scholarly journals Changes in cause-specific mortality among the elderly in Canada, 1979–2011

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Marie-Pier Bergeron-Boucher ◽  
Robert Bourbeau ◽  
Jacques Légaré
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Maladie D’Alzheimer ◽  
Taux De Mortalité ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Cause De Décès ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Le Canada ◽  
Causes De Décès

The structure of causes of death in Canada has been changing since the onset of the “cardiovascular revolution.” While mortality due to cardiovascular diseases has been declining, mortality due to other causes of death, such as cancers and Alzheimer’s disease has been increasing. Our research investigates how these changes have re-modeled life expectancy at age 65 and age 85, and what specific causes of death are involved. We distinguish between premature and senescent deaths in Canada, using a cause-specific age structure. Our results suggest that although a decline in premature deaths has contributed to increasing life expectancy in recent years, most of the gains in life expectancy at age 65 and 85 have resulted from a decline in senescent deaths. We also find a decline in mortality due to the main causes of death, leading to a greater diversification of causes.Depuis le début de la révolution cardiovasculaire, le Canada a connu d’importants changements dans la distribution des décès selon la cause. La mortalité par maladies cardiovasculaires a connu une importante diminution alors que les taux de mortalité pour les cancers et pour la maladie d’Alzheimer ont augmenté. Cet article examine comment ces changements ont influencé les tendances de l’espérance de vie à 65 et à 85 ans et quelles causes de décès spécifiques furent impliquées. Une distinction entre les décès prématurés et les décès liés à un processus de sénescence est réalisée, se basant sur deux indicateurs de variations par âge des causes de décès. Nos résultats suggèrent que la majorité des gains en espérance de vie à 65 et 85 ans proviennent d’une plus faible mortalité par cause de décès sénescente. De plus, une diminution des principales causes de décès chez les personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus laisse place à une plus grande diversification de causes aux grands âges.

scholarly journals Life expectancy and mortality in 363 cities of Latin America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usama Bilal ◽  
◽  
Philipp Hessel ◽  
Carolina Perez-Ferrer ◽  
Yvonne L. Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractThe concept of a so-called urban advantage in health ignores the possibility of heterogeneity in health outcomes across cities. Using a harmonized dataset from the SALURBAL project, we describe variability and predictors of life expectancy and proportionate mortality in 363 cities across nine Latin American countries. Life expectancy differed substantially across cities within the same country. Cause-specific mortality also varied across cities, with some causes of death (unintentional and violent injuries and deaths) showing large variation within countries, whereas other causes of death (communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional, cancer, cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases) varied substantially between countries. In multivariable mixed models, higher levels of education, water access and sanitation and less overcrowding were associated with longer life expectancy, a relatively lower proportion of communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional deaths and a higher proportion of deaths from cancer, cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases. These results highlight considerable heterogeneity in life expectancy and causes of death across cities of Latin America, revealing modifiable factors that could be amenable to urban policies aimed toward improving urban health in Latin America and more generally in other urban environments.

scholarly journals A first analysis of excess mortality in Switzerland in 2020

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253505
Author(s):  
Isabella Locatelli ◽  
Valentin Rousson
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate ◽  
Official Data

Objective To quantify excess all-cause mortality in Switzerland in 2020, a key indicator for assessing direct and indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using official data on deaths in Switzerland, all-cause mortality in 2020 was compared with that of previous years using directly standardized mortality rates, age- and sex-specific mortality rates, and life expectancy. Results The standardized mortality rate was 8.8% higher in 2020 than in 2019, returning to the level observed 5–6 years before, around the year 2015. This increase was greater for men (10.6%) than for women (7.2%) and was statistically significant only for men over 70 years of age, and for women over 75 years of age. The decrease in life expectancy in 2020 compared to 2019 was 0.7%, with a loss of 9.7 months for men and 5.3 months for women. Conclusions There was an excess mortality in Switzerland in 2020, linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as this excess only concerned the elderly, the resulting loss of life expectancy was restricted to a few months, bringing the mortality level back to 2015.

scholarly journals Household Income, Life Expectancy and Cause Specific Mortality in Norway, 2005-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Øverland ◽  
J Kinge ◽  
A K Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Universal Health Care System ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Income Quartile

Abstract Background Examining causes of death and making comparisons across countries may increase understanding of the income-related differences in life expectancy. We describe income-related differences in life expectancy and causes of death in Norway and compare with US estimates. Methods A registry-based study including all Norwegian residents above age 40 between 2005 and 2015. Exposure was household income adjusted for household size and outcomes were life expectancy at age 40 and cause specific mortality. Results 3 041 828 persons contributed 25 805 277 person years and 441 768 deaths in the study period (mean age: 59.3 (SD, 13.6). Life expectancy was highest for women with the top 1% income at 86.4 (95% CI, 85.7 to 87.1) years, 8.4 (95% CI, 7.2 to 9.6) years longer than women in the lowest 1% income. Men with the lowest 1% income had the lowest life expectancy at 70.6 years (95% CI, 69.6 to 71.6), 13.8 years (95% CI, 12.3 to 15.2) less than men with the top 1% income. From 2005 - 2015, the differences in life expectancy by income increased, largely attributable to deaths from cardiovascular disease, cancers, COPD and dementia in older age groups and substance use deaths and suicides in the younger. Over the same period, women in the top income quartile gained 3.2 years (95% CI, 2.7 to 3.7), while life expectancy for women in the lowest income quartile was reduced by 0.4 years (95% CI, -1.0 to 0.2). For men, the top quartile gained 3.1 years (95% CI, 2.5 to 3.7) and the bottom gained 0.9 years (95% CI, 0.2 to 1.6). Differences in life expectancy by income levels in Norway were similar to those observed in the United States, but life expectancy was higher in Norway in the lower to middle part of the income distribution. Conclusions In Norway, there were substantial and increasing gaps in life expectancy by income from 2005 - 2015. The largest differences in life expectancy between Norway and US were for people in the lower to middle part of the income distribution. Key messages In Norway, a country with a largely tax financed universal health care system and moderate income differences, life expectancy by income are substantial and have increased between 2005 and 2015. The largest differences in life expectancy between Norway and US were for people in the lower to middle part of the income distribution.

scholarly journals Les principales causes de décès et d’hospitalisation dans la région de Montréal

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
Robert Choinière
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Du Poumon ◽  
Taux De Mortalité ◽  
Cause De Décès ◽  
Causes De Décès

RÉSUMÉ Ce texte a pour objectif de tracer un portrait des causes prépondérantes de décès et d'hospitalisation sur l'île de Montréal selon le sexe et l'âge. Des comparaisons sont établies avec l'ensemble du Québec. De plus, pour les décès, l'on retrouve l'évolution des taux de mortalité selon la cause de 1976 à 1990. Le sida, qui était inconnu avant 1983, représente maintenant la première cause de décès à Montréal chez les hommes âgés de 25 ans à 44 ans. Pour la plupart des causes retenues, la mortalité a diminué entre 1976 et 1990. L'on observe cependant une augmentation importante des taux de mortalité pour les maladies pulmonaires chez les deux sexes, ainsi que pour le cancer du poumon chez les femmes.

scholarly journals The impact of violence on Venezuelan life expectancy and lifespan inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1593-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny García ◽  
José Manuel Aburto
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Change Model ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mortality Estimates

Abstract Background Venezuela is one of the most violent countries in the world. According to the United Nations, homicide rates in the country increased from 32.9 to 61.9 per 100 000 people between 2000 and 2014. This upsurge coincided with a slowdown in life expectancy improvements. We estimate mortality trends and quantify the impact of violence-related deaths and other causes of death on life expectancy and lifespan inequality in Venezuela. Methods Life tables were computed with corrected age-specific mortality rates from 1996 to 2013. From these, changes in life expectancy and lifespan inequality were decomposed by age and cause of death using a continuous-change model. Lifespan inequality, or variation in age at death, is measured by the standard deviation of the age-at-death distribution. Results From 1996 to 2013 in Venezuela, female life expectancy rose 3.57 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.08–4.09] years [from 75.79 (75.98–76.10) to 79.36 (78.97–79.68)], and lifespan inequality fell 1.03 (–2.96 to 1.26) years [from 18.44 (18.01–19.00) to 17.41 (17.30–18.27)]. Male life expectancy increased 1.64 (1.09–2.25) years [from 69.36 (68.89–59.70) to 71.00 (70.53–71.39)], but lifespan inequality increased 0.95 (–0.80 to 2.89) years [from 20.70 (20.24–21.08) to 21.65 (21.34–22.12)]. If violence-related death rates had not risen over this period, male life expectancy would have increased an additional 1.55 years, and lifespan inequality would have declined slightly (–0.31 years). Conclusions As increases in violence-related deaths among young men (ages 15–39) have slowed gains in male life expectancy and increased lifespan inequality, Venezuelan males face more uncertainty about their age at death. There is an urgent need for more accurate mortality estimates in Venezuela.

Epilepsy in the elderly: life expectancy and causes of death

1987 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lühdorf ◽  
L. K. Jensen ◽  
A. M. Plesner
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epilepsy In The Elderly

scholarly journals A First Analysis of Excess Mortality in Switzerland in 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Locatelli ◽  
Valentin Rousson
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate ◽  
Official Data

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the excess all-cause mortality in Switzerland in 2020, a key indicator for assessing direct and indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsUsing official data on deaths in Switzerland, all-cause mortality in 2020 was compared with that of previous years using directly standardized mortality rates, age- and sex-specific mortality rates, and life expectancy.ResultsThe standardized mortality rate was 8.6% higher in 2020 than in 2019, returning to the level observed 5-6 years ago. This increase was greater for men (10.4%) than for women (7.0%), and was statistically significant only for men over 70 years of age, and for women over 75 years of age. The decrease in life expectancy in 2020 compared to 2019 was about 1%, with a loss of 9.4 months for men and 5.1 months for women.ConclusionsThere was an excess mortality in Switzerland in 2020, linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as this excess only concerned the elderly, the resulting loss of life expectancy was restricted to a few months.

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