Venison: Meat from red deer (Cervus elaphus) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Eva Wiklund; Mustafa Farouk; Greg Finstad

doi:10.2527/af.2014-0034

Experimental infection of reindeer with Elaphostrongylus (Nematoda; Protostrongylidae) originating from reindeer, red deer, and moose

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z89-173 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 1200-1202 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Odd Halvorsen ◽

Arne Skorping ◽

Karstein Bye

Keyword(s):

Experimental Infection ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Alces Alces ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽

Third Stage ◽

Arianta Arbustorum ◽

Elaphostrongylus Rangiferi

To test the hypothesis that palearctic cervids are infected with several species of Elaphostrongylus, reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves were inoculated with third-stage larvae grown in Arianta arbustorum from first-stage larvae extracted from reindeer, red deer (Cervus elaphus atlanticus), and moose (Alces alces) feces. None of the five reindeer calves inoculated with larvae from red deer and none of the three reindeer calves inoculated with larvae from moose became infected. Twelve of the 14 reindeer calves inoculated with larvae from reindeer became infected. Infection was demonstrated by finding first-stage larvae in the feces and (or) by finding worms at necropsy. These results suggest that several species of Elaphostrongylus parasitize palearctic cervids. In view of our results and the need for further taxonomic work on the group, it is argued that the names Elaphostrongylus cervi and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi should be reserved for worms from red deer and reindeer, respectively. Worms from moose may belong to an undescribed species.

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Gammaherpesvirus in Cervid Species from Norway: Characterization of a New Virus in Wild and Semi-Domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12080876 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 876

Author(s):

Carlos G. das Neves ◽

Carlos Sacristán ◽

Knut Madslien ◽

Morten Tryland

Keyword(s):

Dna Polymerase ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Future Studies ◽

Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Wild Reindeer

Gammaherpesvirus infections have been described in cervids worldwide, mainly the genera Macavirus or Rhadinovirus. However, little is known about the gammaherpesviruses species infecting cervids in Norway and Fennoscandia. Blood samples from semi-domesticated (n = 39) and wild (n = 35) Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), moose (Alces alces, n = 51), and red deer (Cervus elaphus, n = 41) were tested using a panherpesvirus DNA polymerase (DPOL) PCR. DPOL-PCR-positive samples were subsequently tested for the presence of glycoprotein B (gB) gene. The viral DPOL gene was amplified in 28.2% (11/39) of the semi-domesticated reindeer and in 48.6% (17/35) of the wild reindeer. All moose and red deer tested negative. Additionally, gB gene was amplified in 4 of 11 semi-domesticated and 15 of 17 wild Eurasian reindeer DPOL-PCR-positive samples. All the obtained DPOL and gB sequences were highly similar among them, and corresponded to a novel gammaherpesvirus species, tentatively named Rangiferine gammaherpesvirus 1, that seemed to belong to a genus different from Macavirus and Rhadinovirus. This is the first report of a likely host-specific gammaherpesvirus in semi-domesticated reindeer, an economic and cultural important animal, and in wild tundra reindeer, the lastpopulation in Europe. Future studies are required to clarify the potential impact of this gammaherpesvirus on reindeer health.

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Elaphostrongylus spp. from Scandinavian cervidae - a scanning electron microscope study (SEM)

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.10.1.789 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Margareta Stéen ◽

Carina Johansson

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Alces Alces ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Separate Species ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽

Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Scanning Electron

Nematodes of the genus Elaphostrongylus collected from moose (Alces alces L.), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.), and red deer (Cervus elaphus L.), respectively, were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. Morphological differences in the ribs of the genital bursa were demonstrated. The Elaphostrongylus species from reindeer and red deer differed from each other in four ribs of the genital bursa. These results agree with the morphological characters of E. cervi and E. rangiferi described by Cameron (1931) and Mitskevitch (1960). The genital bursa of Elaphostrongylus sp. from moose, in accordance with the description of E. alces by Steen et al. (1989) showed characteristics differing from those found in Elaphostrongylus spp. from reindeer and red deer respectively. These results support the hypothesis that there are three separate species of Elaphostrongylus present in Scandinavian Cervidae. Svep-elektroniska studier på Elaphostrongylus spp. hos skandinaviska hjortdjur.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Rundmaskar inom slaktet Elaphostrongylus funna hos alg (Alces alces L.), ren (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) och kronhjort(Cervus elaphus L.) studerades med hjalp av svepelelektronmikroskop. De hanliga bursorna med sin a stodjeribbor uppvisade variationer i utseende, langd och placering mellan dessa rundmaskar. De arter av Elaphostrongylus funna hos ren och kronhjort skilde sig åt avseende fyra stodjeribbor på de hanliga bursorna. Dessa resultat stammer val overens med de karaktarer som tidigare ar beskrivna av Cameron(1931) och av Mitskevich (1960). Den hanliga bursan hos arten Elaphostrongylus funnen hos alg, vilken tidigare ar beskriven av Steen et al. (1989), visade upp ett utseende som skilde sig från bursorna hos de Elaphostrongylus-arter funna hos ren och kronhjort. Dessa resultat stoder hypotesen om tre skilda arter av Elaphostrongylus hos skandinaviska hjortdjur.

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Metagenomic analysis of the cow, sheep, reindeer and red deer rumen

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81668-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Glendinning ◽

Buğra Genç ◽

R. John Wallace ◽

Mick Watson

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Novel Species ◽

Ovis Aries ◽

Metagenomic Analysis ◽

Reference Dataset ◽

Microbial Genomes ◽

Ruminant Species

AbstractThe rumen microbiota comprises a community of microorganisms which specialise in the degradation of complex carbohydrates from plant-based feed. These microbes play a highly important role in ruminant nutrition and could also act as sources of industrially useful enzymes. In this study, we performed a metagenomic analysis of samples taken from the ruminal contents of cow (Bos Taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). We constructed 391 metagenome-assembled genomes originating from 16 microbial phyla. We compared our genomes to other publically available microbial genomes and found that they contained 279 novel species. We also found significant differences between the microbiota of different ruminant species in terms of the abundance of microbial taxonomies, carbohydrate-active enzyme genes and KEGG orthologs. We present a dataset of rumen-derived genomes which in combination with other publicly-available rumen genomes can be used as a reference dataset in future metagenomic studies.

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Ribosomal RNA analysis of Babesia odocoilei isolates from farmed reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ) and elk ( Cervus elaphus canadensis ) in Wisconsin

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-003-0984-5 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 378-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Patricia J. Holman ◽

Richard L. Jones-Witthuhn ◽

Scott O. Jones ◽

Kylie G. Bendele ◽

Lorien Schoelkopf

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Rna Analysis ◽

Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus

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Metagenomic analysis of the cow, sheep, reindeer and red deer rumen

10.1101/2020.02.12.945139 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Glendinning ◽

Buğra Genç ◽

R John Wallace ◽

Mick Watson

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Ovis Aries ◽

Metagenomic Analysis ◽

Link Type ◽

Ruminant Species ◽

European Nucleotide Archive ◽

Core Set

AbstractThe rumen microbiota comprises a community of microorganisms which specialise in the degradation of complex carbohydrates from plant-based feed. These microbes play a highly important role in ruminant nutrition and could also act as sources of industrially useful enzymes. In this study, we performed a metagenomic analysis of samples taken from the ruminal contents of cattle (Bos Taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). We constructed 391 metagenome-assembled genomes originating from 16 microbial phyla. We compared our genomes to other publically available microbial genomes and found that they contained 279 novel species. We also found significant differences between the microbiota of different ruminant species in terms of the abundance of microbial taxonomies, carbohydrate-active enzyme genes and KEGG orthologs. However, we found that the vast majority of carbohydrate-active enzymes were present in all of our sample types, which may indicate that there is a core set of these enzymes which are present across ruminants and are independent of diet and environmental conditions. We present a dataset of rumen-derived genomes which in combination with other publicly-available rumen genomes can be used as a reference dataset in future metagenomic studies.Data SummaryThe paired-read fastq files supporting the conclusions of this article are available in the European Nucleotide Archive repository (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB34458). The RUG fasta files supporting the conclusions of this article are available in the Edinburgh DataShare repository (https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/2640).

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Studies on the Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Alphaherpesviruses from Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus) and Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus)

The Management and Health of Farmed Deer ◽

10.1007/978-94-009-1325-7_16 ◽

1988 ◽

pp. 143-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

P. F. Nettleton ◽

C. Ek-Kommonen ◽

R. Tanskanen ◽

H. W. Reid ◽

J. A. Sinclair ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Red Deer

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Reconstructing ecological niches and geographic distributions of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) during the Last Glacial Maximum

Quaternary Science Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.013 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 27 (27-28) ◽

pp. 2568-2575 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

W BANKS ◽

F DERRICO ◽

A PETERSON ◽

M KAGEYAMA ◽

G COLOMBEAU

Keyword(s):

Last Glacial Maximum ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Glacial Maximum ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

Last Glacial ◽

Geographic Distributions ◽

The Last Glacial Maximum ◽

The Last Glacial

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A Non-Destructive Method for Distinguishing Reindeer Antler (Rangifer tarandus) from Red Deer Antler (Cervus elaphus) Using X-Ray Micro-Tomography Coupled with SVM Classifiers

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0149658 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e0149658 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandre Lefebvre ◽

Gael Y. Rochefort ◽

Frédéric Santos ◽

Dominique Le Denmat ◽

Benjamin Salmon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Deer Antler ◽

X Ray ◽

Micro Tomography ◽

Non Destructive

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Archeozoological Characteristics of the Shchapova 2 Paleolithic Site in Irkutsk

Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University Geoarchaeology Ethnology and Anthropology Series ◽

10.26516/2227-2380.2020.33.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 3-22

Author(s):

D. G. Malikov ◽

◽

V. V. Sizova ◽

N. E. Berdnikova ◽

I. M. Berdnikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Upper Paleolithic ◽

Large Mammals ◽

Paleolithic Site ◽

Layer 4 ◽

Steppe Bison ◽

Short Time ◽

Bone Remains

The paper presents the detailed results of the archaeozoological study of the large mammals from the Shchapova 2 Upper Paleolithic site located in Irkutsk. Excavations in 2019 revealed four conditionally defined horizons with archaeological and faunal material; within the studied area subaerial sediments of deluvial origin were uncovered. Layers 3 and 4 were attributed to the Karginian period (MIS 3), layer 2 to the Early Sartanian period (MIS 2), layer 1 to the Holocene (MIS 1). The largest number of bone remains was obtained from layer 4. Altogether we recognized ten taxa: Spermophilus sp., Panthera spelaea, Mammuthus primigenius, Equus sp., Coelodonta antiquitatis, Cervus elaphus, Megaloceros giganteus, Alces alces, Rangifer tarandus, Bison priscus. The species composition of Shchapova 2 site is characteristic of the Late Pleistocene of region with a predominance of horse and steppe bison, diversity of cervids and presence of woolly mammoth and rhinoceros. Most of the bones have only slightly weathered surfaces. It indicates that the bulk of the bone remains were only exposed for a short time on the surface or in the soil prior to deeper burial. The analysis of the faunal material suggests that the accumulation of bones from layers 3 and 4 took place in the hunter camp. The subsistence strategy was based primarily on two game animals: horse and steppe bison. Horses and steppe bison were killed in the immediate vicinity of the site. Sometimes red deer and moose were hunted from remote areas. Large parts of horse and steppe bison carcasses were transported from a kill and initial butchering site to a residential and consumption site. Most likely the complete and unprocessed reindeer carcasses were brought to the camp. Reindeer skull fragments found in the layer 4 indicate that the Shchapova 2 site most likely was seasonally occupied during late autumn or winter. However, due to the small amount of bones these data are preliminary. The fauna from the Upper Paleolithic site Shchapova 2 is indicative of tundra-steppe. The presence of red deer and moose remains suggests the forest in the vicinity of the site, probably represented by floodplain forests.

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