scholarly journals History-based Explanatory Framework for Procreative Behaviour of Aboriginal People of Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Anatole Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Explanatory Framework ◽  
Real Population ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The One ◽  
Challenging Question

The transition from traditional high to modern low fertility is in the forefront of empirical and theoretical investigations in contemporary aboriginal demography. The challenging question therein remains why its fertility has started to decline a century or so after the rest of Canada, and why it continues to trail the latter by a considerable lag. The objective of this paper is to present a history-based explanatory framework of the childbearing behaviour of Canadian aboriginal peoples, as it has evolved over time from the very first contact with Europeans to our day. Turning to existing theories for possible elucidation of these idiosyncrasies, we find that while accounting for certain aspects, they leave others unexplained. History provides a more satisfying explanation when we cast an eye not on the “abstract” population, “ideal-type” or what we today like to call “model”, but on real population, or family thereof, in its spatio-temporal context. The “between-two-cultures” paradigm presented here, based on ethnocentricity and dependency, could be seen as a an explanatory paradigm of competing forces on the Canadian aboriginals: on the one hand, those pushing toward modern norms of childbearing; and on the other, traditional values and structures, as shattered as they are, with their pro-natalist ideologies resisting normative changes.

The Body in Theory

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity J Callard
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

Geographers are now taking the problematic of corporeality seriously. ‘The body’ is becoming a preoccupation in the geographical literature, and is a central figure around which to base political demands, social analyses, and theoretical investigations. In this paper I describe some of the trajectories through which the body has been installed in academia and claim that this installation has necessitated the uptake of certain theoretical legacies and the disavowal or forgetting of others. In particular, I trace two related developments. First, I point to the sometimes haphazard agglomeration of disparate theoretical interventions that lie under the name of postmodernism and observe how this has led to the foregrounding of bodily tropes of fragmentation, fluidity, and ‘the cyborg‘. Second, I examine the treatment of the body as a conduit which enables political agency to be thought of in terms of transgression and resistance. I stage my argument by looking at how on the one hand Marxist and on the other queer theory have commonly conceived of the body, and propose that the legacies of materialist modes of analysis have much to offer current work focusing on how bodies are shaped by their encapsulation within the sphere of the social. I conclude by examining the presentation of corporeality that appears in the first volume of Marx's Capital. I do so to suggest that geographers working on questions of subjectivity could profit from thinking further about the relation between so-called ‘new’ and ‘fluid’ configurations of bodies, technologies, and subjectivities in the late 20th-century world, and the corporeal configurations of industrial capitalism lying behind and before them.

THE SPACES OF MYTH IN KAZUO ISHIGURO’S THE REMAINS OF THE DAY: EXPLORING THE INTERSECTIONS OF MEMORY AND HISTORY

Ensemble ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-242
Author(s):  
Medha Bhadra Chowdhury ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Temporal Expressions ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Historical Past

Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day (1989) reconstructs the experiences of an ageing butler, Stevens, trapped within the confined space of the house he has served in for many years. The contours of memory are drawn along the spatial dimensions of the house which serve as a space of contestation between traditional values and emergent cultural beliefs in the post-war period. Physical modifications on the architecture produce continuities and alterations within the subject, who inhabits the space. This paper seeks to explore the dynamics of remembering and forgetting which are determined by the sites of memory and which trace historical changes as well as shifts in identity politics in Ishiguro’s novel. The paper critically assesses the idea of space, its functional dimension and mythic commemoration in relation to a symbolic historical past. It examines the development of subjectivity through the expansion of memory embodied in material form and the complex relationship between history and myth-making, which complicates individual identity. This paper further proposes that these spatio-temporal expressions can be understood as not only confined to the individual but may be extended to the domain of public memory and contextualized in a post-war British cultural politics of grief.

scholarly journals Old Keyam – A Framework for Examining Disproportionate Experience of Tuberculosis Among Aboriginal Peoples of the Canadian Prairies

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Kathleen McMullin ◽  
Sylvia Abonyi ◽  
Maria Mayan ◽  
Pamela Orr ◽  
Carmen Lopez-Hille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Tuberculosis Transmission ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

On the Canadian Prairies, First Nations and Métis peoples are disproportionately affected by tuberculosis (TB) compared to other Canadians. Statistics show enduring transmission and high rates of active TB disease. Despite awareness of the social determinants of TB transmission—such as substance abuse, comorbidities, and basic needs being unmet—transmission and outbreaks continue to occur among Aboriginal people. The Determinants of Tuberculosis Transmission project is a mixed methods, interdisciplinary study that used quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews to look more closely at patients’ experiences of TB. Provincial Network Committees (PNCs) comprised of Elders, traditionalists, community-based TB workers, and health researchers in three participating provinces guided the project from inception through to data analysis, interpretation, and dissemination. The collaborative efforts of the patients, the research team, and the PNCs uncovered a continuing influence of colonization in TB transmission. Overwhelming feelings of apathy and despair for the hold that TB continues to have in the lives of patients, families, and communities is captured by the Cree word “keyam,” which may be translated as “to give up” or to ask, “What is the use?” This paper explores the concept of keyam in relation to TB transmission.

scholarly journals Age of the Post-rift Sequence I from the Araripe Basin, Lower Cretaceous, NE Brazil: implications for spatio-temporal correlation

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
João Carlos Coimbra ◽  
Tiago Menezes Freire
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Radiometric Ages ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

A robust biostratigraphic zonation based on microfossils supports the stratigraphic framework and correlation of the interior basins of the Lower Cretaceous of NE Brazil. This zonation has also allowed correlations with coeval sections in the Brazilian marginal basins and in the Gabon and Congo basins (central-west Africa). These records, consisting mainly of non-marine sediments, were a great challenge with regard to the correlation with the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Therefore, local stages were used, the most recent being the Alagoas local Brazilian Stage, with which the Post-rift Sequence I of the Araripe Basin is related. Regarding lithostratigraphy, this sequence includes the Rio da Batateira (Barbalha for some authors) and Santana formations, the last one with the famous Crato, Ipubi, and Romualdo members, from the base to the top. Although currently there is a consensus on the age of the Alagoas local Brazilian Stage in the Araripe Basin, recently a new age for at least part of the Post-rift Sequence I was proposed. This new proposal, based on isotopic analysis of Re-Os, arose as a panacea to correlate the Rio da Batateira Formation and the Crato and Ipubi members with the international stages. Surprisingly, their authors, although on the one hand, they seem to underestimate biostratigraphic results, on the other they seek to support their proposal from microfossils studied by previous authors, but they do so in an inappropriate way, leading readers to misinterpret their results. Therefore, this paper presents a critical review on the age of the Alagoas local Brazilian Stage in the Araripe Basin and nearby basins, refuting a Barremian age for part of the Post-rift Sequence I. Keywords: Alagoas local Brazilian Stage, biostratigraphy, ostracods, palynomorphs, radiometric ages.

scholarly journals Validation of the TOLNet Lidars: The Southern California Ozone Observation Project (SCOOP)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Leblanc ◽  
Mark A. Brewer ◽  
Patrick S. Wang ◽  
Maria Jose Granados-Munoz ◽  
Kevin B. Strawbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
The North ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One

Abstract. The North-America-based Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) was recently established to provide high spatio-temporal vertical profiles of ozone, to better understand physical processes driving tropospheric ozone variability, and to validate the tropospheric ozone measurements of upcoming space-borne missions such as Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring Pollution (TEMPO). The network currently comprises six tropospheric ozone lidars, four of which are mobile instruments deploying to the field a few times per year, based on campaign and science needs. In August 2016, all four mobile TOLNet lidars were brought to the fixed TOLNet site of JPL-Table Mountain Facility for the one-week-long Southern California Ozone Observation Project (SCOOP). This inter-comparison campaign, which included 400 hours of lidar measurements and 18 ozonesondes launches, allowed for the unprecedented simultaneous validation of five of the six TOLNet lidars. For measurements between 3 and 10 km above sea level, a mean difference of 0.7 ppbv (1.7 %), with a root-mean-square deviation of 1.6 ppbv or 2.4 % was found between the lidars and ozonesondes, which is well within the combined uncertainties of the two measurement techniques. The few minor differences identified were typically associated with the known limitations of the lidars at the profiles altitude extremes (i.e., first 1 km above ground and at the instruments highest retrievable altitude). As part of a large homogenization and quality control effort within the network, many aspects of the TOLNet in-house data processing algorithms were also standardized and validated. This thorough validation of both the measurements and retrievals builds confidence in the high quality and reliability of the TOLNet ozone lidar profiles for many years to come, making TOLNet a valuable ground-based reference network for tropospheric ozone profiling.

Perfil decisional, género y práctica deportiva en deporte en edad escolar (Decisional profile, gender and sports practice in sports at school age)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 379-387
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Vázquez Ramos ◽  
Patricia Irene Sosa-González ◽  
Juan De Pablos Pons
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
School Age ◽  
Decision Making Capacity ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Gender And Sports ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
The One

  El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar el perfil decisional de chicos y chicas en edad escolar basado en aspectos espacio-temporales a través del software “Juego Interactivo de Voleibol” (JIVBⓇ), en función de diferentes variables: dificultad espacio-temporal, tipo de práctica deportiva, edad, sexo y tiempo de práctica deportiva. La muestra ha sido conformada por la totalidad de los clubes de categoría infantil de la ciudad de Sevilla de las modalidades de balonmano, voleibol y atletismo, así como de alumnado de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de un Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria que no practicaba más actividad físico-deportiva que la realizada en sus clases de educación física. Además, para completar la muestra a nivel deportivo se optó por incluir a un club de voleibol y a un club de atletismo de poblaciones limítrofes con Sevilla capital, quedando la muestra final constituida por 109 participantes, de ambos sexos, de 12-14 años. Para determinar el perfil decisional se utilizó el JIVB y se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos e inferenciales. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas en la capacidad de toma de decisiones, aunque sí se puede hablar de tendencias.  Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the decisional profile of school-age boys and girls based on spatio-temporal aspects through the software "Interactive Volleyball Game" (JIVBⓇ), based on different variables: spatio-temporal difficulty, type of sports practice, age, sex and time of sports practice. The sample has been made up of all the children's category clubs in the city of Seville in the modalities of handball, volleyball and athletics, as well as students of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) of a Secondary Education Institute that did not practice anymore physical-sporting activity than the one carried out in their physical education classes. In addition, to complete the sample at the sporting level, it was decided to include a volleyball club and an athletics club from neighboring towns with Seville, leaving the final sample consisting of 109 participants, of both sexes, aged 12-14 years. To determine the decisional profile, the JIVB was used and descriptive and inferential analyzes were carried out. The results show that there are no significant differences in decision-making capacity, although it is possible to speak of trends.

THE MODERN GREEK FAMILY: AXIOLOGICAL CONTRADICTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Anna A. Toropova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Family And Marriage ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One

Family issues and the topic of social family policy in Greece is the subject of researches by a number of Greek sociologists (V. Filias (Β. Φίλιας), G.-S. Prevelakis (Γ.-Σ. Πρεβελάκης), H. Simeonidou (Χ. Συμεωνίδου), G. Georgas (Γ. Γεωργάς), L. Musuru (Λ. Μουσούρου), L. Maratu-Aliprandi (Λ. Μαράτου-Αλιπράντη). It seems interesting and useful to consider the situation in Greece from the point of view of its ambivalent nature: traditional values and patriarchal order, on the one hand, and adherence to liberal European sentiments, on the other. In the modern world, there is a "reformatting of ideas about the essence of family and marriage" [Noskova A. V., 2017: 123], which leads, in particular, to the rejection of having children, to increasingly frequent divorces "for no reason", to irresponsibility in awareness roles in the family, to the vulnerability of socialization, to the infantilism of adults, to avoidance of awareness of problems of various kinds, to egocentrism. Modern Greece is not an exception. The growing number of single-parent families in cities, low birth rates, divorces, loneliness, depression are characteristic features of many families. This allows us to speak about the “crisis of the Greek family” [Γεωργάς, 2010]. This research may be of interest to specialists dealing with the topic of the family, and significantly supplement the existing research in the domestic sociological field.

Political Participation of Aboriginal People (Orang Asli) in Peninsular Malaysia: Examining the Compatibility of the Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954 with Undrip Standards

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Muhamad Sayuti Hassan ◽  
Rohaida Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
International Law ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
The Right

The main objective of this article is to critically evaluate the compatibility of the ‘right to political participation’ of the Orang Asli by looking at international law standards. The present study utilises a qualitative socio-legal approach, which analyses the political participation of the Orang Asli under Malaysian law and determines whether the Aboriginal Peoples Act 1954 (apa) can provide for the protection, well-being, and the advancement of the Orang Asli. Arguably, the existing provisions of the apa are not in conformity with the recognition in undrip and in no way guarantee the Orang Asli’s right to self-determination as recognised by international law. Thus, the current study recommends an amendment to the apa and introduces guidelines to empower political participation of the Orang Asli by incorporating the principles of undrip. The amendment is necessary to ensure that the protection of the right to self-determination of the Orang Asli is compatible with international law standards.

scholarly journals Astronomical Heritage and Aboriginal People: Conflicts and Possibilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29A) ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Alejandro Martín López
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Global System ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Professional Artists ◽  
Aboriginal Groups

AbstractIn this presentation we address issues relating to the astronomical heritage of contemporary aboriginal groups and other minorities. We deal specially with intangible astronomical heritage and its particularities. Also, we study (from ethnographic experience with Aboriginal groups, Creoles and Europeans in the Argentine Chaco) the conflicts referring to the different ways in which the natives' knowledge and practice are categorized by the natives themselves, by scientists, state politicians, professional artists and NGOs. Furthermore, we address several cases that illustrate these kinds of conflicts. We aim to analyze the complexities of patrimonial policies when they are applied to practices and representations of contemporary communities involved in power relations with national states and the global system. The essentialization of identities, the folklorization of representations and practices, and the fossilization of aboriginal peoples are some of the risks of applying the label “cultural heritage” without a careful consideration of each specific case.In particular we suggest possible ways in which the international scientific community could collaborate to improve the agenda of national states instead of reproducing colonial prejudices. In this way, we aim to contribute to the promotion of respect for ethnic and religious minorities.

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