Feed intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, and real-time ultrasound traits in Duroc pigs: II. Genomewide association

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2846-2860 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jiao ◽  
C. Maltecca ◽  
K. A. Gray ◽  
J. P. Cassady
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genomewide Association ◽  
Daily Gain

scholarly journals 268 Administering an appeasing substance to optimize welfare and performance of receiving cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colombo ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Jacob Wiegand ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment evaluated the impacts of bovine appeasing substance (BAS) administration on performance, health, and physiological responses of feedlot cattle during a 45-d receiving period. A total of 342 recently-weaned Angus-influenced steers, originating from 16 cow-calf operations, were obtained from an auction yard on d -1 and road-transported (12 h) to the feedlot. Upon arrival on d 0, body weight (BW) was recorded and steers were ranked by BW and source and assigned to receive BAS (Nutricorp, Araras, SP, Brazil; n = 171) or placebo (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; CON; n = 171). Treatments (5 mL) were topically applied to the nuchal skin area of each animal. Within treatment, calves were allocated to 1 of 24 drylot pens (12 pens/treatment) and received a free choice total-mixed ration from d 1 to 45. Calves were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs and feed intake was recorded from each pen daily. Steer BW was again recorded on d 1, 7, 17, 31, and 45, whereas blood samples were collected from 5 steers/pen concurrently with each BW assessment. Average daily gain was greater (P = 0.05) in BAS vs. CON calves, although final BW did not differ (P = 0.36) between treatments. No treatment effects were detected for feed intake (P = 0.95), resulting in greater (P = 0.05) feed efficiency in BAS vs. CON steers. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.37) for plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, whereas plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P = 0.05) in CON vs. BAS steers on d 7 (treatment × day; P = 0.07). Incidence of BRD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in BAS vs. CON on d 6 to 10 and d 18 to 21 (treatment × day; P < 0.01), although overall BRD incidence did not differ (P = 0.24) between treatments. The number of antimicrobial treatments required per steer diagnosed with BRD symptoms to recover from sickness was greater (P = 0.04) in CON vs. BAS calves. No treatment differences were detected (P ≥ 0.41) for mortality incidence, or proportion of steers removed from the experiment due to extreme sickness. Results from this experiment indicate BAS administration upon feedlot entry improved average daily gain by enhancing feed efficiency. Administration of BAS facilitated earlier detection of BRD and reduced the need for antimicrobial treatments. Collectively, these results suggest BAS administration as a promising strategy to benefit performance and immunocompetence of feedlot receiving cattle.

PSIV-2 A comparison of feedlot growth and performance of beef x Holstein crossbred steers and Holstein steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
Bailey L Basiel ◽  
Chad D Dechow ◽  
Tara L Felix
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Objectives were to compare feedlot performance and carcass traits of F1 beef × Holstein steers and Holstein steers. Angus or Limousin × Holstein crossbred [n = 27; age = 12 ± 3 months; body weight (BW) = 435 ± 8 kg] and Holstein (n = 20; age = 11 ± 2 months; BW = 400 ± 9 kg) steers were fed at the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Livestock Evaluation Center for 111 days. Feed intake was recorded using the GrowSafe Feed Intake Monitoring System (Model 4000E, GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Calgary AB, Canada). The diet contained corn silage, dried distillers grains, soybean meal, and cracked corn and was formulated to meet or exceed the requirements of beef cattle (NASEM, 2016). Growth performance variables of interest and carcass measurements were analyzed with the Mixed procedure of SAS (SAS 9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). USDA assigned quality grades (QG) and yield grades (YG) were analyzed the with GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Breed was a fixed effect in all models. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between breeds in average daily gain or feed efficiency. Crossbreds exceeded Holsteins in initial (P < 0.01) and final BW (P = 0.01), dry matter intake (P = 0.03), hot carcass weight (P < 0.01), backfat (P = 0.03), and ribeye area (REA; P < 0.01). Thirty-five percent (35%) of the Holsteins received a QG of Choice or above while 74% of crossbreds graded USDA Choice or above (P = 0.01). However, 75% of Holsteins were YG 2 or lower while only 45% of crossbreds achieved YG 2 or less (P = 0.05). There was no improvement in efficiency when crossbreds were compared to Holsteins; however, carcasses from crossbreds were more likely to grade USDA Choice or above while yielding greater REA and backfat than Holsteins.

Relationships between the activity of respiratory-chain complexes in pre- (biopsy) or post-slaughter muscle samples and feed efficiency in random-bred Ghezel lambs

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
M. J. Zamiri ◽  
R. Mehrabi ◽  
G. R. Kavoosi ◽  
H. Rajaei Sharifabadi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Chain Complex ◽  
Respiratory Chain Complex ◽  
Respiratory Chain Complexes ◽  
Chain Complexes ◽  
Daily Gain

The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in pre- and post-slaughter muscle samples and residual feed intake (RFI) in Ghezel male lambs born as a result of random mating. The study was based on the hypothesis that random-bred lambs with lower feed (or higher) RFI have lower (or higher) respiratory chain-complex activity in muscle samples. Lambs (n = 30) were fed a diet consisting of 70% concentrate and 30% alfalfa hay during a 70-day period. Individual feed intake and average daily gain were recorded to calculate the RFI, feed-conversion ratio (FCR) and adjusted FCR (aFCR). On the basis of these calculations, the lambs were classified into low and high groups for RFI, with FCR and aFCR (n = 22) being one standard deviation above or below the means; this was corroborated by Student’s t-test (P < 0.01). At the end of the experiment, a 10-g biopsy sample was taken from the posterior side of the left femoral biceps. After 24 h, the lambs were slaughtered, and a sample from the posterior side of the right femoral biceps was dissected for determination of mitochondrial protein and respiratory chain-complex activities (Complexes I–V). The RFI was not correlated with the metabolic bodyweight and average daily gain, but was positively correlated (r = 0.56) with the average daily feed intake (P < 0.01); mean daily feed intake in the low-RFI group was 200 g less than that in the high-RFI group. The FCR and aFCR were not significantly (P > 0.05) correlated with average daily feed intake (r = 0.39 and r = 0.36 respectively), but showed a negative correlation (P < 0.01) with average daily gain (r = –0.73 and r = –0.76 respectively). Although very high negative correlations were recorded between the activities of all five respiratory-chain complexes and RFI in muscle samples obtained before (–0.91 to –0.97) and after (–0.92 to –0.97) slaughter, Complexes I and V showed small negative correlations (–0.40) with FCR or aFCR (P < 0.05). Enzyme activities of the respiratory-chain Complexes I, III and V were not significantly different between the pre- and post-slaughter biopsy samples; however, the enzyme activities of respiratory-chain Complexes II and IV were slightly higher in post-slaughter samples (P < 0.01). These results suggested that it may be possible to use the enzymatic activity of respiratory-chain complexes in muscle biopsy samples for screening of lambs for RFI, providing a useful procedure for genetic selection of lambs for this component of feed efficiency. These encouraging results need to be verified in further experiments using other sheep breeds and a larger number of lambs.

Feeding frequency and its effect on feedlot performance in steers

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
D. F. Engstrom ◽  
D. R. ZoBell
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Daily Gain

One hundred and twenty commercial feedlot steers were penned and randomly allocated to three treatments: fed once, twice and three times per day, over a grower through finisher period of 196 d. Feeding frequency had no effect (P > 0.05) on average daily gain, feed intake or efficiency overall. We conclude that there are no beneficial effects in feeding a total mixed diet more frequently to feedlot steers. Key words: Feeding, frequency, gain, steers, feed efficiency

scholarly journals PSIV-20 Impact of OutPace® Feed Additive on nursery pig growth performance: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-176
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bass ◽  
Stacie Crowder ◽  
Terry Weeden ◽  
Murali Raghavendra Rao ◽  
Brenda de Rodas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract OutPace® Feed Additive (OP), contains a carefully researched blend of activated medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs; PMI, Arden Hills, MN), formulated to help mitigate the effects of stress in nursery pigs. Several studies using OP in both late and full nursery periods resulted in improved pig performance. A meta-analysis using 9 studies (4 studies during late nursery [15 to 26.8 kg BW] and 5 studies during the full nursery [5.9 to 25.4 kg]) was done to determine the impact of OP (included at 0.25% Phase 1 and 2; 0.125% Phase 3) on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion. The combined data was considered a randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance was completed with mixed models using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (SAS 9.4, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) and least squares means were compared using Fisher’s least significant difference (P < 0.05). In the analysis of 5 studies conducted in late nursery (45 pens/treatment of 6 to 20 pigs/pen), pigs provided OP had higher average daily gain (0.67 vs 0.63 kg/d; P < 0.05), increased average daily feed intake (0.99 vs 0.97 kg/d; P < 0.05), and improved feed efficiency (0.67 vs 0.65 kg gain/kg feed intake; P < 0.05) compared to pigs fed control diets. Additionally, when pigs were provided OP throughout the nursery period (20 pens/treatment of 7 to 20 pigs/pen), average daily gain was increased 6.1% (0.48 vs 0.45 kg/d; P < 0.05), average daily feed intake tended to be increased 2.2% (0.62 vs 0.61 kg/d; P < 0.1), and feed efficiency was improved 2.7% (0.76 vs 0.74 kg gain/kg feed intake; P < 0.05) compared to pigs provided control diets. In conclusion, providing OP to pigs during the nursery period improved ADG and feed efficiency.

scholarly journals EFISIENSI PRODUKSI SAPI POTONG PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT PADA MUSIM KEMARAU DI DAERAH PERTANIAN LAHAN KERING KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Handayanta ◽  
Lutojo Lutojo ◽  
Kurniasih Nurdiati
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmer ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Daily Gain

<p><em>This research was conducted to know the production efficiency of beef cattle in smallholder farmer in a dry farming area at dry season. Research has been started on June and finished on September (dry season) at smallholder farmer in the village Kemejing, Semin subdistrict, district Gunungkidul, DIY. The research materials are 28 heads of beef cattle from 17 farmers, which consist of 10 heads of PO breed, 10 heads of a Simpo breed, and 8 heads of Limpo breed with 292.25 kg of initial body weight. This research was using Participatory Rural Appraisal method which is a collecting data process that an active teamwork between data collector and farmer. Collected parameter are feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, feed cost per gain (FC/G), and income over feed cost (IOFC). Data resulting from this research are 8.42 kg/head/day of feed intake, 0.19 kg/head/day of ADG, 0.021 of feed efficiency, Rp 46.166,62 of feed cost per gain, and Rp 3.985,55 of income over feed cost. It can be concluded that the efficient production of beef cattle in smallholder farmer at the dry area is low because average daily gain, feed cost per gain and income over feed cost produced are extremely small so if the calculated economic result is less favorable.</em></p>

PSXI-5 Genome-wide association study of feed efficiency in Russian Duroc boars

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 247-247
Author(s):  
Anna A Belous ◽  
Alexander A Sermyagin ◽  
Natalia A Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The cost of fodder is the major part in expenditure in pork industry. In this regard, improving the feed efficiency is the main goal of breeding programs for the most of pig breeds. Residual feed intake (RFI) is an alternative measure for feed efficiency, which is accepted in different livestock species including pigs. RFI is defined as the difference between the observed and predicted feed intake based on average daily gain and (additionally) back fat thickness. Our aim was to find the candidate genes responsible for RFI in Russian Duroc boars. RFI values for individual boars (n = 766) were calculated using linear regression of daily feed intake on metabolic mid-test weight and average daily gain. The SNP genotyping was carried out using Porcine GGP HD BeadChip (GeneSeek/Neogene). After data quality control, performed in PLINK 1.9, 43,199 SNPs were selected for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The average daily gain in studied boars was 957 g with variation in individual animals from 424 to 1508 g. Feed conversion rates averaged to 2.21 kg/kg with variation from 1.8 to 3.7 kg/kg. GWAS results showed the presence of 48 SNPs, which were significantly (P &lt; 0.00001) associated with RFI, including 15 SNPs on SSC2, 9 SNP – SSC4, 2 SNPs – SSC6, 21 SNPs – SSC9, and 1 SNP – SSC17. A search for genes located within 0.4 Mb window (0.2 Mb down-stream to 0.2 Mb up-stream from identified SNP) revealed several putative candidates. Functional annotation of the obtained candidates showed the presence of genes involved in protein metabolism (ADAMTS2,UIMC1 on SSC2; NTNG1 on SSC4), regulation of glucose and bile acid metabolism (FGFR4 on SSC2), neuronal development (ENC1 on SSC2; NTRK1, MEF2D on SSC4), vitamin D and K pathways (BGLAP on SSC4). The study was funded by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education No.0445-2019-0029.

scholarly journals 147 Effects of added dietary Zn and Cu or an essential oils blend in a nursery feeding program

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
Robyn Thompson ◽  
Brandon Knopf ◽  
Laura Greiner ◽  
Jon R Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Approximately 1,200 weaned pigs (8.8 ± 1 kg; Camborough×337, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were used to evaluate the effects of a blend of essential oils compared to therapeutic programs [negative control (NC), Carbodox (NC + 55 ppm Mecadox, Phibro, Teaneck, NJ; MX), added ZnO and CuSO4 (NC + 2,000 ppm Zn and 150 ppm Cu in P1 and 150 ppm Cu in P2; ZnCu), and essential oils blend (NC + 0.4% Victus Liv, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ; VL)]. Pigs were allotted to the treatments 10 d after weaning. Treatments occurred over 2 phases: 14 d (P1) and 21 d (P2). Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (F:G) were evaluated. Data were analyzed as a CRD using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit and treatment as main effect. During P1, pigs fed MX or ZnCu had increased ADG compared with NC (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively) and VL (P = 0.007 and P = 0.018, respectively). Pigs fed MX, VL, or ZnCu had improved F:G compared to NC (P < 0.0001, P = 0.04, and P = 0.001, respectively). In P2, ZnCu or MX increased ADG compared to VL (P = 0.03, P = 0.06, respectively) and ZnCu tended to increase ADG compared to NC (P = 0.07). Overall (d 0 to 35), VL tended to decrease the percent removals compared with NC (P = 0.07). In conclusion, feeding MX or ZnCu improved ADG and F:G and diets with VL resulted in the least removals.

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