Low Temperature Carbon Dioxide Injection in High Temperature Oil Reservoirs

Author(s):  
Zakaria Hamdi ◽  
Mariyamni Bt. Awang ◽  
Babak Moradi
Author(s):  
R. R. Baker

AbstractFlue-cured Virginia tobacco has been heated in nitrogen and nitrogen/oxygen mixtures under flow conditions, and the rate of formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide has been determined as a function of temperature, heating rate, and proportion of oxygen in the gas. When the tobacco is heated in nitrogen at heating rates comparable to those in a smouldering cigarette, 27 % of the carbon content of the tobacco is converted to carbon oxides. Both carbon oxides show two distinct formation regions: a low-temperature region (about 100°-450°C), and a high-temperature region (about 550°-900°C). These temperature limits are almost identical to those predicted from studies on the combustion coal of a cigarette burning in air. When tobacco, or the carbonaceous residue remaining after the pyrolysis experiments, is heated in nitrogen / oxygen mixtures, the total amount of carbon converted to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is independent of heating rate, but the relative proportions of the two oxides are strongly dependent on heating rate. At the lower heating rate, proportionally less carbon monoxide, and more carbon dioxide, is produced. Under oxidation conditions, about 70 % of both carbon oxides formed in the low-temperature region (100°-450°C) are produced by tobacco decomposition reactions, whereas in the high-temperature region about 10-20 % of the carbon monoxide, and 2-9 % of the carbon dioxide, are produced by tobacco decomposition.


1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (11) ◽  
pp. 525-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Mead

The experiments described in this article show that the greatest seedling injury occurs under conditions that are unfavourable to the host, i.e., high temperature and excessive moisture or low temperature and scant moisture; that the greatest recovery takes place at 15 to 18 °C. in moist soil. They further show that packing and fertilization of the soil increase the amount of infection, though fertilization may increase the dry weight of the seedlings; that the microflora of the soil has little influence upon the seed-borne parasite; that reduction of the oxygen content of a nutrient solution and of soil from 21% to 10% depresses the growth of the seedlings and the amount of infection; that the addition of 1% of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere of soil increases the amount of seedling infection. From these results the conclusion is drawn that barley that is infected with H. sativum should be sown in cool, moist, well aerated soil.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Popov ◽  
Artem Myasnkov ◽  
Alexey Cheremisin ◽  
Ruslan Miftakov ◽  
Vladimir Stukachev ◽  
...  

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