Going Up? Canada's metropolitan areas and their role as escalators or elevators

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
Income Effect ◽  
Productivity Effect ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Social Advancement ◽  
To Receive

 Canada’s major metropolitan areas offer multiple opportunities for economic and social advancement for in-migrants. As such, young adults may be attracted to these locations. In-migrants to Toronto have been observed to receive a substantial income benefit associated with migration into Toronto that is consistent with a productivity effect. This income effect is greater than the income benefit received by migrants elsewhere in the system or those who did not migrate. However, migration into Toronto did not lead to an acceleration in income gains consistent with the more rapid career progression expected to result from the migration into an escalator region.Consequently, this paper explores the income benefits for young adult migrants by considering the role of other major metropolitan areas within Canada, and whether they function similar to Toronto as escalators, or serve other roles that are unique to employment sector and type.

School Leavers With Verified Disabilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 327-366
Author(s):  
Helena Stark
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Youth Engagement ◽  
Transition Outcomes ◽  
Employment Rates

Globally, young adult employment rates have declined in the 21st century. In Australia, youth from non-metropolitan areas have a lower engagement rate in employment than their metropolitan peers, despite one rarely hearing declarations from school leavers that they aim to be unemployed and never work. This chapter investigates transition outcomes for young adults from a non-metropolitan area through a small retrospective study. The purpose is to identify influences that may impact youth engagement in employment or training for school leavers in a small town, and that may be dissimilar from influences affecting their metropolitan counterparts. Research also focuses on the influences affecting transition to employment for school leavers with verified disabilities in non-metropolitan areas and what barriers they experience to accessing employment or study.

scholarly journals The role of partners and parents in young persistent offenders’ struggles to desist from crime

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-128
Author(s):  
Ido Weijers
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Repeat Offenders ◽  
Desistance From Crime ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article explores the role of partners and parents of young adult repeat offenders in the process of desistance from crime. First, we conducted in-depth interviews with 22 young adults who had been involved in persistent criminal activity since adolescence but had since stopped. Some, but by no means all of them, stated that their partner had played an important role in this. In contrast, hardly any of them had any doubt about the importance of their parents’ role. We then investigated whether the same views were also found among young adult offenders where it was unclear whether or not they had desisted from crime. Based on in-depth interviews with 21 young adults, we conclude that this was indeed the case except for a minority who continued to offend. This article throws new light on the role of both partners and parents in the process of desisting from crime.

scholarly journals Young Adult E-cigarette Use and Retail Exposure in 6 US Metropolitan Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Carla J Berg ◽  
Xuejing Duan ◽  
Betelihem Getachew ◽  
Kim Pulvers ◽  
Natalie D. Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Age Verification ◽  
Vape Shops

Objectives: Given the need to understand e-cigarette retail and its impact, we examined so- ciodemographic, tobacco and marijuana use, and e-cigarette retail experiences as correlates of (1) past 30-day e-cigarette use, (2) past 30-day advertising/media exposure, and (3) point-of-sale age verification among young adults. Methods: We analyzed baseline survey data (September- December, 2018) among 3006 young adults (ages 18-34) in 6 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, San Diego, Seattle) in a 2-year longitudinal study. Results: In this sample (Mage = 24.6, 42.3% male, 71.6% white, 11.4% Hispanic), 37.7% (N = 1133) were past 30-day e-cigarette users; 68.6% (N = 2062; non-users: 66.0%, users: 72.9%) reported past 30-day e-cigarette-related advertising/media exposure. Among e-cigarette users, vape shops were the most common source of e-cigarettes (44.7%) followed by online (18.2%). Among users, 34.2% were "almost always" asked for age verification. In multilevel logistic regression, e-cigarette use and advertising/media exposure were correlated (and both correlated with being younger). E- cigarette use also correlated with other tobacco product and marijuana use (and being male and white). Infrequent age verification correlated with commonly purchasing e-cigarettes online (and being older and black). Conclusions: Increased efforts are needed to reduce young adult advertising/media exposure and increase retailer compliance among retailers, particularly online and vape shops.

School Leavers With Verified Disabilities

2022 ◽  
pp. 355-394
Author(s):  
Helena Stark
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Youth Engagement ◽  
Transition Outcomes ◽  
Employment Rates

Globally, young adult employment rates have declined in the 21st century. In Australia, youth from non-metropolitan areas have a lower engagement rate in employment than their metropolitan peers, despite one rarely hearing declarations from school leavers that they aim to be unemployed and never work. This chapter investigates transition outcomes for young adults from a non-metropolitan area through a small retrospective study. The purpose is to identify influences that may impact youth engagement in employment or training for school leavers in a small town, and that may be dissimilar from influences affecting their metropolitan counterparts. Research also focuses on the influences affecting transition to employment for school leavers with verified disabilities in non-metropolitan areas and what barriers they experience to accessing employment or study.

scholarly journals Colonialism and Postcolonialism in Science Fiction for Greek Children

MANUSYA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Georgios Papantonakis
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Greek History ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Literary Colonialism ◽  
Colonialism And Postcolonialism

In contemporary Greek history we do not encounter the historical and social phenomena of colonialism or postcolonialism with the exception of cases where nations conquered Greek islands; the Dodecanese Islands and the Eptanisa (Seven Islands) were conquered by the English and the Italians, and Cyprus was conquered by the British in the Middle Ages and in contemporary times. These historical situations have been transferred into certain historical Greek fictions in adult literature and in the literature of children and young adult. The focus of this essay is on investigating and depicting colonialist attitudes and post-colonialist situations in science fiction for Greek Children. Initially, we attempt a brief introduction to the literature of children and young adults and mainly science fiction for children in Greece, and following this we outline the aims of our research. Then we define the terms “colonialism,” “postcolonialism” and the new suggested terms “historical colonialism” and “literary colonialism” and refer to their relationship with science fiction. This is due to the fact that the setting of these narratives “is dictated” by a group of events that the writers themselves have either brought about or believe will take place in the future. Afterwards we point out the criteria that are used to distinguish between five types of colonization in the texts and we investigate at greater length the role that children and adolescents play in the texts, as they participate actively as liberators and saviors, as protectors for peace and the environment or as characters that take on the roles of adults. The children and young adults remain passive spectators of a peaceful colonization or do not participate in the action since the heroes in the story are insects. In this case, they are limited to the role of reader. Through the study of these texts, we detect similarities to similar situations, both in antiquity and at a later date, or during contemporary times where similar policies in certain countries have been regarded. Finally, we realize that after the inversion of colonialism and the liberation of the colonized planets, these planets are governed democratically, according to Plato’s and Aristotle’s ideas on politics.

scholarly journals In the meantime or the (ab)use of online accessing during mobility

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 251-270
Author(s):  
Catarina Sales Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Mobile Telecommunications ◽  
Visual Research ◽  
Visual Research Methods ◽  
Time Space ◽  
To Receive

The recent development of ICT has created conditions for people to be constantly online. These days is common to receive an email ended by a sentence like “sent from my iPhone”, meaning that the sender used his or her cell phone to send it and therefore his or her location is uncertain – could be in a restaurant, at work, at home or even moving. Social interaction, while commuting or travelling, was only possible when people were not travelling alone. Mobile telecommunications changed this scenario bringing the mobile communication to the time-space of dislocation. In recent years the spread of sales of smartphones and iphones has changed the motion scenarios. In what extended is this tendency connected to a leisure practice or to work continuity? Using a set of empirical data that combines the results of two mobility surveys in the Portuguese metropolitan areas, mobile interviews and visual research methods this paper debates the recent evolution of the time-space of mobility. The results allow us to discuss the role of ICT in the mediation of spaces anchor and the diversification of uses of Internet accessing while on mobility.

The Accumulation and Transfers of Wealth: Variations by Social Class

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Nordli Hansen ◽  
Øyvind Nicolay Wiborg
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Reproduction Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class Origin ◽  
To Receive

Abstract The purpose of our study is to investigate the role of wealth in broader stratification processes. Based on unique data from Norwegian tax registers, we address questions about the association between class origin, wealth transfers, and wealth accumulation among young adults. We show that is more common to receive transfers in the higher than in the lower social classes, and that those originating in the economic upper class, i.e. large proprietors, owners, of single enterprises as well as investors with diversified portfolios, and top managers and directors, are especially likely to receive transfers, as well as especially large inter vivos gifts. As young adults, those with upper-class origins, and especially origins in the economic upper class, accumulate more wealth than those with origins in classes lower in the social hierarchy. In all social classes, those who have received wealth transfers accumulate most wealth. We argue that transferring wealth indeed appears as robust and efficient mobility or reproduction strategy.

Imagining Dystopian Futures in Young Adult Fiction

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Lizzie Seal ◽  
Maggie O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Speculative Fiction ◽  
Young Adult Fiction ◽  
Hunger Games ◽  
Dystopian Fiction ◽  
The Hunger Games

This chapter discusses how it is notable that ‘speculative fiction’ – fiction that creates alternative worlds – frequently addresses themes of deviance, transgression and ordering. It identifies themes of surveillance and spectacle; hyperreality and virtual reality; memory and the suppression of history; and hierarchy and difference in dystopian fiction aimed at young adults – The Hunger Games (Collins, 2008), The Maze Runner (Dashner, 2009), Divergent (Roth, 2011) and Red Rising (Brown, 2014). The chapter explores the role of this fiction in cultural imaginings of social control, repression and resistance, and argues for greater criminological attention to novels, including bestselling fiction.

scholarly journals Literalität in kinderund jugendliterarischen Werken

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
KSENIA KUZMINYKH
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Epistemic Value ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Reading Competence ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Children And Young Adults

The article starts with a discussion of the essential theories of literature. It focuses on the historical development of books for children and young-adults. Worldwide there are three childhood myths, which are unfolded in successful children's books and which correspond to socially conditioned concepts of childhood. The Enlightenment childhood utopia sees children as promising for the future and improving human relationships. This idea explains the phenomenal resonance of books with educational and instructive concepts. In the 20th and 21st centuries this concept has become very popular again. By contrast, Romanticism developed another, second childhood myth, which combines not a future but a paradisiacal past with the image of childhood. In doing so, the holistic and naïve childlike world reference is stylized into an ideal that expresses the backward-looking yearning of adults. In addition to the Enlightenment and the Romantic childhood myths, there is a third, a negative view of childhood, which has also found expression in children's classics worldwide. This refers to the myth of the evil child, who is originally committed to the Christian doctrine of original sin. In the next step the article traces different modes of reading. These are the literary mode and documentary/pragmatic mode. Then, based on fragments taken from children’s and juvenile books from different periods, the article demonstrates the role of literacy in texts written for children and young adults, and the role of children and young-adult books for reading competence. While the paper examines these ideas within different novels though history, it also raises questions about the aesthetics and epistemic value of literature

Context Familiarity and Delayed Conditioned Taste Aversion in Young-Adult and Old-Age Rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1403-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Hinderliter ◽  
James R. Misanin
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Conditioning Context ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Familiarity with a conditioning context different from the home-cage environment was examined in immediate and delayed (3-hr.) conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning for young-adult (90—120 days) and old-age (680—750 days) female Wistar albino rats. Context familiarity increased CTA for young adults at the 3-hr. delay. Old-age rats showed no aversion at 3-hr. delays. Results suggest that home-cage cues may be used in mediating long-delay CTA and that the role of these cues may differ with age.

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