Evaluation of trace mineral source and preharvest deletion of trace minerals from finishing diets for pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork quality1,2,3

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 3833-3841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. Ma ◽  
M. D. Lindemann ◽  
G. L. Cromwell ◽  
R. B. Cox ◽  
G. Rentfrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Finishing Diets

PSIV-17 Effects of Trace Mineral Source and Level on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Grow-finish Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 180-180
Author(s):  
Henrique S Cemin ◽  
Luke A Swalla ◽  
Jamie L Pietig ◽  
Sharlie A Hansen ◽  
Ernie L Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Organic Trace Minerals ◽  
Mineral Levels ◽  
Organic Trace ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of trace mineral source and level for grow-finish pigs. In Exp. 1, 2,168 pigs (initial BW = 23.0 kg) were used in a 117-d trial. There were 5 treatments based on inorganic (sulfates and oxides) or organic (Alltech Bioplex, Lexington, KY) minerals supplemented at different levels as follows: 1) Industry inorganic (120 mg/kg Zn, 100 mg/kg Fe, 40 mg/kg Mn, 10 mg/kg Cu); 2) 100% NRC inorganic (60 mg/kg Zn, 60 mg/kg Fe, 2.2 mg/kg Mn, 4 mg/kg Cu); 3) 33% NRC organic (20 mg/kg Zn, 20 mg/kg Fe, 0.7 mg/kg Mn, 1.3 mg/kg Cu); 4) 66% NRC organic (40 mg/kg Zn, 40 mg/kg Fe, 1.5 mg/kg Mn, 2.6 mg/kg Cu); and 5) 100% NRC organic (60 mg/kg Zn, 60 mg/kg Fe, 2.2 mg/kg Mn, 4 mg/kg Cu). Selenium level was 0.30 mg/kg for all treatments. Treatment 1 had 14 replicates and the other treatments had 18 replicates. Pigs were weighed approximately every three weeks and carcass data was collected at the end of the trial. Data was analyzed with SAS MIXED procedure. There was no evidence for differences (P > 0.10) for overall ADG, ADFI, G:F, and final BW. Pigs fed 66% NRC organic had the highest (P < 0.05) percentage lean and loin depth. In Exp. 2, 1,188 pigs (initial BW = 25.9 kg) were used in a 120-d trial with two treatments: 1) Industry inorganic and 2) 66% NRC organic, with the same mineral levels as Exp. 1 and 24 replicates per treatment. There was no difference (P > 0.10) in growth performance. Similar to Exp. 1, pigs fed 66% NRC organic had higher (P < 0.05) percentage lean and loin depth. In conclusion, lower levels of organic trace minerals resulted in improved carcass characteristics without compromising growth performance.

The Effects of Varying Levels of Trace Mineral Supplementation on Feedlot Cattle Performance and Carcass Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
Brittany A Lippy ◽  
Blake K Wilson ◽  
Colton A Robison
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Cattle Performance

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of 4 levels of trace mineral supplementation on feedlot cattle. Two hundred and forty Angus crossbred steers (n = 48, BW = 291 ± 27 kg) were stratified by arrival BW and source and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental treatments in a randomized complete block design (12 pens/ treatment; 5 steers/pen). Cattle went through a 35 d depletion period prior to the administration of treatments where cattle received a supplement that included zero trace minerals and was formulated to meet or exceed other nutrient requirements not met by the ration. Cattle were administered treatments after transition to the finishing ration. The treatments included a negative control (CON) which contained no added trace minerals, a requirement treatment (1X) in which cattle received added trace minerals at requirement levels indicated by NASEM (Co 0.15 mg/kg, Cu 10 mg/kg, Fe 50 mg/kg, I 0.5 mg/kg, Mn 20 mg/kg, Se 0.1 mg/kg, Zn 30 mg/kg; NASEM 2016), a 2 times requirement levels (2X) treatment, and a treatment at four times requirement (4X) levels recommended by the NASEM. Iron was kept constant at 50 mg/kg for 1X, 2X, and 4X treatments. Due to feeding laws, Selenium was included at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/kg for 1X, 2X, and 4X respectively. Treatment levels were chosen based on the 2015 Feedlot Consulting Nutritionist Survey. There was no difference in BW, ADG, overall DMI and G:F over the course of the experiment (Linear P ≥ 0.12; Quadratic P ≥ 0.17; CON vs Supplements P ≥ 0.47) There was no difference in marbling score, yield grade, back fat, REA, HCW, or dressing percentage between treatments (Linear P ≥ 0.23; Quadratic P ≥ 0.36; CON vs Supplements P ≥ 0.30). In conclusion, the lack of or addition of supplemented trace minerals at or above indicated requirement levels has no effect on cattle performance or carcass characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing inorganic with organic trace minerals on growth performance, carcass characteristics and chemical composition of broiler thigh meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 1570-1575
Author(s):  
Baloch Zulqarnain ◽  
Yasmeen Nafeesa ◽  
Naseer Pasha Talat ◽  
Ahmad Ashfaq ◽  
Kamran Taj Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Organic Trace Minerals ◽  
Organic Trace

scholarly journals Effect of protein source and non-roughage NDF content in finishing diets of feedlot cattle fed free-choice hay on growth performance and carcass characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro M Pittaluga ◽  
Chris Clark ◽  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Fat Thickness

Abstract One-hundred twenty crossbreed steers (initial body weight (BW) 566 ± 42 kg) were used to evaluate the interaction of protein source (PS) and non-roughage NDF content (NRFC) in finishing diets of feedlot cattle fed free-choice hay on performance and carcass characteristics. Steers were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to 8 pens (2×2 factorial) and fed for 104 ± 10 d. Four dietary treatments were investigated: 1) distillers’ dry grains with solubles (DDGS) and a low NRFC (DLF), 2) DDGS and a high NRFC (DHF), 3) soybean meal (SBM) and a low NRFC (SLF), 4) SBM and a high NRFC (SHF). Free-choice grass hay and concentrates were offered in a different bunk. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design. Do to the confounded effect of PS and protein intake, a linear regression was used to evaluate the effect of protein intake in growth performance. For gain to feed ratio (G:F) an interaction tended to occur (P = 0.10) between PS and NRFC. Steers on the DHF treatment had a lower G:F compared with SLF and SHF. Feeding SBM increased (P = 0.05) final BW, tended to increase (P = 0.06) average daily gain (ADG), and decreased (P = 0.05) hay intake (HI) compared with steers fed DDGS. There was a positive association (P ˂ 0.01) of crude protein intake with ADG and FBW. Dietary NRFC did not change (P ≥ 0.3) final BW, ADG, DMI, and HI. Protein source did not affect (P ≥ 0.16) hot carcass weight (HCW), longissimus muscle (LM) area, dressing, 12th rib fat thickness, or marbling score (MS). No differences were detected between NRFC for dressing, HCW, LM area, or MS (P ≥ 0.18); but diets with greater NRFC decreased (P = 0.03) the 12th rib fat thickness. Steers in the SHF treatment presented the lesser kidney-pelvic-heart fat compared with the remaining treatments (PS×NRFC interaction, P = 0.04). Soybean meal inclusion/increase in protein intake improved growth performance of feedlot steers compared with DDGS, despite protein intake meet the protein requirement. Increasing the NRFC did not affect growth or HI but decreased feed efficiency of steers fed DDGS.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary roughage neutral detergent fiber levels and flint corn processing method on growth performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, and rumen morphometrics of Bos indicus cattle1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3562-3577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Humberto F de Melo ◽  
Rodrigo S Marques ◽  
Vinícius N Gouvêa ◽  
Jonas de Souza ◽  
Camila D A Batalha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Corn Processing

Abstract Flint corn processing method [coarse ground corn (CGC; 3.2 mm average particle size) or steam-flaked corn (SFC; 0.360 kg/L flake density)] was evaluated in conjunction with 4 levels of NDF from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as roughage source (RNDF; 4%, 7%, 10%, and 13%; DM basis) to determine impact on growth performance, carcass characteristics, starch utilization, feeding behavior, and rumen morphometrics of Bos indicus beef cattle. Two hundred and forty Nellore bulls were blocked by initial BW (350 ± 37 kg), assigned to 32 feedlot pens and pens within weight block were randomly assigned, in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (2 corn processing and 4 levels of RNDF) to treatments. Effects of corn grain processing × RNDF level were not detected (P ≥ 0.14) for growth performance, dietary net energy concentration, carcass traits, rumen morphometrics, and feeding behavior, except for time spent ruminating and time spent resting (P ≤ 0.04), and a tendency for papillae width (P ≤ 0.09). Bulls fed SFC-based diets consumed 7% less (P = 0.001), had 10.6% greater carcass-adjusted ADG (P < 0.001) and 19% greater carcass-adjusted feed efficiency (P < 0.001) compared with bulls fed CGC-based diets. Observed net energy for maintenance and gain values were 14.9% and 19.4% greater (P < 0.001), respectively, for SFC than for CGC-based diets. Fecal starch concentration was less (P < 0.001) for bulls fed SFC compared with those fed CGC. No grain processing effects were detected (P = 0.51) for rumenitis score; however, cattle fed SFC presented smaller ruminal absorptive surface area (P = 0.03). Dry matter intake increased linearly (P = 0.02) and carcass-adjusted feed efficiency tended (P = 0.06) to decrease linearly as RNDF increased. Dietary RNDF concentration did not affect carcass characteristics (P ≥ 0.19), except for dressing percentage, which tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.06) as RNDF in finishing diets increased. Increasing RNDF in finishing diets had no effect (P = 0.26) on time spent eating, but time spent ruminating and resting increased linearly (min/d; P < 0.001) with increased dietary RNDF. Steam flaking markedly increased flint corn energy value, net energy of diets, and animal growth performance, and led to improvements on feed efficiency when compared with grinding, regardless of RNDF content of diets. Increasing dietary RNDF compromised feedlot cattle feed efficiency and carcass dressing.

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