scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis of generative bodies and leaves in Acer negundo and A. platanoides

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Алла Георгиевна Куклина ◽  
Наталья Степановна Цыбулько
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Acer Negundo ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances

Проведен фитохимический анализ цветков, плодов и листьев по содержанию биологически активных веществ на двух видах клена: инвазионном Acer negundo L. и аборигенном A. platanoides L. (Sapindaceae Juss). У 40 образцов, собранных в 5 популяциях Московского региона, найдены сумма флавоноидов, содержание аскорбиновой кислоты и суммы органических кислот по стандартным методикам Государственной фармакопеи РФ. В данном исследовании впервые обнаружено, что максимальное накопление флавоноидов (1,75-1,94 мг%) фиксируется в мужских цветках A. negundo. Содержание витамина С в цветках (до 53 мг%), плодах и листьях A. negundo на 25-30 % больше, чем в аналогичных органах у A. platanoides. По мере созревания плодов содержание флавоноидов, аскорбиновой кислоты и органических кислот (до 8 %) у инвазионного и аборигенного видов клена снижается почти в 1,5 раза. Листья мужских и женских особей A. negundo по насыщенности флавоноидами, витамином С и органическими кислотами не отличаются. Выявлено, что цветки A. negundo и A. platanoides, являются наиболее перспективным источником биологически активных веществ - флавоноидов, включая катехины, антоцианы, лейкоантоцианы и флавонолы, а также аскорбиновой кислоты. Сбор растительного сырья рекомендуется проводить в экологически чистых фитоценозах, поскольку известно о способности растений A. negundo аккумулировать из почвы и воздуха тяжелые металлы. A phytochemical analysis of flowers, fruits, and leaves revealing the biologically active substances in two types of maple: invasive Acer negundo L. and native A. platanoides L. (Sapindaceae Juss) was carried out. In 40 samples collected in 5 populations of the Moscow Region, a sum of flavonoids, the presence of ascorbic acid, and organic acids were found according to the standard methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. We discovered for the first time that the maximum accumulation of flavonoids (1.75-1.94 mg%) is in male flowers of A. negundo. The content of vitamin C in flowers (up to 53 mg%), fruits, and leaves of A. negundo is 25-30% higher than in similar organs in A. platanoides. As the fruit ripens, the content of flavonoids, vitamin C, and organic acids (up to 8%) in invasive and native species of maple decreases by almost 1.5 times. The leaves of male and female trees of A. negundo do not differ in saturation with flavonoids, vitamin C, and organic acids. Flowers of A. negundo and A. platanoides are the most promising source of biologically active substances - flavonoids, including catechins, anthocyanins, leukoanthocyanins, and flavonols, as well as ascorbic acid. The collection of plant substances is recommended in ecologically clean phytocenoses since A. negundo can accumulate heavy metals from soil and air.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis of Elaeagnus argentea Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
N. A. Salnikova ◽  
Yu. V. Shur ◽  
A. A. Tsibizova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. Currently, close attention in the field of pharmacy and medicine is directed to the search for new sources of biologically active substances of various origins, including vegetable. The woody plant Elaeagnus argentea is considered as a promising source. Despite its widespread use in the food industry, folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, restorative, antimicrobial agent, the chemical composition of this plant has not been sufficiently studied.Aim. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the main groups of biologically active substances (BAS) in the raw material (leaves) of Elaeagnus argentea growing on the territory of the Astrakhan region for further development of a methodology for standardizing the raw material of this plant.Materials and methods. The leaves of Elaeagnus argentea were harvested in the spring in the eastern part of the delta of the Astrakhan region (Volga region). Drying of raw materials was carried out in natural conditions. In the study, unified methods were used: to determine the amount of flavonoids and saponins, the spectrophotometric method was used, ascorbic acid - the titrimetric method. For the analysis of flavonoids in the leaves of Elaeagnus argentea, an aqueous-alcoholic solution of 70 % concentration was used as an extractant. The quantitative content of flavonoids was determined in the obtained raw material extract in terms of luteolin-7-glucoside. The amount of saponins in the leaves of Elaeagnus argentea was determined in terms of oleanolic acid. 96 % ethanol was used as an extractant. The quantitative determination of ascorbic acid in the aqueous extract of crushed raw materials was carried out by titrimetry based on the ability to reduce 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol.Results and discussion. In the pharmacognostic study of biologically active substances in the leaves of Elaeagnus argentea, the content of ascorbic acid was found to be at least 0.32 %, the amount of flavonoids in terms of luteolin-7-glucoside was at least 1.92 %; saponins - 2.38 %; which indicates the need for a more detailed study of the phytochemical composition of other morphological groups of the plant Elaeagnus argentea growing in the Astrakhan region.Conclusion. The data obtained during the study can be used to confirm the quality of raw materials (leaves) of Elaeagnus argentea. A more detailed study of leaves for the presence of other groups of biologically active substances will make it possible to use the obtained data for the development of regulatory documents for medicinal plant raw materials «Elaeagnus argentea leaves».

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CONSERVATION METHOD (FREEZING AND DRYING) ON COMPOSITION AND CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN ROSACEAE FRUITS (CRUDE HERBAL DRUGS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna Sergunova ◽  
Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Conservation Method

Objective: Now, five crude herbal drugs (CHD) of fruit morphological group (fruits) related to Rosaceae family included in the Russian State Pharmacopoeia XI and XIII editions: Fructus Rosae (Rosa cinnamomea L. and other species), Fructus Crataegi (Crataegus sanguinea Pall. and other species), Fructus Sorbi (Sorbus aucuparia L.), Fructus Rubi (Rubus idaeus L.), and Fructus Aroniae (Aronia melanocarpa [Michx.] Elliott).The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of freezing and oven drying on the composition and content of individual groups of biologically active substances (BAS) in Rosaceae fruits.Methods: The groups of BAS were investigated by UV spectrophotometry (flavonoids and anthocyanins), galvanostatic coulometry titration (organic acids), gravimetry (polysaccharides), and titration with potassium permanganate (tannins).Results: The relation between content of BAS (total free organic acids, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, total tannins, and total polysaccharides) and fruits conservation method was determined. In frozen fruits total polysaccharides, total free organic acids, ascorbic acid content decreases by 5–7%, total flavonoids and total tannins content - 10–15%, total anthocyanins content - 25–30%. Fruits oven drying at 60–80°C leads to more significant losses of total anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and total free organic acids.Conclusion: The study of BAS stability in frozen and dried fruits was lasting for 12 months. The duration of shelf life for frozen fruits is recommended. Freezing as a conservation method allows to preserve more BAS in Rosaceae fruits. Frozen CHD can be proposed as an alternative to fresh and dried СРВ for the preparation of allopathic and homeopathic medicines.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CONSERVATION METHOD (FREEZING AND DRYING) ON COMPOSITION AND CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN ROSACEAE FRUITS (CRUDE HERBAL DRUGS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna Sergunova ◽  
Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Conservation Method

Objective: Now, five crude herbal drugs (CHD) of fruit morphological group (fruits) related to Rosaceae family included in the Russian State Pharmacopoeia XI and XIII editions: Fructus Rosae (Rosa cinnamomea L. and other species), Fructus Crataegi (Crataegus sanguinea Pall. and other species), Fructus Sorbi (Sorbus aucuparia L.), Fructus Rubi (Rubus idaeus L.), and Fructus Aroniae (Aronia melanocarpa [Michx.] Elliott).The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of freezing and oven drying on the composition and content of individual groups of biologically active substances (BAS) in Rosaceae fruits.Methods: The groups of BAS were investigated by UV spectrophotometry (flavonoids and anthocyanins), galvanostatic coulometry titration (organic acids), gravimetry (polysaccharides), and titration with potassium permanganate (tannins).Results: The relation between content of BAS (total free organic acids, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, total tannins, and total polysaccharides) and fruits conservation method was determined. In frozen fruits total polysaccharides, total free organic acids, ascorbic acid content decreases by 5–7%, total flavonoids and total tannins content - 10–15%, total anthocyanins content - 25–30%. Fruits oven drying at 60–80°C leads to more significant losses of total anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and total free organic acids.Conclusion: The study of BAS stability in frozen and dried fruits was lasting for 12 months. The duration of shelf life for frozen fruits is recommended. Freezing as a conservation method allows to preserve more BAS in Rosaceae fruits. Frozen CHD can be proposed as an alternative to fresh and dried СРВ for the preparation of allopathic and homeopathic medicines.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF AN EXTRACTANT FOR ISOLATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM A HEDYSARUM NEGLECTUM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Dmitrieva ◽  
Dyshlyuk Lubov ◽  
Fotina Natalia
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Selection Of

Global technological progress is one of the main problems of ecosystem deterioration. The high concentration of industrial enterprises contributes to the development of the region's environmental crisis and the decline in public health. An increase in the environmental pollutant contributes to the activation of oxidative stress in the human body, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases (cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc.), leading to a decrease in life expectancy and early aging of the body. To increase the adaptive abilities of the human body, it is important to use plant raw materials. A promising source of natural nutrients is the Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. In order to obtain the extract of the forgotten kopek, the method of extraction was used at room temperature with a reverse refrigerator for 2 hours. In this study, to determine the working parameters of extraction (type of extractant, concentration of extractant), a selection of various extractive substances was selected. The efficiency of the extraction process was determined by two parameters: extractivity and yield of biologically active substances. The maximum extractivity was observed when using 50 % ethyl alcohol. To determine the working concentration of the water-ethanol mixture, the prepared extracts were analyzed for the content of flavonoids, tannins, and ascorbic acid. The maximum yield of biologically active substances (flavonoids 419.02±3.58 mg%, tannins 8.10±1.03 %, ascorbic acid 691.04±3.62 mg/kg) was observed during extraction with 50% water-ethanol mixture. The obtained results suggest that the water-ethanol extract of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. it is a potential source of natural biologically active substances for creating functional food products.

scholarly journals THE CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND HEAVY METALS IN THE APPLES OF A RETAIL CHAIN IN THE LIPETSK REGION DEPENDING ON THE APPLE TREES VARIETIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav L ZAKHAROV ◽  
Tatjana V ZUBKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Retail Chain ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Apple Fruits

The relevance is based on the need to study the amount of biologically active substances and trace nutrients in apple varieties sold in the retail chain of the Lipetsk region. The purpose is to analyze the content of biologically active substances and trace nutrients of all apple varieties sold in the retail chain of the Lipetsk region. The article is the first to establish a close relationship between the term of apples ripening and the content of flavonols, pectic substances, anthocyanins, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Co in them. At the same time, the authors established a close correlation between the content of Fe and Zn in fruits (r = 0.8). Arbitration, titrimetric, photometric, iodometric, weight calcium-pectate, atomic-adsorption, ionometric, and correlation analysis methods were used to solve the tasks. In the Lipetsk region retail chain, the authors identified varieties of apples with the most significant mass of fruit and content of ascorbic acid, organic acids, dry substances, anthocyanins, flavonols, catechins, pectins, tanning and coloring substances, including tannin, carotenoids, including β- carotene, as well as mineral elements: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Co. The authors also determined the content of heavy metals in apples relative to the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). Autumn varieties contain the highest amount of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, carotene, tanning substances and coloring substances, and tannin. Winter varieties contain the least catechins, tanning, and coloring substances. The content of pectic substances, anthocyanins, and flavonols, reaches its maximum in winter varieties fruits. The content of flavonols most strongly varies, and the least - pH and content of organic acids of all the biologically active substances in apple fruits. Iron content increases with the increase in zinc content. The content of mineral elements in the summer varieties is the lowest. The content of mineral elements and flavonols in apple fruits increases with the transition from summer varieties to autumn, and then to winter. The content of iron varies the most, and least of all - cadmium of the mineral elements in fruits. The content of all mineral elements varies most strongly in winter apple varieties.

scholarly journals Flowers of Campanula species as a source of biologically active substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00033
Author(s):  
Tatiana Fomina ◽  
Tatiana Kukushkina
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Substances

The content of the major groups of biologically active substances in flowers of 7 Campanula species, cultivated in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, were investigated for the first time. Freshly collected flowers were found to contain 0.06-0.15 % of catechins, 0.31-3.17 % of flavonols, 3.31-6.47 % of tannins, 3.10-15.57 % of pectic substances, and 0.66-16.4 mg% of carotenoids calculated per absolute dre weight of raw material. The amount of ascorbic acid was 36.9-114.0 mg% per wet weight. The data indicate that Campanula flowers are promising for the production of phenolic compounds, the development of food additives and fresh consumptions a seasoning.

scholarly journals Microalgae: A Promising Source of Valuable Bioproducts

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Dolganyuk ◽  
Daria Belova ◽  
Olga Babich ◽  
Alexander Prosekov ◽  
Svetlana Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances

Microalgae are a group of autotrophic microorganisms that live in marine, freshwater and soil ecosystems and produce organic substances in the process of photosynthesis. Due to their high metabolic flexibility, adaptation to various cultivation conditions as well as the possibility of rapid growth, the number of studies on their use as a source of biologically valuable products is growing rapidly. Currently, integrated technologies for the cultivation of microalgae aiming to isolate various biologically active substances from biomass to increase the profitability of algae production are being sought. To implement this kind of development, the high productivity of industrial cultivation systems must be accompanied by the ability to control the biosynthesis of biologically valuable compounds in conditions of intensive culture growth. The review considers the main factors (temperature, pH, component composition, etc.) that affect the biomass growth process and the biologically active substance synthesis in microalgae. The advantages and disadvantages of existing cultivation methods are outlined. An analysis of various methods for the isolation and overproduction of the main biologically active substances of microalgae (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments and vitamins) is presented and new technologies and approaches aimed at using microalgae as promising ingredients in value-added products are considered.

scholarly journals Application of the Agrimonia eupatoria L. Extract for the Kvases Production

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Yuliya Miller ◽  
Olga Golub ◽  
Karina Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Active Substances

The article concerns the research of the herb Common Agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) use in the kvass manufacture, because the plant has a high content of flavoring and biologically active substances (flavonoids, tannins, arbutin, etc.). Researchers used standard, adopted in the brewing and soft drinks industry test methods and methods of processing obtained results. To produce kvass with the best quality characteristics, a man has to use Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract. In order to obtain this extract with the maximum amount of flavoring and biologically active substances (polyphenolic substances, ascorbic acid) a man must macerate 3-5 mm cut grass using purified water as a solvent in a ratio of 1:10 at a temperature of 40 ± 3 °C for 5-6 hours. Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract is an opaque brown liquid with a weak greenish tint, weakly expressed sweet-apricot aroma and taste; the mass fraction of dry substances is 3.0 ± 0.1 %; acidity – 2.5 ± 0.2 units; the content of polyphenolic substances is not less than 13.5 mg / 100 cm3; the content of ascorbic acid – not less than 4.5 mg / 100 cm3 . The authors developed kvass technology, including the preparation of kvass wort and Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract separately, its blending, fermentation, cooling, clarification and bottling. Based on the organoleptic and physical and chemical parameters obtained during the study, the researchers recommended the optimal ratio of kvass wort and Agrimonia eupatoria L.: 90:10 – 80:20. They developed regulated quality indicators of the new kvass: appearance – a transparent foaming liquid with opalescence, without foreign inclusions; color – brown with greenish tones; aroma and taste – refreshing, sweet and sour, bread, with light tones of Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract. The use of an aqueous extract from the herb Agrimonia eupatoria L. in the kvass production enables to get products with original organoleptic characteristics

ECDYSTEROIDS AND FLAVONOIDS OF SILENE GRAEFFERI

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Elena Sergeyevna Filonenko ◽  
Larisa Nikolayevna Zibareva
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Substances

In this paper Silene graefferi Guss. is recommended for the first time as a promising source of flavonoids and is a well-known producer of ecdysteroids. This perennial species is adapted to the conditions of Western Siberia and has been successfully cultivated in the Siberian Botanical garden of TSU since 2015. It was interesting to study the composition and features of accumulation of biologically active substances during the growth and development of S. graefferi. It was shown that 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B are present in the aerial and underground parts of introduced in culture S. graefferi plants during the entire vegetative development. An unidentified ecdysteroid was detected in the aerial part at the beginning of the vegetation and in the roots during the flowering phase. During vegetative development, common flavonoids and characteristic ones at different periods of plant development were found. The phase of maximum accumulation of ecdysteroids and flavonoids of S. graefferi is the beginning of vegetation, and the minimum is flowering. In the age dynamics the highest levels of biologically active substances in plants were noted at 2 and 3 years of life, then there is a general tendency to decrease with the age of the plant. From the aerial part of S. graefferi, 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B and vitexin were isolated and identified by HPLC.

scholarly journals The influence of antioxidant postharvest treatment on content of biologically active substances during storage of cucumbers

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Priss ◽  
V. Yevlash ◽  
V. Zhukova ◽  
I. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Active Substances

The influence of heat treatment with antioxidant compositions on the content of biologically active substances during storage of cucumbers is investigated. It was found that the use of the proposed treatment inhibits the activity of ascorbate oxidase by 15–18%, which allows to slow down the decomposition of ascorbic acid by 1.5 times. The content of ascorbic acid in the experimental fruit after storage for 28 days is 1.4 times higher than in the control after 21 days of storage. It was found that in the cucumbers 11–14 sm long, the synthesis of polyphenols continued in the period of storage.  The intensity of accumulation of phenolic substances proved to be different in the treated and control groups. It was shown that thermal treatment with antioxidants slowed the growth rate of total polyphenols by 20% relative to control, indicating inhibition of maturation processes. It was revealed that the activity o polyphenol oxidase during the storage of treated fruits was slowing down. It has been established that the application of said treatment substantially inhibits the degradation of chlorophylls. Rapid loss of chlorophyll caused yellowing and loss of consumer properties in the control groups after 2 weeks of storage. In processed cucumbers only 21 days of storage revealed a decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll in relation to the moment of laying. At day 28 the amount of chlorophylls in the experimental fruit is at the same level as in the control after a week of storage. It has been found that the use of the proposed treatment slows the degradation of carotenoids. The quantity of carotenoids in experimental cucumbers at the end of storage is 21–23% higher than in the control ones. The compensatory function of ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenolic substances during storage of cucumber fruits is proved.

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