scholarly journals Oviposition Preferences and Behavior of Wild-Caught and Laboratory-Reared Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Relation to Substrate Particle Size

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Manley ◽  
Michael Melzer ◽  
Helen Spafford
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Oviposition Preferences ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Substrate Particle

The coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), has become one of the most important coconut and oil palm pests. This species was detected attacking coconut palms on Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi in December 2013, and an eradication program was initiated. One of the major challenges for eradication has been the identification of new breeding sites. Information on the factors influencing oviposition is needed to aid in finding sites likely to host the immature stages of this insect. In this study, a series of choice tests were conducted to assess the oviposition preferences of both laboratory-reared and wild-caught CRB. Mated females, of both lab-reared and wild-caught beetles, were offered for oviposition a choice between sand and two mulch substrates, one with small and one with large particle sizes. Both types of CRB laid eggs preferentially in substrate of small particle size rather than large and none laid eggs in sand. Lab-reared and wild-caught CRB differed in their oviposition behavior and size. These results can be used to aid in the identification of breeding sites for management programs and eradication efforts.

Study on the Effect of Streambed Substrate on Invertebrate Diversity

2014 ◽  
Vol 937 ◽  
pp. 491-494
Author(s):  
Zhi Wen Luo ◽  
Wen Yan Wu ◽  
Kun Le
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Stream Ecosystems ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Invertebrate Diversity ◽  
Invertebrate Composition ◽  
Substrate Particle

Invertebrates are important components of stream ecosystems. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of substrate particle size, shape and roughness on the composition and biodiversity of invertebrates. The results show that the particle sizes, porosity,and interstial dimensions of the substrate affect the invertebrate community,while the shape and surface roughness of the substrate do not strongly affect the benthos composition and density. The invertebrate composition in the gravel is stable. The density and species richness in the gravels, leaf humus and are much higher than those in the black silt and sands.

scholarly journals Fertilization methods and substrate particle size differentially affect growth and macronutrient status of Laelia anceps subsp. anceps

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 12211
Author(s):  
Olga TEJEDA-SARTORIUS ◽  
Yolanda L. FERNÁNDEZ-PAVÍA ◽  
María G. PERALTA-SÁNCHEZ ◽  
Libia I. TREJO-TÉLLEZ
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Substrate Particle

The effects of three fertilization methods (FM) using the Peters Professional® 30N-10P-10K water soluble fertilizer were analyzed: fertilization in irrigation water (FIW), foliar fertilization (FF), and their combination (FIW + FF), as well as two substrate particle sizes (SuPS): larger particle size (LPS) and smaller particle size (SPS), on the growth and macronutrient status of Laelia anceps subsp. anceps (Orchidaceae). A 3 × 2 factorial experiment was established. Aerial and root growth, dry weight and concentration of macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in leaves, pseudobulbs, and roots were all evaluated. The interaction of the study factors resulted in a greater number of leaves, while by simple effects, greater leaf area, number of pseudobulbs, root volume, and dry matter of leaves and roots were obtained, when FIW and LPS were used. With FF, greater growth in root volume was observed. There were no differences in the concentration of N in the growth organs analyzed, but due to the interaction of factors, a higher concentration of P, K, Mg, and S was observed in roots, mainly with FIW + FF and SPS; although for P, there was a higher concentration in FIW and LPS. In the case of SPS, the concentrations of K and S were higher in leaves, and in pseudobulbs P, K, Ca, Mg, and S were higher. The results showed that there are positive effects on plant growth when FIW and LPS are used, while higher concentrations of nutrients in leaves, pseudobulbs and mainly in roots are observed when using SPS.

Trap catches of the coconut rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) in New Britain

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
New Britain ◽  
High Rainfall Area

AbstractThe trend in the relative populations of Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) in two areas of the Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain, was studied by trapping adults searching for breeding sites. In a high rainfall area with 10-year-old palms and many possible breeding sites, there was a large initial population of beetles which declined over the next three years with the gradual disappearance of the breeding sites; weekly catches were higher when the undergrowth in the trapping area was slashed, and to some extent also at new moon; catches were depressed by heavy rain. The ♂/♂ sex ratio was 0·31; all females had mated and had mature eggs in the lower ends of the oviducts. These results were compared with those from a low rainfall area with 70-year-old palms and dispersed breeding sites. Catches were generally lower; they showed no long term trend and were not related to slashing or weekly rainfall, but were inversely related to the number of rainy days per week.

A Study on the Tolerance Value and Biodiversity of Benthic Macroinvertebrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3283-3286
Author(s):  
Zhi Wen Luo ◽  
Wen Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Community ◽  
Stream Ecosystems ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Substrate Particle

Macroinvertebrates are important components of stream ecosystems. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of substrate particle size, shape, and roughness on the composition and biodiversity of macroinvertebrates. The results show that the particle sizes, porosity, and interstial dimensions of the substrate affect the macroinvertebrate community, while the shape and surface roughness of the substrate do not strongly affect the macrobenthos composition and density. The macroinvertebrate composition in gravel is stable. The density and species richness in the gravels, leaf humus and are much higher than those in the black silt and sands.

Stream habitat hydraulics: interannual variability in three reaches of Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna J Giberson ◽  
Daniel Caissie
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Substrate Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Substrate Particle ◽  
Different Levels

The hydraulic habitat of 12 sites in a small salmon stream in central New Brunswick was investigated between 1992 and 1995 to determine patterns of habitat (substrate) stability between and within reaches. Stability was evaluated by measuring particle size distribution in replicated erosional and depositional sites in each reach and calculating the proportion of the bed predicted to be in motion at given flood flows. Erosional (riffle) sites in all reaches showed significant differences (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in substrate particle sizes from year to year, movement of embedded sediment samplers, and high predicted bedload mevement, even in small spates. In contrast, depositional sites (flats, some runs) appeared stable, showing no significant year-to-year differences in particle sizes, no movement of embedded samplers, and no increase in predicted bedload movement until high flow. The impact of the flood on the streambed depends heavily on the particle size distribution present during the flood, resulting in different levels of substrate disturbance during equal-magnitude floods in different years. Certain sites (e.g., flats) may be able to serve as hydraulic refugia to stream fauna during some floods. It is clear that year-to-year variations in substrate stability must be considered when evaluating habitat stability for stream fauna.

Introduction and establishment of baculovirus for the control of rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the Andaman Islands (India)

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Andaman Islands ◽  
Virus Release ◽  
Adult Beetle ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Beetle Population ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Population Suppression

AbstractThe Kerala isolate of Oryctes baculovirus (OBV-KI) was introduced into the Andaman Islands in May 1987 for the population suppression of Oryctes rhinoceros (Linnaeus). The virus was released initially at four locations along the island chain. In all the places of virus release, damage to coconut palms was reduced by about 90% within 43 months of release. At one place of virus release, Sipighat, the adult beetle population in the field was reduced by 80% within 18 months and by 96% by the end of 55th month of release. Sixty per cent of the adult beetle population in the field showed symptoms of infection 30 months after virus release. The decline in the numbers of breeding sites at Viper Island and Sipighat were 100% and 98% respectively at the end of 43 months of virus release. The rate of spread of the virus in the field was estimated to be about 1 km/month. The beetle population remained at low levels after the establishment of the virus in these islands.

Surface energy of cellulosic materials: The effect of particle morphology, particle size, and hydroxyl number

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUCHENG PENG ◽  
DOUGLAS J. GARDNER
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Dispersion Component ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Lower Temperature

Understanding the surface properties of cellulose materials is important for proper commercial applications. The effect of particle size, particle morphology, and hydroxyl number on the surface energy of three microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparations and one nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) preparation were investigated using inverse gas chromatography at column temperatures ranging from 30ºC to 60ºC. The mean particle sizes for the three MCC samples and the NFC sample were 120.1, 62.3, 13.9, and 9.3 μm. The corresponding dispersion components of surface energy at 30°C were 55.7 ± 0.1, 59.7 ± 1.3, 71.7 ± 1.0, and 57.4 ± 0.3 mJ/m2. MCC samples are agglomerates of small individual cellulose particles. The different particle sizes and morphologies of the three MCC samples resulted in various hydroxyl numbers, which in turn affected their dispersion component of surface energy. Cellulose samples exhibiting a higher hydroxyl number have a higher dispersion component of surface energy. The dispersion component of surface energy of all the cellulose samples decreased linearly with increasing temperature. MCC samples with larger agglomerates had a lower temperature coefficient of dispersion component of surface energy.

Physical and bacterial processes affecting suspended particulate matter in a tidal river

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
Yasunori Kozuki ◽  
Yoshihiko Hosoi ◽  
Hitoshi Murakami ◽  
Katuhiro Kawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Tidal River ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
And Behavior

In order to clarify the origin and behavior of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in a tidal river, variation of SPM in a tidal river was investigated with regard to its size and constituents. SPM was separated into three groups according to size. Change of contents of titanium and organic substances of each group of SPM was examined. SPM which was discharged by run-off was transported with decomposition and sedimentation in a tidal river. Concentration of SPM with a particle size greater than 0.45 μm increased due to resuspension in a tidal river. Origin of SPM with a size of less than 0.45 μm at upstream areas was from natural soil and most of such SPM which had been transported settled near a river mouth. It was determined from examination of the CN ratio and the ratio of the number of attached bacteria to free bacteria that SPM with a size greater than 1.0 μm at upstream areas was decomposing intensively. At the downstream areas, SPM with a size of less than 0.45 μm came from the sea. SPM with particle size greater than 1.0 μm consisted of plankton and substances which were decomposed sufficiently while flowing.

scholarly journals Effect of particle size on phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Prasedya ◽  
A. Frediansyah ◽  
N. W. R. Martyasari ◽  
B. K. Ilhami ◽  
A. S. Abidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

AbstractSample particle size is an important parameter in the solid–liquid extraction system of natural products for obtaining their bioactive compounds. This study evaluates the effect of sample particle size on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of brown macroalgae Sargassum cristaefolium. The crude ethanol extract was extracted from dried powders of S.cristeafolium with various particle sizes (> 4000 µm, > 250 µm, > 125 µm, > 45 µm, and < 45 µm). The ethanolic extracts of S.cristaefolium were analysed for Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), phenolic compound concentration and antioxidant activities. The extract yield and phytochemical composition were more abundant in smaller particle sizes. Furthermore, the TPC (14.19 ± 2.08 mg GAE/g extract to 43.27 ± 2.56 mg GAE/g extract) and TFC (9.6 ± 1.8 mg QE/g extract to 70.27 ± 3.59 mg QE/g extract) values also significantly increased as particle sizes decreased. In addition, phenolic compounds epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) concentration were frequently increased in samples of smaller particle sizes based on two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison analysis. These results correlate with the significantly stronger antioxidant activity in samples with smaller particle sizes. The smallest particle size (< 45 µm) demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity based on DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl assay and FRAP. In addition, ramp function graph evaluates the desired particle size for maximum phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity is 44 µm. In conclusion, current results show the importance of particle size reduction of macroalgae samples to increase the effectivity of its biological activity.

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