Energy, phosphorus, and amino acid digestibility of high-protein distillers dried grains and corn germ fed to growing pigs1

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 2994-3003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Widmer ◽  
L. M. McGinnis ◽  
H. H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Corn Germ ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains

Dietary protein paradox: decrease of amino acid availability induced by high-protein diets

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (6) ◽  
pp. G1057-G1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Moundras ◽  
C. Remesy ◽  
C. Demigne
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Serine Dehydratase ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of changes in dietary protein level on overall availability of amino acids for tissues. For this purpose, rats were adapted to diets containing various concentrations of casein (7.5, 15, 30, and 60%) and were sampled either during the postprandial or postabsorptive period. In rats fed the protein-deficient diet, glucogenic amino acids (except threonine) tended to accumulate in plasma, liver, and muscles. In rats fed high-protein diets, the hepatic balance of glucogenic amino acids was markedly enhanced and their liver concentrations were consistently depressed. This response was the result of a marked induction of amino acid catabolism (a 45-fold increase of liver threonine-serine dehydratase activity was observed with the 60% casein diet). The muscle concentrations of threonine, serine, and glycine underwent changes parallel to plasma and liver concentrations, and a significant reduction of glutamine was observed. During the postabsorptive period, adaptation to high-protein diets resulted in a sustained catabolism of most glucogenic amino acids, which accentuated the drop in their concentrations (especially threonine) in all the compartments studied. The time course of metabolic adaptation from a 60 to a 15% casein diet has also been investigated. Adaptation of alanine and glutamine metabolism was rapid, whereas that of threonine, serine, and glycine was delayed and required 7-11 days. This was paralleled by a relatively slow decay of liver threonine-serine dehydratase (T-SDH) activity in contrast to the rapid adaptation of pyruvate kinase activity after refeeding a high-carbohydrate diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effect of Different Extrusion Processing Parameters on Physical Properties of Soy White Flakes and High Protein Distillers Dried Grains-Based Extruded Aquafeeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil K. Singh ◽  
K. Muthukumarappan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Durability Index

<p>Nutritionally balanced ingredient blends for catla (<em>Catla catla</em>), belonging to the family Cyprinidae, were extruded using single screw extruder. The extrusion was carried out at five levels of soy white flakes content (21%, 29%, 40%, 52%, and 59% db), five levels of moisture content (15, 19, 25, 31, and 35% db) and five levels of barrel temperature (100, 110, 125, 140, and 150 ºC) using three different die nozzles (having L/D ratios 3.33, 5.83, and 7.25). Blends with net protein content of 32.5% contains soy white flakes, along with high protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG), corn flour, corn gluten meal, fish meal, vitamin, and mineral mix. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and  response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the significance of independent and interaction effects of the extrusion process variables on the extrudates physical properties namely pellet durability index, bulk density, water absorption and solubility indices and expansion ratio. Quadratic polynomial regression equations were developed to correlate the product responses and process variables as well as to obtain the response surfaces plots. The independent variables had significant (<em>P </em>&lt; 0.05) effects on physical properties of extrudates: (i) higher soy white flakes content increased the pellet durability index and water absorption index, but decreased the water solubility index, (ii) higher temperature decreased pellet durability index, bulk density and water solubility index, (iii) increased L/D ratio from 3.33 to 7.25 increased the pellet durability index, expansion ratio but decreased the bulk density of the extrudates.</p>

High Protein Intake during Continuous Hemodiafiltration: Impact on Amino Acids and Nitrogen Balance

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bellomo ◽  
H. K. Tan ◽  
S. Bhonagiri ◽  
I. Gopal ◽  
J. Seacombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Continuous Hemodiafiltration ◽  
High Protein Intake

Aims To study the effect of combined continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) and high (2.5 g/kg/day) parenteral amino acid supplementation on nitrogen balance, amino acid losses and azotemic control in a cohort of patients with severe acute renal failure (ARF). Methods We administered 2.5 grams/kg/day of amino acids intravenously to seven critically ill patients with ARF. We obtained paired blood and ultrafiltrate (UF) samples (n=20) and calculated amino acid clearances and losses, nitrogen balance, protein catabolic rate and total nitrogen losses. Results The median total serum amino acid concentration was high at 5.2 mmol/L with particularly high concentrations of ornithine, lysine, and phenylalanine, but a low level of histidine. The median overall amino acid clearance was 18.6 ml/min (range: 12 to 29 ml/min). UF losses as percentage of administered dose were high for tyrosine (53.6 %) but low for methionine (3.0 %) and arginine (2.3 %). A positive nitrogen balance was achieved in 7 (35%) of the 20 study days with an overall median nitrogen balance of -1.8 g/day. Urea levels were maintained at a median of 26.6 mmol/L. Conclusions High protein intake increases the serum concentrations of most amino acids. Such protein supplementation, when coupled with CVVHDF, achieves a slightly negative overall nitrogen balance in extremely catabolic patients while still allowing adequate azotemic control.

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