scholarly journals Education, age at marriage or first birth and labour force participation as predictors of parity transitions: an application of discrete multivariate analysis to the study of conditional life table probabilities

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten K. West
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Discrete Multivariate Analysis

Secular changes in migration between birth and marriage

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen R. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Orkney Islands ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Population Turnover

SummaryAlthough recent historic studies have shown high rates of population turnover prior to, during and after the demographic transition, little is known about the causes and consequences of migration, particularly during late adolescence when migration rates are highest. This paper assesses the relationship (a) between socio-occupational mobility and premarital migration patterns and (b) between these measures of mobility and family formation. Linked vital data for ever-married cohorts born between 1855 and 1974 on Sanday, Orkney Islands, Scotland, provided an opportunity for evaluation of changes in (1) distance migrated between birth and marriage and (2) age at marriage in a small rural isolate characteristic of other populations undergoing modernization. Measures of socio-occupational mobility indicated a secular increase in upper social classes and in labour force participation, particularly in non-agricultural sectors of the economy. Migration distance between birth and marriage decreased over time, associated with a convergence in the pattern of spatial mobility between population subgroups. Whereas there was little relationship between age at marriage and measures of spatial and socio-occupational mobility, changes in migration were strongly influenced by opportunities which differed between social classes and between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors of the island economy.

scholarly journals Provisional Estimates of Length of Working life in Pakistan

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
Lee L. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Male Population

Life table techniques have been used fairly widely to determine the working life of the labour force or work-life expectancy [6; 7; 8; 18; 23]. The length of working life in developing countries, however, is often unknown or estimates are based upon very rigid assumptions which are not realistic given the conditions of labour in such countries. For example, Mortara's international comparisons are based upon the assumption that the activity ages are always 15 to 60 years only (6]. Such an assumption leads to a low estimate of work-life expectancy in count¬ries such as Pakistan where the lower age of large scale labour force participation is, at a minimum, age 10 as officially defined in the labour force statistics and where individuals apparently maintain some connection with the labour force during latter years of life. Specific estimates of the length of working life depend upon fairly refined data including age specific activity rates and a life table. The 1961 Census of Pakistan and the Population Growth Estimation project make such data now available for Pakistan. It is therefore the purpose of this paper to utilize these data to generate and evaluate work-life tables for the male population of East and West Pakistan. This study is restricted to males since female labour force participation in Pakistan is low and the movement of women in and out of the labour force presents many unique problems which have only recently been solved in countries where extensive statistical data are available. Furthermore the analysis presented here deals with the two provinces separately because of mortality [4] and labour differences.

Employment Pattern and Extent of Under-utilisation of Manpower in Rural Baran; Areas of Pakistan

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1225-1233
Author(s):  
Sabur Ghayur
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
North West ◽  
North West Frontier Province ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Employment Pattern

The barani (rain-fed) region accounts for about a fifth of the cultivated area in Pakistan. It has the potential to significantly increase crop production levels. Similarly, considerable scope exists in this area for the development of forests, fruit and vegetable gardening, pasture and stock rearing. Most of the natural resources are also found in this tract. Its hilly areas possess a vast potential for tourism. Besides, significant opportunities exist for irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. An optimum utilisation of all this potential, obviously, is employmentgenerating and income-augmenting. Despite all such realisations this region as a whole, unfortunately, is identified as the least attended to area in terms of provision of socio-physical infrastructure, other development programmes and, even, research work. This led to a deterioration of the employment situation in the barani region as a whole. A poor information base and analysis thereof on employment and manpower related variables is also the consequence of such a treatment to this area. I This paper, using the data of a field survey, tries to fill, though partly, the vacuum on employment and related variables in the rural barani region. An attempt is made here to record and analyse the labour force participation rates, employment pattern (main economic activities) and unemployment/underemployment levels prevailing in the rural baran; areas of the provinces of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province (NWFP).

Modelling the cost of ill health in Health&WealthMOD (Version II): lost labour force participation, income and taxation, and the impact of disease prevention

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Schofield ◽  
Rupendra Shrestha ◽  
Emily Callander ◽  
Richard Pervical ◽  
Simon Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

How Has the Middle Fared in the Netherlands? A Tale of Stagnation and Population Shifts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiemer Salverda ◽  
Stefan Thewissen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Wage Moderation ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
Dual Income ◽  
Household Incomes

This chapter sets out how inequality and real incomes across the distribution evolved in the Netherlands from the late 1970s through the economic Crisis. Inequality grew, though not dramatically, while wages showed remarkably little real increase. This meant that real income increases for households relied for the most part on the growth in female labour-force participation and in dual-income couples. The chapter highlights the major changes in population and household structures that underpinned the observed changes in household incomes at different points in the distribution. It also sets out key features of the institutional structures in the labour market and broader welfare state, and the centrality of the priority given to wage moderation and the maintenance of competitiveness in the growth model adopted throughout the period.

Old Age Pensions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pestieau ◽  
Mathieu Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Old Age Poverty ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
Social Security Benefits

This chapter gives an overview of the type of pension system existing in Europe. Contributive and redistributive systems are opposed but the chapter shows that pension systems are more often a mix of both. The chapter shows how these systems have been more or less effective in tackling old age poverty in most countries and it points to the main challenges that these systems are facing, namely population ageing and low labour-force participation. The major reforms that have been implemented to ensure future sustainability of pension systems are presented but a number of additional changes that should be implemented are discussed. The chapter also presents projections for future outcomes and the link between demographic challenges and social security benefits is highlighted.

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