Effect of Sorghum Particle Size on Digestibility of Nutrients at the Terminal Ileum and over the Total Digestive Tract of Growing-Finishing Pigs

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. Owsley ◽  
D. A. Knabe ◽  
T. D. Tanksley
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Finishing Pigs

Influence of particle size and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract parameters of broiler starters

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Amerah ◽  
V. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Coarse Particle ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Microbial Phytase

The aim of the present experiment was to examine the interaction between particle size and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract development of broiler starters fed maize-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two maize particle sizes (medium and coarse) and two levels of phytase supplementation (without or with 500 phytase units/kg diet). The two particle sizes were achieved by grinding the whole maize in a hammer mill to pass through 3- and 7-mm screens, respectively. Broiler starter diets, based on maize and soybean meal, were formulated to meet recommended requirements for major nutrients, except phosphorus. Each of the four diets was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each, from day 1 to day 21 post-hatching. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.001) the feed intake and weight gain, and lowered (P < 0.05) feed per gain in both medium and coarse particle size diets. Coarse grinding improved (P < 0.05) weight gain, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on feed intake and feed per gain. No interactions (P > 0.05) between phytase supplementation and particle size were observed for any of the performance parameters. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.001) ileal phosphorus digestibility and toe ash content of birds fed the medium particle size diet, but had no effect in those fed the coarse particle size diet. Apparent metabolisable energy and ileal digestibility of calcium and nitrogen were not influenced by particle size or phytase supplementation. The present findings suggest that the effectiveness of supplemental phytase on broiler performance is not influenced by the particle size of maize.

scholarly journals The effect of drying and ensiling grass on its digestion in sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Beever ◽  
D. J. Thomson ◽  
E. Pfeffer ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

1. The effect of drying and ensiling ryegrass on the site of digestion of the energy andcarbohydrate fractions was studied in sheep fitted with rumen cannulas and re-entrant can-nulas in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum.2. The sheep were given fresh (frozen) grass, dried grass, wilted and unwilted silage pre-pared from herbage harvested from the same sward. The grass diets were offered twice dailyto each animal and paper impregnated with chromium sesquioxide was administered twicedaily into the rumen. Twenty-four hour collections of duodenal and ileal digesta, adjusted togive 100 yo recovery of Cr2O3, were analysed to determine the extent of digestion in the fore-stomachs, the small intestine and the caecum and colon.3. Total digestibility of the gross energy was similar for the fresh grass, dried grass andwilted silage diets (67·4,68·1 and67·5 %)but higher for the unwilted silage (72·0 %, P < 0·01).There was an increased flow of energy into the small intestine when the sheep were given driedgrass and unwilted silage. The proportion of the apparently digested energy lost within thesmall intestine was greater when the dried grass was given (302 yo) than when the fresh grasswas given (23·6 yo).4. Drying or ensiling of wilted material affected digestion neither in the entire alimentarytract nor in the different sections of the tract, of some carbohydrate fractions. About 97 yo ofthe digested water-soluble carbohydrate, over 90 yo of the digested cellulose and over 70 yo ofthe digested hemicellulose were digested before reaching the small intestine. The increasedamount of energy entering the duodenum of the sheep given the dried grass was notaccounted for by changes in the fate of these carbohydrate fractions in the digestive tract. Withunwilted silage, digestibilities of the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions were higher, andlower proportions of the digested carbohydrates were lost before the small intestine.

scholarly journals Modifications to swede (Brassica napusL.) anterior to the terminal ileum of pigs: some implications for the analysis of dietary fibre

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Millard ◽  
A. Chesson
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Suitable Alternative

1. The degradation of a swede (Brussica nupusL., cv. Danestone) diet anterior to the terminal ileum was studied in two pigs fitted with T-shaped cannulas 150 mm before the ileo-caecal junction. Digestibility was calculated with reference to chromic oxide and polyethylene glycol.2. In addition to the total loss of free glucose and fructose, there were substantial modifications to cell-wall material recovered in digesta. These included the apparent loss of 46–50% of uronic acid residues, 72–78% of phenolic material and 10–24% of cellulose initially present in the feed, and a partial solubilization of some hemicellulose components.3. Since ‘fibre’ recovered at the terminal ileum differed in a number of important respects from ingested fibre, a number of methods for the analysis of dietary fibre were examined to establish (1) the extent to which analysis of feed represented material recovered at the terminal ileum and (2) whether such methods could be applied directly to digesta samples. Results were compared with a complete analysis of water-soluble (620 g/kg dry matter) and water-insoluble (380 g/kg dry matter) fractions of feed.4. Chemical fractionation techniques gave more reliable quantitative estimates of fibre than in vitro enzymic digestion methods which overestimated fibre. Acid- and neutral-detergent methods both gave too low an estimate of fibre. As none of the methods could allow for the loss of components (particularly pectic polysaccharides) found by sampling at the terminal ileum, none gave an accurate qualitative or quantitative representation of fibre at this point in the gut.5. It is suggested that, as vegetable fibre recovered at the terminal ileum has already undergone partial hydrolysis, a more dynamic model of dietary fibre, in which the action of gut micro-organisms is considered, may be required to establish possible physiological roles of fibre or fibre components in the digestive tract. Recovery of digesta from sites of interest may be the only way of reliably estimating fibre or specific fibre components at different levels of the gut. This approach to dietary fibre may be impractical when applied directly to humans but the digestive tract of the pig may be a suitable alternative model.

Enzyme supplementation and particle size of wheat in diets for nursery and finishing pigs.

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 3086 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Mavromichalis ◽  
J D Hancock ◽  
B W Senne ◽  
T L Gugle ◽  
G A Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

EFFECTS OF MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR ON MINERALS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF STEERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. GOLFMAN ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Design Effects

Four Holstein steers with cannulae in the rumen, proximal duodenum (PD) and terminal ileum (TI) were fed diets containing: (1) no added Mo or S; (2) Mo added at 10 mg kg−1; (3) S added at 3.0 g kg−1; and (4) Mo and S added at 10 mg and 3.0 g kg−1, respectively, in a Latin square design. Effects of Mo and S on minerals in the digestive tract of steers were evaluated. The solubility of Cu was lower with Mo (P < 0.01) and S (P < 0.01) at the PD and TI, and with Mo plus S (P < 0.05) at the TI. With Mo more (P = 0.07) Cu tended to be excreted in feces. Effects of Mo: Mn, reduced (P < 0.05) input to stomach region and higher (P < 0.01) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.01) solubility at TI with less (P < 0.05) absorbed from large intestine (LI); Fe, more (P = 0.06) absorbed from LI with lower (P < 0.01) fecal excretion; P, lower (P < 0.05) input to stomach region with a tendency for less (P = 0.08) absorbed from small intestine (SI); Na, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from LI; K, lower (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility. Effects of S: Mn, slight tendency for higher (P = 0.10) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.05) solubility at PD; P, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from SI and LI; Mg, tendency for less (P = 0.07) absorbed from stomach region and trend for more (P = 0.08) absorbed distal to PD. Minerals other than Cu were influenced by Mo and S in the digestive tract of cattle. Key words: Cattle, molybdenum, sulfur, digestion, minerals

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