scholarly journals Social class versus cultural identity as factors in the residential segregation of ethnic groups in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver for 2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Balakrishnan ◽  
Paul Maxim ◽  
Rozzet Jurdi
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
South Asians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Visible Minorities ◽  
Using Data

This article examines the relevance of the spatial assimilation model in understanding residential segregation of ethnic groups in the three largest gateway cities of Canada. Using data from the census of 2001 it finds that while the model may have worked for the European groups they are less applicable to the visible minorities such as the Chinese, South Asians and Blacks. Residential segregation reduces with generation for the European groups but not for the visible minorities. Canadian patterns seem to be different from that seen in the United States. Many visible minority groups maintain their concentration levels even in the suburbs. The findings seem to indicate that cultural preferences may be just as important as social class in the residential choices of visible minority groups.

scholarly journals The Relative Earnings of Visible Minorities in Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Swidinsky ◽  
Michael Swidinsky
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Visible Minorities ◽  
Relative Earnings ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Foreign Work ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Immigrant Men

Summary This article presents new evidence on the relative earnings of visible minority immigrant and native-born paid workers in Canada using data from the 1996 Census. Our findings show that labour market disadvantages associated with visible minority status are largely confined to immigrant men. The earnings deficits imputed to minority native-born men and immigrant women are fairly modest, and it appears that native-born women are paid a premium. Among immigrant men, labour market disadvantages are apparent primarily among those who were older when they arrived in Canada. There is some evidence that foreign work experience is relatively undervalued, but there is little evidence that immigrants receive lower compensation for foreign-based schooling. Finally, our analysis of individual ethnic minority groups reveals that Black men are most profoundly affected by labour market discrimination: The earnings deficit they must contend with is both significant and inter-generationally persistent.

Overeducation and the Earnings of Black, Hispanic, and White Male Workers

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Verdugo ◽  
Naomi Turner Verdugo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
White Male ◽  
The United States ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male Workers ◽  
White Minority

This study addresses two issues: (1) the impact of overeducation on the earnings of male workers in the United States, and (2) white-minority earnings differences among males. Given that educational attainment levels are increasing among workers, there is some suspicion that earnings returns to education are not as great as might be expected. This topic is examined by including an overeducation variable in an earnings function. Regarding the second issue addressed in this article, little is actually known about white-minority differences because the bulk of such research compares whites and blacks. By including selected Hispanic groups in this analysis (Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Other Hispanics) we are able to assess white-minority earnings differences to a greater degree. Using data from a 5% sample of the 1980 census to estimate an earnings function, we find that overeducated workers earn less than either undereducated or adequately educated workers. Second, we find that there are substantial earnings differences between whites and minorities, and, also, between the five minority groups examined.

Abstract 002: Assessing Profiles Of Cardiometabolic Risk Among South Asians Living In The United States Using A Syndemic Framework And Acculturation

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A Montiel Ishino ◽  
Katia M Canenguez ◽  
Jeffrey H Cohen ◽  
Belinda Needham ◽  
Namratha Kandula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Family Income ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Religiosity And Spirituality

Background: South Asians (SA) are the second largest US immigrant group and have excess cardiometabolic (CM) disease. While acculturation is associated with increased CM risk among immigrants and refugees, the role of acculturation on SA CM risk is relatively unknown. CM disease presents as a syndemic or synergistic epidemic involving multiple disease clusters as well as the biological, social, and psychological interactions from the acculturative process to worsen morbidity within subgroups. Methods: We used latent class analysis to identify SA CM risk based on acculturation subgroups using data from adults aged 40-84 in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study (N=771). The distal outcome of CM risk was constructed using hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and body mass index. Proxies of acculturation included years lived in the US, English proficiency, cuisine eaten at home, cultural traditions, ethnicity of friends, social and neighborhood support, and experienced discrimination; as well as mental health indicators, which included depression, trait anxiety, anger, and positive and negative spiritual coping. Covariates included demographic characteristics, family income, education, study site, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, religiosity and spirituality. Results: Four CM risk profiles and acculturation subgroups were identified: 1) lowest risk [73.8%] were the most integrated with both SA and US culture; 2) intermediate-low risk [13.4%] had high mental health distress and discrimination and separated from SA and US culture; 3) intermediate-high risk [8.9%] were more assimilated with US culture; and 4) highest risk [3.9%] were more assimilated with US culture [Figure]. Conclusion: Our approach identified distinct nuanced profiles of syndemic CM risk to understand how acculturation and sociocultural factors cluster with health in US South Asians. Our syndemic framework will further understanding of CM risk among SA to best design tailored prevention and intervention programs.

Educational Attainments of Immigrant Offspring: Success or Segmented Assimilation?

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
The Third ◽  
Educational Attainments ◽  
Statistics Canada

In this article, I study the educational attainments of the adult offspring of immigrants, analyzing data from the 1996 panel of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). Fielded annually since 1993 by Statistics Canada, respondents are asked for the first time in 1996 to report the birthplaces of their parents, making it possible to define and study not only the foreign-born population (the first generation), but also the second generation (Canadian born to foreign-born parents) and the third-plus generation (Canadian born to Canadian-born parents). The survey also asked respondents to indicate if they are members of a visible minority group, thus permitting a limited assessment of whether or not color conditions educational achievements of immigrant offspring. I find that “1.5” and second generation adults, age 20–64 have more years of schooling and higher percentages completing high school compared with the third-plus generation. Contrary to the segmented “underclass” assimilation model found in the United States, adult visible minority immigrant offspring in Canada exceed the educational attainments of other not-visible-minority groups. Although the analysis is hampered by small sample numbers, the results point to country differences in historical and contemporary race relations, and call for additional national and cross-national research.

scholarly journals Racial Residential Segregation and Colorectal Cancer Mortality in the Mississippi Delta Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J Kruse-Diehr ◽  
Justin T McDaniel ◽  
Marquita W Lewis-Thames ◽  
Aimee James ◽  
Musa Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Few studies have examined the effects of segregation on colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes, and none has determined if rurality moderates the effect of segregation on CRC mortality. We examined whether the effect of segregation on CRC mortality was moderated by rurality in the Mississippi Delta Region, an economically distressed and historically segregated region of the United States. Methods Using data from the US Census Bureau and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, we estimated linear mixed-effects models with state-level random effects in which Black and White CRC mortality rates in Delta Region counties (N = 252) were regressed on county rurality, White-Black residential segregation indices, an interaction term for these two variables, and a vector of socioeconomic control variables. Missing data were replaced with values generated via random forest imputation. Results Segregation was a risk factor for Black CRC mortality in urban Delta counties but was associated with lower Black CRC mortality in rural counties (B = − 23.30 [95% CI = − 38.51, − 7.92]). For Whites, living in a rural area did not moderate the relationship between segregation and CRC mortality, though White CRC mortality was inversely associated with White population proportion (B = − 7.12 [95% CI = − 10.66, − 3.43]). Conclusions Health outcomes related to segregation vary by racial, contextual and community factors. We give possible explanations for our findings and provide implications for practice and recommendations for further research to better understand the CRC mortality burden in segregated communities.

scholarly journals Career Satisfaction: A Look behind the Races

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Yap ◽  
Wendy Cukier ◽  
Mark Robert Holmes ◽  
Charity-Ann Hannan
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Career Satisfaction ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Visible Minorities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Black Employees

Previous studies have largely focused on the career success of white employees (Heslin, 2005). Using recent survey data, this paper examines the career satisfaction levels of white/Caucasian and visible minority managerial, professional and executive employees in the information and communications technology [ICT] and financial services sectors in corporate Canada. Given that the demographic makeup of organizations in Canada is drastically changing with the aging population and the increasing participation of visible minorities in the labour force, it is crucial for managers and organizations to understand their employees’ level of career satisfaction. Studies have found that employees who are more satisfied with their careers are more engaged and thus are more likely to actively contribute to the organization’s success (Peluchette, 1993; Harter, Schmidt and Hayes, 2002). Findings from this paper showed that the average career satisfaction scores were lower for visible minority employees than for white/Caucasian employees. In addition, variations were found between white/Caucasian employees and Chinese, South Asian and Black visible minority employees. While Black employees were 13.0% less satisfied than white/Caucasian employees, Chinese employees were only 8.3% less satisfied than their white/Caucasian counterparts, and the difference between South Asian and white/Caucasian employees was found to be insignificant. Decomposition analyses show that over 58% to 82% of the difference in career of satisfaction scores, depending on the ethnic group, can be accounted for by factors included in this paper. Of the unexplained portion, most of the differences in career satisfaction between white/Caucasian and minority groups are attributable to higher returns to white/Caucasian employees’ human capital and demographic characteristics.

Gender, Race, Social Class, and Information Technology

2011 ◽  
pp. 705-710
Author(s):  
Myungsook Klassen ◽  
Russell Stockard Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
It Workforce ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The U.S

The issue of the underrepresentation of women in the information technology (IT) workforce has been the subject of a number of studies, and the gender gap was an issue when the digital divide dominated discourse about women’s and minority groups’ use of the Internet. However, a broader view is needed. That perspective would include the relation of women and IT in the communities in which they live as well as the larger society. The information society that has emerged includes the United States (U.S.) and the globalized economy of which it is an integral part. Women and minorities, such as African Americans and Latinos, are underrepresented in computer science (CS) and other IT positions in the U.S. In addition, while they are no longer numerically underrepresented in access to computers and the Internet, as of 2000 (Gorski, 2001), they continue to enjoy fewer benefits available through the medium than white boys and men. The following article explores the diversity within women from the perspectives of race, ethnicity and social class in North America, mainly the U.S. The technology gender and racial gap persists in education and in the IT workforce. A broader and deeper look at women’s positions in relation to the increasingly techno-centric society reveals that women may have reached equality in access, but not in academic study and job opportunities.

scholarly journals Disordered Gambling Among Racial and Ethnic Groups in the US: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analucía A. Alegría ◽  
Nancy M. Petry ◽  
Deborah S. Hasin ◽  
Shang-Min Liu ◽  
Bridget F. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Disordered Gambling ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Prior research suggests that racial minority groups in the United States are more vulnerable to develop a gambling disorder than whites. However, no national survey on gambling disorders exists that has focused on ethnic differences.Methods: Analyses of this study were based on the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a large (N=43,093) nationally representative survey of the adult (≥18 years of age) population residing in house-holds during 2001–2002 period. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision diagnoses of pathological gambling, mood, anxiety, drug use, and personality disorders were based on the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IVVersion.Results: Prevalence rates of disordered gambling among blacks (2.2%) and Native/Asian Americans (2.3%) were higher than that of whites (1.2%). Demographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity differed among Hispanic, black, and white disordered gamblers. However, all racial and ethnic groups evidenced similarities with respect to symptom patterns, time course, and treatment seeking for pathological gambling.Conclusion: The prevalence of disordered gambling, but not its onset or course of symptoms, varies by racial and ethnic group. These varying prevalence rates may reflect, at least in part, cultural differences in gambling and its acceptability and accessibility. These data may inform the need for targeted prevention strategies for high-risk racial and ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Globalization and earnings among native-born and immigrant populations of racial and ethnic groups in Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Ooka ◽  
Eric Fong
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
Equity Trading ◽  
Investment Size

This is the first statistical analysis to understand how economic globalization affects earnings of native-born and immigrant populations with different racial and ethnic backgrounds in Canada. Draw on four measures of economic globalization: number of non-resident workers in CMAs, number of companies with foreign investment, size of financial industry, and volume of equity trading, our study finds that the effects of economic globalization on individual earnings is influenced by the particular aspect of economic globalization and the group being considered. Specifically, economic globalization is beneficial to nativeborn members of visible minority groups and is very sensitive to their immigrant members.

Sex (And Ethnicity) in the City: Affinity Voting in the 2014 Toronto Mayoral Election

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Bird ◽  
Samantha D. Jackson ◽  
R. Michael McGregor ◽  
Aaron A. Moore ◽  
Laura B. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Visible Minority ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Visible Minorities ◽  
Mayoral Election ◽  
White Voters ◽  
Minority Candidate ◽  
The City

AbstractDo women vote for women and men for men? Do visible minorities vote for minority candidates, and white voters for white candidates? And what happens when a minority woman appears on the ballot? This study tests for the presence of gender and ethnic affinity voting in the Toronto mayoral election of 2014, where Olivia Chow was the only woman and only visible minority candidate among the three major contenders. Our analysis, which draws on a survey of eligible Toronto voters, is the first to examine the interactive effects of sex and ethnicity on vote choice in Canada in the context of a non-partisan election and in a non-experimental manner. We find strong evidence of ethnic affinity voting and show that Chow received stronger support from ethnic Chinese voters than from other minority groups. Our results also reveal that gender was related to vote choice but only when connected with race.

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