scholarly journals Opportunities and challenges from the use of genomic selection for beef cattle breeding in Latin America

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo H. Montaldo ◽  
Eduardo Casas ◽  
José Bento Sterman Ferraz ◽  
Vicente E. Vega-Murillo ◽  
Sergio Iván Román-Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Beef cattle breeding in Australia with genomics: opportunities and needs

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Johnston ◽  
B. Tier ◽  
H.-U. Graser
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Genomic Predictions

Opportunities exist in beef cattle breeding to significantly increase the rates of genetic gain by increasing the accuracy of selection at earlier ages. Currently, selection of young beef bulls incorporates several economically important traits but estimated breeding values for these traits have a large range in accuracies. While there is potential to increase accuracy through increased levels of performance recording, several traits cannot be recorded on the young bull. Increasing the accuracy of these traits is where genomic selection can offer substantial improvements in current rates of genetic gain for beef. The immediate challenge for beef is to increase the genetic variation explained by the genomic predictions for those traits of high economic value that have low accuracies at the time of selection. Currently, the accuracies of genomic predictions are low in beef, compared with those in dairy cattle. This is likely to be due to the relatively low number of animals with genotypes and phenotypes that have been used in developing genomic prediction equations. Improving the accuracy of genomic predictions will require the collection of genotypes and phenotypes on many more animals, with even greater numbers needed for lowly heritable traits, such as female reproduction and other fitness traits. Further challenges exist in beef to have genomic predictions for the large number of important breeds and also for multi-breed populations. Results suggest that single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips that are denser than 50 000 SNPs in the current use will be required to achieve this goal. For genomic selection to contribute to genetic progress, the information needs to be correctly combined with traditional pedigree and performance data. Several methods have emerged for combining the two sources of data into current genetic evaluation systems; however, challenges exist for the beef industry to implement these effectively. Changes will also be needed to the structure of the breeding sector to allow optimal use of genomic information for the benefit of the industry. Genomic information will need to be cost effective and a major driver of this will be increasing the accuracy of the predictions, which requires the collection of much more phenotypic data than are currently available.

scholarly journals 189 Choices ahead for dairy cattle breeding programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Michael M Lohuis
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Dairy cattle breeding programs have been transformed from conventional progeny-testing schemes to genomic selection paired with nucleus herd breeding in the span of one decade. This was spurred by the simultaneous advances in low-cost SNP genotyping, genomic selection methodology and reproductive biotechnologies. The rates of genetic progress have approximately doubled in this time but so have increases in inbreeding levels. This was driven by intense competition between AI studs and farmer adherence to common selection indices which has concentrated selection on very elite segments of juvenile age groups. This has led to speculation on the need for alternative indices and selection for novel traits in order to differentiate breeding programs and customize selection for unique farm conditions. This will be made more possible by the advent of on-farm sensor technology and artificial intelligence algorithms. Large commercial dairies are increasingly experimenting with crossbreeding with varying levels of success and this will require a new approach by breeding programs to focus both on purebred and crossbred performance. In addition, the potential exists for use of gene-editing to further enable value-added traits to be added into breeding programs. In parallel with breeding program advancements, consumer trends are also changing to include more interest in specialty dairy products with implied differences in digestibility, health or environmental impacts. Identifying technologies and traits that will add value either on the farm as well as at the consumer level will be a challenge for today’s breeders and producers. Some new technologies, such as gene editing, can pose consumer acceptance challenges if they are perceived to be used carelessly or for the wrong reasons. Careful choices will need to be made to continue to improve profitability, functionality and health of dairy cattle while also meeting higher consumer standards for animal welfare, health and the environment.

Accuracy of genomic selection for age at puberty in a multi-breed population of tropically adapted beef cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Farah ◽  
A. A. Swan ◽  
M. R. S. Fortes ◽  
R. Fonseca ◽  
S. S. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Age At Puberty

Multistage selection for maximum economic return with an application to beef cattle breeding

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhong Xu ◽  
Truman G. Martin ◽  
William M. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Multistage Selection

The theoretical background for the effective development of beef raising

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1738-1749
Author(s):  
N.L. Titov ◽  
M.M. Nizamutdinov ◽  
G.S. Klychova
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Cattle Husbandry

Subject. This article explores the theoretical basis of the economic efficiency of production and classifies the performance figures of beef cattle husbandry. Objectives. The article aims to define a system of indicators of beef cattle husbandry economic efficiency. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis. Conclusions and Relevance. To assess the economic efficiency of agriculture production, it is necessary to use a set of indicators by beef cattle breeding sub-sector. The system of economic performance indicators of production needs to be transformed into a summarizing indicator. The results of the study can be applied in the theory and practice of determining the economic efficiency of the beef cattle industry.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FAMILY FOR GENEALOGICAL STRUCTURE OF VOLYN BEEF OF CATTLE

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 82-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ye. Pochukalin
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
The Family ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Economic Use

One of the ways of increasing level of animal economically useful traits is selection work with farm families. In pedigree cattle breeding of Ukraine families are a statistical component of breed genealogy. Among the main scientific works on working with families, it should be noted minimum number of female ancestors, proposed by D. T. Vinnichuk, to determine the breeding value, different categories, classification and techniques for evaluating related groups of females. The aim of our research was to analyse importance of farm families for genealogical structure of the breed. The research was on basis of data of primary breeding records at the herd of Volyn Beef cattle of “Zorya” breeding farm, Kovel district, Volyn region. Akula 102, Galka 37 and Galka 1537 families belonging to Krasavchyk 3004 bloodline, Smorodyna 613, Korona 2382 and Visla 1016 families – Tsebryk 3888 bloodline, Kalyna 212, Verba 1536 and Garna 536 families – Yamb 3066 bloodlines, Kazka 433, Galka 421 and Bystra 1124 families – Buinyi 3042 bloodline, Rozetka 1313, Arfa 599 and Bulana 943 families – Sonnyi-Kaktus 3307-9828 bloodline, and Palma 275, Desna 870 and Veselka 444 families – Mudryi 9100 bloodline were characterized. Belonging to a bloodline was determined by the father's side of female ancestors. Structural units of families: branches, branching with identifying the best individuals on breeding traits were submitted to identify the best combinations and successful use of closely related breeding. Comparing assessment of related groups of females on the main breeding traits belonging to Krasavchyk 3004 bloodline, it was noted that the cows of Akula 102 family predominated in live weight at 5 years’ age, milk ability and economic use duration, whereas the cows of Galka 1537 family – on traits of reproductive ability. Smorodyna 613 family of Tsebryk 3888 bloodline had high duration of economic use and cows’ live weight at 5 years’ age compared with Korana 2382 and Visla 1016 families with equal values of the exterior traits (height measures) and coefficient of reproductive ability. The families of Mudryi 9100 bloodline in terms of reproduction (calving interval, coefficient of reproductive ability) had the highest figures of cows’ milk ability and live weight. The cows of Bulana 943 family had a considerable predominance over representatives of Rozetka 1313 and Arfa 599 families of Sonnyi-Kaktus 3307-9828 bloodline by main economically useful traits. High indices of reproductive ability were noted in these families. Heifers of the families of Buinyi 3042 bloodline had high live weight at 18 months’ age at average values of milk ability and cows’ live weight at 5 years’ age. More equal figures of growth rate, exterior and economic use duration were observed in the cows of Kalyna 212, Verba 1536 and Garna 536 families of Yamb 3066 bloodline. Breeding by families in beef cattle breeding is an important element of selection, because it allows to evaluate not only related group of female ancestor, but also to analyse a successful combination with lines and purposeful use of closely related breeding by the best representatives of a breed.

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