, tap, borehole). Women had fewer BV occurrences if they were currently pregnant (β=−6.6, 95% CI −12.1 to 1.1), reported consistent condom use (β=−7.7, 95% CI −14.2 to 1.3) or their partner was circumcised (β=−5.8, 95% CI −11.3 to 0.3).ConclusionsFactors associated with higher and lower values of BV chronicity were multifactorial. Notably, higher values of BV chronicity were associated with potentially contaminated bathing water. Future studies should examine the role of waterborne microbial agents in the pathogenesis of BV.

scholarly journals Transdiagnostic Risk and Protective Factors for Psychopathology in Young People: Systematic Review Protocol

10.2196/19779 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e19779
Author(s):  
Samantha Jane Lynch ◽  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
Nicola Claire Newton ◽  
Cath Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Mental and substance use disorders are among the leading causes of burden of disease worldwide, with risk of onset peaking between the ages of 13 and 24 years. Comorbidity is also common among young people and complicates research, diagnosis and assessment, and clinical decision making. There is increasing support for empirically derived models of psychopathology that overcome issues of comorbidity and provide a transdiagnostic framework for investigating the specificity and generality of risk and protective factors for psychopathology. Objective This systematic review aims to identify transdiagnostic risk and protective factors for psychopathology in young people by synthesizing and evaluating findings from research investigating empirically based models of psychopathology. Methods Searches will be conducted in Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases. Reference lists of selected articles will also be hand searched for other relevant publications. All studies will be screened against eligibility criteria designed to identify studies that examined empirical models of psychopathology in relation to risk and/or protective factors in young people with a mean age between 10 and 24 years. Study quality will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists for Cohort Studies and Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Findings will be summarized in a narrative synthesis, and a meta-analysis will be conducted if sufficient data are available. Results This review is ongoing. At the time of submission, full-text screening was completed, and hand searching of selected articles was underway. Results are expected to be completed by the end of 2020. Conclusions This protocol is for a systematic review of evidence for transdiagnostic risk and protective factors associated with empirically based models of psychopathology in young people. To our knowledge, the critical synthesis of this evidence will be the first to date and will provide a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the onset and maintenance of psychopathology in young people. Insights drawn from the review will provide critical new knowledge to improve the targeting of interventions to prevent or reduce mental health problems. Trial Registration This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020161368) and is available via Open Science Framework. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/19779

scholarly journals Social-Ecological Predictors of Opioid Use Among Adolescents With Histories of Substance Use Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Nichols ◽  
Jonathan A. Pedroza ◽  
Christopher M. Fleming ◽  
Kaitlin M. O’Brien ◽  
Emily E. Tanner-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Perceived Availability ◽  
Social Ecological

Adolescent opioid misuse is a public health crisis, particularly among clinical populations of youth with substance misuse histories. Given the negative and often lethal consequences associated with opioid misuse among adolescents, it is essential to identify the risk and protective factors underlying early opioid misuse to inform targeted prevention efforts. Understanding the role of parental risk and protective factors is particularly paramount during the developmental stage of adolescence. Using a social-ecological framework, this study explored the associations between individual, peer, family, community, and school-level risk and protective factors and opioid use among adolescents with histories of substance use disorders (SUDs). Further, we explored the potential moderating role of poor parental monitoring in the associations between the aforementioned risk and protective factors and adolescent opioid use. Participants included 294 adolescents (Mage = 16 years; 45% female) who were recently discharged from substance use treatment, and their parents (n = 323). Results indicated that lifetime opioid use was significantly more likely among adolescents endorsing antisocial traits and those whose parents reported histories of substance abuse. Additionally, adolescents reporting more perceived availability of substances were significantly more likely to report lifetime opioid use compared to those reporting lower perceived availability of substances. Results did not indicate any significant moderation effects of parental monitoring on any associations between risk factors and lifetime opioid use. Findings generally did not support social-ecological indicators of opioid use in this high-risk population of adolescents, signaling that the social-ecological variables tested may not be salient risk factors among adolescents with SUD histories. We discuss these findings in terms of continuing care options for adolescents with SUD histories that target adolescents’ antisocial traits, perceived availability of substances, and parent histories of substance abuse, including practical implications for working with families of adolescents with SUD histories.

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