scholarly journals The Plasmid Differences in Multi-Drug Resistant Opportunistic Pathogenic Soil Strains of Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Bella Babayan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives ◽  
Intergeneric Gene Transfer ◽  
In Cells

The antibiotic resistance and especially mult-idrug resistance is one of the most important factors for any microorganism survival in nature. In a majority of cases the resistance to antibiotics, as a property is being defined by several genes which are localized in plasmids, transposons and in other mobile genetical elements. As a result, it has been found out that in some native opportunistic pathogenic soil strains of Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas, the resistance to different antibiotics is caused by simultaneous presence of different plasmids in cells. Besides, the genes of resistance to various classes of antibiotics of I, II, III generations. They can be localized on one plasmid or in more than one plasmids of current bacterial cell. These plasmids of researched strains of Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas are able to stabile replication not only in cells permanently contacting with compatible antibiotic molecules in environment, but also in case of long-term cultivation of bacteria on synthetic media without any antibiotic. The antibiotic resistance of researched Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas strains, which is caused by mobile genetical elements, can be transferred among the microorganisms both in frames of one species and in interspecific and intergeneric gene transfer processes. The plasmids with the presence of genes of resistance to different antibiotics can be transferred to different microorganisms independently, with the forming of new resistant strains, which are differing in resistance to natural antimicrobial organic acidcs as well as their synthetic derivatives and it has a significant ecological and medical importance.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS IN WATER RESERVOIRS OF ROSTOV-ON-DON CITY

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
E.A. Bereznyak ◽  
A.V. Trishina ◽  
I.R. Simonova ◽  
L.M. Verkina ◽  
М.V. Poleeva
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

In 2016 and 2017 the study and analysis of the prevalence of opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms (OPM), resistant to antibacterial drugs in the water reservoirs of Rostov-on-Don were carried out. 1522 strains were isolated and 101 species of microorganisms were identified. In 2016 the percentage of nonfermentative microorganisms (NFM) was 45,9 %, Enterobacteriaceae – 28,6 % and Aeromonadaceae – 24,9 %. In 2017 dominating were the representatives of Aeromonadaceae (39,1 %) and Enterobacteriaceae (37,5 %), the portion of NFM amounted to 23,0 %. The results of OPM antibiotic resistance study demonstrate that in 2017 the proportion of sensitive and monoresistant bacteria considerably decreased, and the number of strains with multiple antibiotic resistances increased. The resistant strains isolated from the external environment should be considered as possible sources of threats to biological security.

Drug Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Cardiology Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-741
Author(s):  
Chuan Qin ◽  
Shengguang Yang ◽  
Ling Liang ◽  
Yun Xu ◽  
Chuqiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Active Efflux ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Class D ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Degree

Nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii are associated with high mortality, especially among critically ill patients. A. baumannii is highly resistant to long-term starvation, desiccation, disinfecting agents, and antibiotics, and its negative impact on the cardiology patients is particularly severe. Thus, the present study aimed at the detection of molecular markers of antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii infecting patients in a hospital cardiology unit. Drug susceptibility of 100 A. baumannii strains obtained from the patients of The Second People's Hospital of Futian District was determined, and the presence of genes coding for proteins implicated in antibiotic resistance was evaluated by conventional PCR and real-time PCR. Most of the strains found to be multi-drug resistant and strains not responding to meropenem exhibited a high degree of homology. The resistant strains expressed two genes coding for class D β-lactamases: OXA-51 and OXA-23. Moreover, the AdeB gene, coding for a component of the AdeABC active efflux pumps, was also harbored in a vast majority of meropenem-resistant A. baumannii strains. The obtained results indicate that the recognition of specific genes responsible for the resistance by molecular biology techniques provide a rapid method for identification of A. baumannii strains that do not respond to treatment with antibiotics, an issue of critical importance for cariology patients.

Long-term storage of bradyrhizobia in sterile water

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 998-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Wagner ◽  
Horace D. Skipper
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Yeast Extract Mannitol ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Term Storage

Preservation of strains of bradyrhizobia is an important aspect of legume research and development. Storage of strains of bradyrhizobia in sterile water is an inexpensive and simple method of preservation. This study was conducted to determine if bradyrhizobia strains remained viable after being stored in water for 66 months. Twenty-three bradyrhizobia strains were viable and pure after 66 months of storage in water. Nine Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains that were resistant to antibiotics remained viable and pure after 60 months of storage in water. However, three of the nine antibiotic-resistant strains lost antibiotic resistance after storage as assessed by failure to grow on yeast extract mannitol agar plates containing antibiotics. Maintenance in water should be limited to 48 months, at which time bradyrhizobia strains can be revived in media containing appropriate antibiotics and resuspended in water. These results demonstrated that bradyrhizobia strains can remain viable for at least 66 months of storage in water, but these bacteria may lose traits such as antibiotic resistance if stored too long in sterile water.Key words: bradyrhizobia, storage, water.

Tertiary nitrification in pilot-plant plug-flow fixed-film reactors with long-term ammonium deficiency

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fruhen ◽  
K. Böcker ◽  
S. Eidens ◽  
D. Haaf ◽  
M. Liebeskind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Industrial Project ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Film Reactor ◽  
Observation Period

The objective of this study is to investigate to what extent the nitrification capacity of a pilot-plant fixed-film reactor changes during extensive periods of nutrient supply deficiency. The examined pilot-plant was an upflow reactor filled with swelling clay of medium grain size (6 to 8 mm). The experiments revealed that the maximum nitrification rate remained practically constant during the first weeks after the onset of unregulated ammonium supply. The capacity declined slowly, dropping to approximately 66% of the initial capacity after about ten weeks. Still ammonium peaks of up to 8 mg/l were readily nitrified throughout the entire period of the experiment. The reduction in nitrification capacity during the observation period did not result from decay processes of biomass but from the reactor becoming blocked and thus hampering transfer processes. It could be observed that the detached organisms attached again further up. This semi-industrial project demonstrated that a plug-flow fixed-film reactor can be used as effective means of tertiary nitrification.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Biofilm Production of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolated from Dogs in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Pavarish Jantorn ◽  
Hawaree Heemmamad ◽  
Tanawan Soimala ◽  
Saowakon Indoung ◽  
Jongkon Saising ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Resistant Strains

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections in animals and humans. The study of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and its ability to produce biofilms is important to select the most suitable treatment. The prevalence and characteristics of S. pseudintermedius isolated from dogs admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand were assessed. Results showed that 28.30% (15/53) of the isolates were MRSP. Amplification of the mecA gene was observed in 93.33% (14/15) MRSP. Methicillin-resistant strains revealed co-resistant patterns against other antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, clindamycin, tetracycline, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim. In this study, all bacterial isolates produced biofilms, while 90.55% of S. pseudintermedius isolates were strong or moderate biofilm producers. Most (45–60%) of the resistant strains were strong biofilm producers, while the correlation between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance was not statistically significant. This is the first study in southern Thailand to investigate the drug-resistant profile of S. pseudintermedius and its ability to form biofilm. The results will contribute to a better understanding of the emergence and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in S. pseudintermedius.

scholarly journals Pheromone killing of multidrug-resistantEnterococcus faecalisV583 by native commensal strains

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (23) ◽  
pp. 7273-7278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Gilmore ◽  
Marcus Rauch ◽  
Matthew M. Ramsey ◽  
Paul R. Himes ◽  
Sriram Varahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Mobile Elements ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Resistant Strains

Multidrug-resistantEnterococcus faecalispossess numerous mobile elements that encode virulence and antibiotic resistance traits as well as new metabolic pathways, often constituting over one-quarter of the genome. It was of interest to determine how this large accretion of mobile elements affects competitive growth in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract consortium. We unexpectedly observed that the prototype clinical isolate strain V583 was actively killed by GI tract flora, whereas commensal enterococci flourished. It was found that killing of V583 resulted from lethal cross-talk between accumulated mobile elements and that this cross-talk was induced by a heptapeptide pheromone produced by nativeE. faecalispresent in the fecal consortium. These results highlight two important aspects of the evolution of multidrug-resistant enterococci: (i) the accretion of mobile elements inE. faecalisV583 renders it incompatible with commensal strains, and (ii) because of this incompatibility, multidrug-resistant strains sharing features found in V583 cannot coexist with commensal strains. The accumulation of mobile elements in hospital isolates of enterococci can include those that are inherently incompatible with native flora, highlighting the importance of maintaining commensal populations as means of preventing colonization and subsequent infection by multidrug-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Evidence of Another Anthropic Impact on Iguana delicatissima from the Lesser Antilles: The Presence of Antibiotic Resistant Enterobacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Gustavo Di Lallo ◽  
Marco Maria D’Andrea ◽  
Samanta Sennati ◽  
Maria Cristina Thaller ◽  
Luciana Migliore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

The improper use of antibiotics by humans may promote the dissemination of resistance in wildlife. The persistence and spread of acquired antibiotic resistance and human-associated bacteria in the environment, while representing a threat to wildlife, can also be exploited as a tool to monitor the extent of human impact, particularly on endangered animal species. Hence, we investigated both the associated enterobacterial species and the presence of acquired resistance traits in the cloacal microbiota of the critically endangered lesser Antillean iguana (Iguana delicatissima), by comparing two separate populations living in similar climatic conditions but exposed to different anthropic pressures. A combination of techniques, including direct plating, DNA sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing allowed us to characterize the dominant enterobacterial populations, the antibiotic resistant strains and their profiles. A higher frequency of Escherichia coli was found in the samples from the more anthropized site, where multi-drug resistant strains were also isolated. These results confirm how human-associated bacteria as well as their antibiotic-resistance determinants may be transferred to wildlife, which, in turn, may act as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance.

DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS OF ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Galyamova K.I.
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Diagnostic Markers ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
In Cells

Antiphospholipid syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease, the main part of pathogenesis of which is induc-tion of an inflammatory and procoagulant state in cells, thrombosis of venous and/or arterial vessels and, as a consequence, pregnancy complications. [4] Despite the long-term study of this pathology, the mechanism of its development is still not fully understood, what makes it more difficult to diagnose, prevent and treat this disease and to assess the risks of its complications.

Species diversity and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococci isolated in children of the first month of life in children’s hospitals in Nizhny Novgorod

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
N. A. Gordinskaya ◽  
E. V. Boriskina ◽  
D. V. Kryazhev
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Children's Hospitals ◽  
Children’S Hospitals ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Resistant Strains

1235 strains of Staphylococci isolated in a multidisciplinary children’s clinic were analyzed. The species and antibiotic resistance of Golden and coagulase-negative Staphylococci were studied. The most frequently identified species were: S. aureus-36.06%, S. epidermidis-23.05%, S. haemolyticus-19.7%, S. hominis-14.03%. Phenotype methicillinsensitive strains had 48.9% of the allocated staphylococci, while metitillinrezistentnykh S. aureus was identified in 25.6%, and coagulase-negative staphylococci methicillinresistant- 63.2 per cent. The frequency of associated resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides and tetracyclines have metitillinresictant strains 92,7%, 78,3%, 83,4% and 52,05% respectively, resistant Staphylococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were similar. The minimum number of resistant strains was found in relation to daptomycin, no strains resistant to vancomycin and linezolid were found. Antibiotic resistance of staphylococci in children’s hospitals is determined by the presence of the mecA gene or sensitivity to cefoxitin and does not depend on the type of strain.

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