scholarly journals Oviposition Behavior of Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles coluzzii Females According to the Ovitrap Color and Presence of Fertilizer in Breeding Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djiappi-Tchamen Borel ◽  
Nchoutpouen Elysée ◽  
Talipouo Abdoul ◽  
NKahe Diane Leslie ◽  
Bamou Roland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Breeding Sites

scholarly journals Ecological plasticity to ions concentration determines genetic response and dominance of Anopheles coluzzii larvae in urban coastal habitats of Central Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil M. Longo-Pendy ◽  
Billy Tene-Fossog ◽  
Robert E. Tawedi ◽  
Ousman Akone-Ella ◽  
Celine Toty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Plastic Response ◽  
Coastal Habitats ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Rural Sites

AbstractIn Central Africa, the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii is predominant in urban and coastal habitats. However, little is known about the environmental factors that may be involved in this process. Here, we performed an analysis of 28 physicochemical characteristics of 59 breeding sites across 5 urban and rural sites in coastal areas of Central Africa. We then modelled the relative frequency of An. coluzzii larvae to these physicochemical parameters in order to investigate environmental patterns. Then, we assessed the expression variation of 10 candidate genes in An. coluzzii, previously incriminated with insecticide resistance and osmoregulation in urban settings. Our results confirmed the ecological plasticity of An. coluzzii larvae to breed in a large range of aquatic conditions and its predominance in breeding sites rich in ions. Gene expression patterns were comparable between urban and rural habitats, suggesting a broad response to ions concentrations of whatever origin. Altogether, An. coluzzii exhibits a plastic response to occupy both coastal and urban habitats. This entails important consequences for malaria control in the context of the rapid urban expansion in Africa in the coming years.

scholarly journals Oviposition Preferences and Behavior of Wild-Caught and Laboratory-Reared Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Relation to Substrate Particle Size

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Manley ◽  
Michael Melzer ◽  
Helen Spafford
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Oviposition Preferences ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Substrate Particle

The coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), has become one of the most important coconut and oil palm pests. This species was detected attacking coconut palms on Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi in December 2013, and an eradication program was initiated. One of the major challenges for eradication has been the identification of new breeding sites. Information on the factors influencing oviposition is needed to aid in finding sites likely to host the immature stages of this insect. In this study, a series of choice tests were conducted to assess the oviposition preferences of both laboratory-reared and wild-caught CRB. Mated females, of both lab-reared and wild-caught beetles, were offered for oviposition a choice between sand and two mulch substrates, one with small and one with large particle sizes. Both types of CRB laid eggs preferentially in substrate of small particle size rather than large and none laid eggs in sand. Lab-reared and wild-caught CRB differed in their oviposition behavior and size. These results can be used to aid in the identification of breeding sites for management programs and eradication efforts.

A field trial of the synthetic oviposition pheromone with Culex quinquefasciatus say (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Otieno ◽  
T. O. Onyango ◽  
M. M. Pile ◽  
B. R. Laurence ◽  
G. W. Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Insect Growth ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
A Site ◽  
Effervescent Tablet ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe synthetic attractant pheromone 6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide in a formulation of 20 mg containing 5 mg of the active (−)-(5R,6S)-isomer in an effervescent tablet produced a high, positive overall response by gravid females of Culex quinquefasciatus Say when the mosquitoes were exposed to the pheromone in established breeding sites in western Kenya. Significantly more females (82%) oviposited around the pheromone source compared to a control. The activity of the pheromone persisted in the established breeding place for four days after application. The addition of the insect growth regulator S-31183 (2-[1-methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethoxy]pyridine) to the formulation did not affect the activity of the pheromone. Newly-made breeding sites exposed domestically were not attractive initially for oviposition by gravid females but, after 18 days, they became more attractive. Trays treated with synthetic pheromone diverted females from similar unbaited trays exposed within 10 m. A sample of larvae taken from a site treated with pheromone and insect growth regulator showed 100% mortality by the pupal stage. Thus, the efficacy of the pheromone has been demonstrated for the first time in the field and the possibility of using this material in combination with a ‘safe’ insecticide confirmed.

scholarly journals Analysis of toxicity on Bacillus sphaericus from amazonian soils to Anopheles darlingi and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleilza de Castro Litaiff ◽  
Wanderli Pedro Tadei ◽  
Jorge Ivan Rebelo Porto ◽  
Ila Maria de Aguiar Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
High Effectiveness

Bioassays under laboratory conditions aiming to determine the larvicidal activity of Bacillus sphaericus were carried out on Anopheles darlingi and Culex quinquefasciatus. In order to estimate the toxicity through median lethal concentration (LC50) and the relative potency of the strains to B. sphaericus standard strain 2362, probit analysis was performed utilizing the POLO-PC program. The findings of LC50 pointed out high effectiveness on strains IB15 (0.040 ppm), IB19 and S1116 (0.048 ppm), IB16 (0.052 ppm) and S265 (0.057 ppm). Strain IB15 presented nearly 50% more potency than strain 2362 in bioassays conducted on A. darlingi. It was observed that IB16 and S1116 strains were the most powerful against C. quinquefasciatus, showing to be about 300-400% stronger than 2362 strain. The results show that laboratory conditioned evaluation can be an important way to select promising bacteria with entomopathogenic action on biolarvicides production for use on mosquitoes breeding sites.

Field observations on competitive displacement, at the preimaginal stage, of Culex quinquefasciatus Say by Culex cinereus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) at the Kenya Coast

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Subra ◽  
R. D. Dransfield
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Competitive Displacement ◽  
Preimaginal Stage ◽  
Breeding Sites

AbstractIn certain areas of the Kenya coast, Culex quinquefasciatus Say is unable to maintain itself in breeding sites (flooded pit latrines) which it has to share with C. cinereus Theo. The pattern of settlement of the two species and the replacement of C. quinquefasciatus by C. cinereus were studied from May to November 1980 by monitoring newly emerged males as they departed from two breeding sites located in a small village near Mombasa. C. quinquefasciatus was the first species to be recorded from both sites, soon after they were flooded by the early rains. C. cinereus came later and did not increase markedly until after the late rains. The pattern of replacement of C. quinquefasciatus by C. cinereus was similar in the two breeding sites; the former species was unable to maintain itself once C. cinereus started to increase. Studies in another village showed that, after displacement, egg laying by C. quinquefasciatus continued but at a much reduced level. It is suggested that this is an example of competition-mediated succession occurring annually, with C. quinquefasciatus being better adapted to exploit rapidly the newly flooded sites but unable to sustain later competition from C. cinereus.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Boswellia dalzielii (Burseraceae) Leaf Fractions against Immature Stages of Anopheles gambiae (Giles) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S37188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lame Younoussa ◽  
Elias Nchiwan Nukenine ◽  
Charles Okechukwu Esimone
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae Giles

Mosquitoes are vectors of several human pathogens, and great attention has recently been placed on insecticides from plant-derived products, in search for mosquito control agents. This study, thus, investigated the potency of Boswellia dalzielii methanol leaf extract and its four fractions as mosquito ovicide, larvicide, and pupicide against Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus. The plant products were tested at the following concentrations: 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm on eggs and 312.5, 625, 1250, and 2500 ppm on the larvae and pupae of the mosquitoes. For results, hatchability of A. gambiae eggs was reduced to 5% with n-hexane fraction at 2000 ppm. Among the plant products tested, n-hexane fraction was most toxic against A. gambiae (LC50 = 385.9 ppm) and C. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 3394.9 ppm). The n-hexane fraction of B. dalzielii might be used as a mosquitocidal agent in the breeding sites of A. gambiae and C. quinquefasciatus.

scholarly journals Investigation of the seasonal microbiome of Anopheles coluzzii in Mali

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J Krajacich ◽  
Diana L Huestis ◽  
Adama Dao ◽  
Alpha S Yaro ◽  
Moussa Diallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Initial Hypothesis

The poorly understood mechanisms of the seasonal maintenance of Anopheles spp. mosquitoes through the dry season in Africa remain a critical gap in our knowledge of Plasmodium disease transmission. While it is thought that adult mosquitoes remain in a dormant state throughout this seven-month dry season, the nature of this state remains unknown and has largely not been recapitulated in laboratory settings. To elucidate possible life history traits allowing for this phenotype, the spatiotemporal change in the microbiome of mosquitoes in the dry and wet seasons in Mali was analyzed by sequencing the 16S ribosome bacterial region in whole bodies of adult mosquitoes collected from two locations with varying water availability. These locations were a village near the Niger River with year-round water sources (N’Gabakoro, “Riparian”), and an area closer to the Sahara with highly seasonal breeding sites (Thierola Area, “Sahelian”). The 16S bacterial data consisted of 2057 unique sequence variants in 426 genera across 184 families. With these, we found several compositional differences that were seasonally and spatially linked. Counter to our initial hypothesis, there was a more pronounced seasonal difference in the bacterial microbiome in the Riparian than Sahelian area. These major seasonal shifts were in Ralstonia, Sphingorhabdus, and Duganella spp. bacteria that are usually soil and water-associated, indicating that these changes may be from bacteria acquired in the larval environment, rather than during adulthood. In the Sahelian dry season mosquitoes, there was a unique intracellular bacteria, Anaplasma, which likely was acquired through non-human blood feeding. Coupled with this finding, cytochrome B analysis showed a greater heterogeneity in host choice of An. coluzzii independent of season in the Thierola area compared to N’Gabakoro (77.5% vs. 94.6% human-origin blood meal, respectively), which may indicate a relaxation of anthropophily in some locations. This study highlights the diversity present in the bacterial composition of individual mosquitoes, characterizes the spatial and seasonal differences in this composition, and indicates some possible qualitative biomarkers in areas of intense seasonal change.

scholarly journals DIVERSITY, DOMINANCY, AND PERIODICITY OF MOSQUITOES IN FILARIASIS ENDEMIC AREAS IN SAMBOREJO VILLAGE TIRTO DISTRICT PEKALONGAN REGENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Periodicity Pattern ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Vector-borne mosquito diseases are still as a public health problem in the world, including in Indonesia.  Many of mosquitoes species are significantly as vectors of patogen, such as virus, bacteria, protozoan, and helminths due to human health. Samborejo Village is one of filariasis endemic areas and it is still in a high mf-rate. Each of mosquito species has a differential of distribution, bioactivities pattern, and type of habitat of their breeding sites  with others.  The objective of this study was to determine the diversity, dominancy, and periodicity pattern of mosquitoes during night time in Samborejo Village Tirto Distric Pekalongan Regency.  Mosquitoes collections were done by landing method, from 6 pm - 6 am of in an hour period of collection, for biting and resting  activities and also for indoor and outdoor collection respectively. Mosquitoes were then identified and the diversity was analized by Shannon-Wienner Index. The total number of each species was served in percent. Totally there were 339 collected mosquitoes, consisting of 165 (48.67%) females and 174 (51.33%) males. Of all, there were 4 species identified which were Culex quinquefasciatus  (92.1%), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (0.6%), Culex vishnui (1.8%), and Aedes aegypti (5.5%). Samborejo Village showed in low diversity with the index of 0.338, and Cx. quinquefasciatus to be the dominant species in this area. Culex quinquefasciatus also became the frequent species in each period of collection for indoor and outdoor, and it showed the indoor active biting at 9 pm, 01 am, and 03 am; furthermore, the outdoor active biting was  at midnight (00) and at 03 am. However,  Aedes mosquitoe was showed active biting in earlier, it was at 6 pm, 7 pm, and at 02 am.

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