Effects of feed intake and dietary nutrient density on apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients and gross energy for growing pigs1

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 4251-4258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Liu ◽  
Z. Q. Liu ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
H. F. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Gross Energy

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY NUTRIENT DENSITY, LEVEL OF FEED INTAKE AND WEANING AGE ON YOUNG PIGS. I. PERFORMANCE AND BODY COMPOSITION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. BALL ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Normal Density ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Ad Libitum

The performance and final body composition of 128 pigs weaned at either 3 or 4 wk of age and receiving either a normal density (ND) or high density (HD) diet ad libitum or restricted (85% of ad libitum) was determined over a 28-d period. Pigs weaned at 4 wk consumed more feed (P < 0.001) and grew faster (P < 0.005) than those weaned at 3 wk, but body weights at a similar age were not different. The HD diet supported greater gains (P < 0.01) and gain to feed (G:F) ratio (P < 0.005) than the ND diet. Restricting feed intake reduced gains (P < 0.001) and improved G:F ratio (P < 0.05). Interaction effects showed that performance of pigs weaned at 4 wk was less affected by nutrient density and feed restriction than that of pigs weaned at 3 wk of age. Pigs weaned at 4 wk had heavier carcasses at the end of the 28-d period than those weaned at 3 wk but there was no difference in percent water, fat or protein. Nutrient density did not affect body composition. However, restricted feeding increased percent water (P < 0.05), reduced percent fat (P < 0.05) and increased percent protein on a dry matter basis (P < 0.02). A significant interaction between weaning age and level of feed intake showed that restricting the intake of pigs weaned at 4 wk reduced fat deposition more than when intake was restricted for pigs weaned at 3 wk of age (P < 0.05). An interaction between diet, intake level and sex (P < 0.01) showed that even in young pigs, barrows tend to fatten more than gilts when energy intake is adequate and less when energy intake is restricted. Key words: Pigs, weaning, nutrient density, body composition, performance

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VARYING CONCENTRATE: GRASS HAY RATIOS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY BY GROWING WEST AFRICAN FOREST SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
I. O. A. Adeleye ◽  
U. J. Ikhatua
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Gross Energy

Twelve ram lambs of the West African Forest type of between 15.7 and 24.6 kg were divided into four groups of 3 animals each. A group was assigned to one of four diets consisting of the following concentrate: grass hay ratios - 20 : 80 (A), 40 : 60 (B), 60 : 40 (C) and 80 : 20 (D). Feed intake, nutrient digestibilities and efficiency of feed utilization were measured. As the level of concentrate increased, the contents of crude protein ether extract, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and gross energy of the diets increased, while the crude fibre and ash contents decreased almost linearly. Voluntary feed intake increased with increasing levels of concentrate, with diet C having a significantly higher (P 0.01) Relative Intake (RI) value than the other diets. Both the Nutritive Value Index (NVI) and Digestible Energy (DE) intake values were significantly higher (P. 0.01) in diets C and D than the other diets. Generally, the digestion coefficients for the gross energy, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract increased with increasing levels of concentrate, the values being significantly higher (P 0.01) in diets C and D, while diet A showed a significantly lower (P 0.05) dry matter digestion coefficient value when compared with either diets. Although a similar trend was observed in the digestion coefficient for ether extract, the differences were not significant (P 0.05). With the exception of animals on diet C which had the highest daily weight gains, average daily weight gains and efficiency of feed utilization increased with successive substitution of concentrate for grass hay.

Apparent Digestibility in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri): Influence of Hypoxia

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2003-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pouliot ◽  
J. de la Noüe
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Oxygen Saturation Level ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Different Sources

We assessed the influence of hypoxia, which is likely to reduce the productivity of fish culture, on the digestibility of nutrients in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Rainbow trout (seven to each diet) were kept for 8 d in water with an oxygen saturation level of 40.0 ± 4.0%, while control fish were kept in 89.4 ± 4.2% oxygen-saturated water. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets composed of different sources of protein (animal, plant, and mixed) were used. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) were calculated by the indirect method (chromic oxide) after the automatic collection of feces. The experimental hypoxia used did not change the ADC for protein (total nitrogen), gross energy, or dry matter. The amino acids only showed a tendency for better absorption: proline, glycine, alanine, and tryptophan had a significantly higher ADC (P < 0.05) in experimental fish than in control fish when the animal protein based diet was used. Finally, we noted that feed intake was diet dependent. In contrast with what we observed with the commercial (mixed protein sources) and plant protein based diets, the fish receiving the animal protein based diet maintained a normal (or returning to normal) feed intake when they were subjected to hypoxia.

Effect of dietary nutrient density and vitamin premix withdrawal on performance and meat quality of broiler chickens

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 2979-2985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mirshekar ◽  
Behrouz Dastar ◽  
Bahareh Shabanpour ◽  
Saeed Hassani
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Dietary Nutrient

scholarly journals Digestive Ability, Physiological Characteristics, and Rumen Bacterial Community of Holstein Finishing Steers in Response to Three Nutrient Density Diets as Fattening Phases Advanced

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Qiu ◽  
Chaoyu Gao ◽  
Muhammad Aziz ur Rahman ◽  
Binghai Cao ◽  
Huawei Su
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Bacterial Richness

The aim of this study is to track the dynamic alterations in nutrient intake and digestion, rumen fermentation and plasma metabolic characteristics, and rumen bacterial community of Holstein finishing steers in response to three nutrient density diets as fattening phases advanced. A total of eighteen Holstein steers were randomly allocated into three nutrient density groups and steers in each group were fed under a three-phase fattening strategy, with nutrient density increased in each group when fattening phase advanced. Results showed that both fattening phase and dietary nutrient density significantly influenced the nutrient digestion, most of the rumen fermentation parameters, and part of bacteria at phylum and genus levels. Individually, dietary nutrient density affected the concentrations of plasma alanine aminotransferase and urea N, bacterial richness and evenness. All determined nutrient intake and plasma biochemical parameters, except for alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride, differed among fattening phases. Spearman correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between fiber intake and bacterial richness and evenness, rumen fermentation characteristics and certain bacteria. Moreover, Patescibacteria abundance was positively correlated with ambient temperature and plasma total protein. These results indicate that rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion were influenced by both dietary nutrient density and fattening phase, and these influences were regulated by certain rumen bacterial community and ruminal bacteria may be affected simultaneously by ambient temperature. This study may provide insights into diet optimization and potentially adaptive mechanism of rumen bacterial community in response to fattening phases and gradually climatic change.

scholarly journals The Phosphorus Needs of Finishing Broilers in Relationship to Dietary Nutrient Density Levels

1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1655-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Waldroup ◽  
R.J. Mitchell ◽  
K.R. Hazen
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Dietary Nutrient
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