scholarly journals Colour vision standards: Past, present, and future

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
A Agarwal ◽  
S Dinakar ◽  
NK Tripathy ◽  
V Sharma ◽  
S Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colour Vision ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Suitable Test ◽  
Colour Coding ◽  
The Way

Historically, signal lights (red-green-amber) were used in shipping, rail, and road transportation. This colour schema continued in the aviation industry too. However, automation has taken over aviation sector with electronic maps and colour-coded multifunction displays. Despite sweeping changes seen in the use of colour coding in aviation, there is little change in colour vision standards and in the way colour vision testing is done for the aircrew, military and civil. The changing needs of aviation dictate that renewing the standards is necessary. Furthermore, the new standards will dictate aircraft design, and hence, it is mandatory that they remain current for the next 50 years or so. It becomes necessary to understand the role colour vision plays in the modern cockpit and suggest the colour vision standards accordingly. In the same breath, it is important to understand the evolution of colour vision testing and colour theories, so as to develop or adopt a more suitable test for the changing aviation scenario.

scholarly journals Flight Path 2050 and ACARE Goals for Maintaining and Extending Industrial Leadership in Aviation: A Map of the Aviation Technology Space.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Arnaldo Valdés ◽  
Serhat Burmaoglu ◽  
Vincenzo Tucci ◽  
Luiz Manuel Braga da Costa Campos ◽  
Lucia Mattera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Industrial Leadership ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Aeronautical Industry ◽  
Aviation Technology ◽  
And Performance

In the last 40 years, the aeronautical industry has managed to move from a specialized sector to a worldwide leading industry. Companies, governments and associations all over the world acknowledge the importance of the aviation industry in supporting global development and the economy. However, aviation will be facing new challenges related to sustainability and performance in a technological environment in evolution. To succeed, the aeronautical industry must keep innovation as one of its main assets. It must master a wide range of technologies and then collaborate to integrate them into an aircraft design and development program. A collaborative approach to innovation is key to achieve these goals. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the structure of technological innovation networks in the aviation industry and to characterize the map of the “Aviation Technology Space”. Two different approaches and methods are used. In one approach, we performed a bibliometric network analysis of aviation research scientific publications using a keyword co-occurrence analysis method to map the aerospace collaboration structures. Complementarily, we performed a patent analysis to evaluate the innovation capacity of the aviation industry in the cutting-edge technologies previously identified. From the results of this analysis, the paper provides recommendations for future innovation and research policies to allow the sector to fulfill the demanding goals by the year 2050.

Human factors engineering in aircraft maintenance: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shanmugam ◽  
T. Paul Robert
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aviation Maintenance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review on human factors in aircraft maintenance and to analyze and synthesize the findings in the literature on human factors engineering in aircraft maintenance. Design/methodology/approach – The review adopts a threefold approach: searching and collecting the scientific literature; sorting them on the basis of relevance and applications; and review of the scientific evidences. Broad areas of aircraft maintenance regulations are identified and each area was explored to study the level of scientific growth and publications. Notable theories, models and concepts are being summarized. Findings – Application of human factor principles in aviation spread beyond the technical arena of man-machine interface. The discipline has created a great impact on aircraft design, operations and maintenance. Its applications have percolated into design of aircraft maintenance facilities, task cards and equipment. Human factor concepts are being used for maintenance resource management. The principles are applied to shape the safety behavior and culture in aviation maintenance workplace. Nevertheless, the review unfolds immense potential for future research. Research limitations/implications – Research outcomes of non-aviation studies are also reviewed and consolidated to extend the applications to the aviation industry. Practical implications – This review would be a consolidated source of information confining to the physical aspect of human factors engineering in aircraft maintenance. It is intended to serve as a quick reference guide to the researchers and maintenance practitioners. Social implications – It brought out the benefits of adopting the principles of human factor engineering in aircraft maintenance. Application of human factor philosophy ensures enhanced safety in air transport, personal safety and well-being of maintenance personnel. Originality/value – This is a unique review based on aircraft maintenance regulations that are baseline performance standards made mandatory by regulatory authorities. Therefore, the review has been considered to be made on aircraft maintenance regulatory requirements that surpass corporate or competitive strategies in aviation maintenance organization.

scholarly journals Why Do Colours Look the Way They Do?

Philosophy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Colour Vision ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Body Problem ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Vision Science ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
Mind Body Problem ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

AbstractA major part of the mind–body problem is to explain why a given set of physical processes should give rise to perceptual qualities of one sort rather than another. Colour hues are the usual example considered here, and there is a lively debate as to whether the results of colour vision science can provide convincing explanations of why colours actually look the way they do. The internal phenomenological structure of colours is considered here in some detail, and a comparison is drawn with sounds and their synthesis. This paper examines the type of explanation that is needed, and it is concluded that it does not have to be reductive to be effective. What needs to be explained more than anything is why inverted hue scenarios are more intuitive than other sensory inversions: and the issue of physicalism versus dualism is argued to be of only marginal relevance.

The Optimization of Chain of Talents on the Development of Large Aircraft

2012 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 613-617
Author(s):  
An Wei Sun ◽  
Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
High Tech Industry ◽  
Long Period ◽  
High Investment ◽  
Technology And Economy ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Large Aircraft

The aviation industry is a typically high-tech industry, which rallies a large number of high-tech achievements of mankind. Its distinct features are the high investment, long period and strong pulling function to industry. The development of large aircraft has currently become an important economic development project to promote the successful combination of technology and economy. The resources of talents are an important guarantee for this industry. First, this article studies the meaning of the talents and the chain of talents, on this basis, analyzes the chain of talents by means of SWOT, further explores optimization strategies of the chain of talents in order to serve for the large aircraft design talent strategies of our country.

scholarly journals УКЛАДАННЯ ТРЬОХМОВНОГО СЛОВНИКА-ДОВІДНИКА НА ОСНОВІ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ТЕКСТІВ У ГАЛУЗІ АВІАБУДУВАННЯ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ-ІНОЗЕМЦІВ

2018 ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
В. О. Рибак ◽  
М. Л. Ільченко
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Information Science ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Frame Theory ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Professional Literature

The paper deals with specific aspects of compiling modern terminological glossaries on aircraft design.According to the task, the authors have considered modern lexicography trends, studied the classification and general structure of modern glossaries, in particular terminological ones, and specific aspects of compiling technical glossaries. As a result, a modern trilingval terminological glossary on aircraft design has been compiled. The glossary contains Ukrainian terms and definitions, their English equivalents and illustrations where it is appropriate.Rapidly developing modern computer lexicography provides linguists with a series of methods and software tools for processing text information, which will be the basis for the compilation. It is owing to the computer technology that lexicographers have an opportunity to create electronic dictionaries and reference books of various types, including terminology, intended for relevant sectors of science and technology.The terminological glossary compiled by the authors according to the task set consists of 700 lexical units on airplanes and belongs to definition-and-translation glossaries of technical terms.In order to create a comprehensive term glossary on aircraft design the authors relied on the methods of conceptual and component analyses. In information science a conceptualization is an abstract simplified view of some selected part of the world, containing objects, concepts, and other entities that are presumed of interest for some particular purpose and the relationships between them. As a higher level of abstraction, a conceptualization facilitates the discussion and comparison of its various ontologies, facilitating knowledge sharing and reuse. Each ontology based upon the same overarching conceptualization maps the conceptualization into specific elements and their relationships.The authors have investigated into the notion of concept as a minimum unit of knowledge representation. Thus, aircraft design becomes a central concept of the glossary. Other concepts-terms are included to the extent they are filiated to the central concept. To determine the adequacy of links between various concepts the authors have used frame theory rules. They insist that frame theory provides conceptual and procedural guidance for enhancing the cognitive and language development capability which in its turn is essential for compiling terminological glossaries.The presented glossary is a comprehensive assembly of all relevant aspects and trends of aircraft design.The glossary is a user’s dictionary integrated into ABBYY Lingvo x5 software that delivers a combination of trusted content, easy word look-up and flexible software. The users can look up word translations and usage examples, get conjugations for verbs, listen to pronunciation and create flash cards to memorize new words.Besides, included into the ABBYY Lingvo Dictionary is the Tutor application that is of help when a person needs to learn and memorize new words on some topic.The structure and content of the developed glossary are also determined by its communicative purpose. Thus, the Terminological Glossary on Aircraft Design is intended for aviation industry experts, foreign students (who attend lectures on aircraft design), translators of technical literature, teachers of English, readers of texts on aviation in English, and also for native English speakers who learn Ukrainian and/or Russian language and are interested in the aviation industry. The glossary also aims to help the users to work with professional literature in the field of aerodynamics of aircraft, as well as linguists-translators who work with technical texts on this topic.

Thinking about Aircraft Engines

1958 ◽  
Vol 62 (569) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Lombard
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Way

We all recognise that the aircraft turbine engine has permitted a revolution in aircraft design and performance, opening up avenues of progress which were not practicable with other forms of propulsion. The question that is asked is, what further progress is possible with aircraft turbine engines and what are the major problems which are likely to be encountered on the way?

Why bother about opponency? Our theoretical ideas on elementary colour coding have changed our language of experience

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
Rainer J. Mausfeld
Keyword(s):  
Unique Hues ◽  
Colour Coding ◽  
The Way

There is no natural and pretheoretical classification of colour appearances into hue, saturation, brightness, unique hues, and so on. Rather, our theoretical insights into the coding of colour have reciprocally shaped the way we talk about colour appearances. Opponency is only one of many fundamental aspects of colour coding, and we are hardly justified in ascribing some theoretical prominance to it.

Evaluation and prioritization of technical and operational airworthiness factors for flight safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049-1061
Author(s):  
Mehmet Burak Şenol
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Safety Programs ◽  
Aviation Operations ◽  
The Military

Purpose In this study, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach for evaluating airworthiness factors were presented. The purpose of this study is to develop an acceptable rationale for operational activities in civil and military aviation and for design, production and maintenance activities in the aviation industry that can be used in-flight safety programs and evaluations. Design/methodology/approach In aviation, while the initial and continuing airworthiness of aircraft is related to technical airworthiness, identifying and minimizing risks for avoiding losses and damages are related to operational airworthiness. Thus, the airworthiness factors in civil and military aviation were evaluated under these two categories as the technical and operational airworthiness factors by the analytic hierarchy process and analytic network process. Three technical and five operational airworthiness criteria for civil aviation, three technical and nine operational airworthiness criteria for military aviation were defined, evaluated, prioritized and compared in terms of flight safety. Findings The most important technical factor is the “airworthiness status of the aircraft” both in civil (81.9%) and military (77.6%) aviation, which means that aircraft should initially be designed for safety. The most significant operational factors are the “air traffic control system” in civil (30.9%) and “threat” in the military (26.6%) aviation. The differences within factor weights may stem from the design requirements and acceptable safety levels (frequency of occurrences 1 in 107 in military and 1 in 109 in civil aircraft design) of civil and military aircraft with the mission achievement requirements in civil and military aviation operations. The damage acceptance criteria for civil and military aircraft are different. The operation risks are accepted in the military and acceptance of specific tasks and the risk levels can vary with aircraft purpose and type. Practical implications This study provides an acceptable rationale for safety programs and evaluations in aviation activities. The results of this study can be used in real-world airworthiness applications and safety management by the aviation industry and furthermore, critical factor weights should be considered both in civil and military aviation operations and flights. The safety levels of airlines with respect to our airworthiness factor weights or the safety level of military operations can be computed. Originality/value This is the first study considering technical and operational airworthiness factors as an MCDM problem. Originality and value of this paper are defining critical airworthiness factors for civil and military aviation, ranking these factors, revealing the most important ones and using MCDM methods for the evaluations of airworthiness factors for the first time. In civil aviation flight safety is the basic tenet of airworthiness activities in risk analysis, on the other hand in military aviation high levels of risks are to be avoided in peace training or operational tasks. However, even high risks have to be accepted during the war, if the operational requirements impose, as mission achievement is vital. The paper is one of a kind on airworthiness evaluations for flight safety.

Operational Research and Aviation Management

1965 ◽  
Vol 69 (656) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. P. Jackson ◽  
P. A. Loncton
Keyword(s):  
Operational Research ◽  
Crew Scheduling ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Chief Engineer ◽  
The Public ◽  
Aviation Management ◽  
British Commonwealth ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
The Way

It is a sign of the present needs of the aviation industry that the Twentieth British Commonwealth Lecture, delivered by Mr. J. T. Dyment, Chief Engineer of Air Canada, was devoted to “Tools of Airline Management”.In his lecture, Mr. Dyment pointed out that competition is too keen to permit Management to continue with methods satisfactory five or ten years ago and he reviewed some typical modern tools of Management. He mentioned a wide variety of tools both for the day-by-day control of airline activities, such as crew scheduling and for such strategic problems as the nurturing of the company image presented to the public. He paid especial attention to the way in which operational research in Air Canada has been able to assist Management in raising the efficiency of the airline.

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