scholarly journals Do Maternal Interactive Behaviors Correlate With Developmental Outcomes and Mastery Motivation in Toddlers With and Without Motor Delay?

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1744-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Jung Wang ◽  
George A. Morgan ◽  
Ai-Wen Hwang ◽  
Li-Chiou Chen ◽  
Hua-Fang Liao
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Child Assessment ◽  
Mastery Motivation ◽  
Motor Delay ◽  
Maternal Behaviors ◽  
Task Motivation ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Interactive Behaviors ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundMaternal interactive behaviors theoretically affect developmental outcomes and mastery motivation in young children. However, these associations are inconsistent in the literature.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the differences in maternal behaviors between toddlers with motor delay (MD) and those with typical development (TD), (2) to investigate the correlation of maternal behaviors and developmental quotients (DQs) in toddlers with MD and TD, and (3) to examine the correlation of maternal behaviors and mastery motivation in toddlers with MD and TD.DesignThis was a sex- and mental age–matched case-control study.MethodsTwenty-two mother-child dyads of toddlers with MD (ages 23–47 months) and 22 dyads of sex- and mental age–matched toddlers with TD (ages 15–29 months) were recruited. Maternal scores from the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale, 2 indicators of motivation (persistence and mastery pleasure) from individualized mastery tasks and the Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire, and DQs from the Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Children were assessed.ResultsMothers of children in the MD group showed significantly lower cognitive growth fostering scores than mothers of children in the TD group. Maternal total scores were significantly correlated with whole DQs in both groups. In the MD group, maternal total scores correlated significantly with DMQ mastery pleasure but not with mastery task motivation.LimitationsThe study design makes it impossible to know the causal relationships between maternal behaviors and children’s DQs and motivation.ConclusionsMothers of toddlers with MD exhibited less adequate interactive behaviors than mothers of toddlers with TD. Because higher-quality maternal behaviors correlated with higher DQs in the MD group, clinicians should encourage parents to participate in early intervention programs and model high-quality parenting behavior to enhance parents’ and children’s outcomes.

scholarly journals Individualized Behavioral Assessments and Maternal Ratings of Mastery Motivation in Mental Age–Matched Toddlers With and Without Motor Delay

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Jung Wang ◽  
George A. Morgan ◽  
Ai-Wen Hwang ◽  
Hua-Fang Liao
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Mastery Motivation ◽  
Motor Delay ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Behavioral Assessments ◽  
Matched Case

BackgroundMastery motivation is a precursor of future developmental outcomes. Evidence about whether toddlers with motor delay have lower mastery motivation is inconclusive.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine differences between mental age–matched toddlers with and without motor delay on various mastery motivation indicators.DesignA mental age– and sex-matched case-control study was performed.MethodsTwenty-two children with motor delay, aged 23 to 47 months, and 22 children who were developing typically, aged 15 to 29 months, were recruited. Persistence and mastery pleasure were measured with behavioral tasks that were moderately challenging for each child and with maternal ratings using the Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire (DMQ). The DMQ was rated by each child's mother based on her perception of her child's motivation. Two types of structured tasks (a puzzle and a cause-effect toy selected to be moderately challenging for each child) were administered in a laboratory setting and recorded on videos. Paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to examine group differences in persistence and mastery pleasure (α=.007, 2-tailed).ResultsChildren with motor delay were rated lower on DMQ persistence than the typically developing group, but they did not show significantly lower persistence on the structured tasks. There were no significant differences in mastery pleasure between the 2 groups on either measure.LimitationsLarge within-sample variability on the tasks and small sample size makes subgroup analysis (eg, different severities) difficult.ConclusionsToddlers with motor delay did not show lower persistence and pleasure when given tasks that were moderately challenging; however, their mothers tended to view them as having lower motivation. Clinicians and parents should provide appropriately challenging tasks to increase children's success and motivation.

Dietary and serum vitamin D and preeclampsia risk in Chinese pregnant women: a matched case–control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Xue-min Huang ◽  
Yan-hua Liu ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Yuan Cao ◽  
Wei-feng Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract The effect of vitamin D (VD) on the risk of preeclampsia (PE) is uncertain. Few of previous studies focused on the relationship between dietary VD intake and PE risk. Therefore, we conducted this 1:1 matched case-control study to explore the association of dietary VD intake and serum VD concentrations with PE risk in Chinese pregnant women. A total of 440 pairs of participants were recruited during March 2016 to June 2019. Dietary information was obtained using a 78-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were plotted to evaluate the dose-response relationship of dietary VD intake and serum VD concentrations with PE risk. Compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs of the highest quartile were 0.45 (95%CI: 0.29-0.71, Ptrend = 0.001) for VD dietary intake and 0.26 (95%CI: 0.11-0.60, Ptrend = 0.003) for serum levels after adjusting for confounders. In addition, the RCS analysis suggested a reverse J-shaped relationship between dietary VD intake and PE risk (P-nonlinearity = 0.02). A similar association was also found between serum concentrations of total 25(OH)D and PE risk (P-nonlinearity = 0.02). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that higher dietary intake and serum levels of VD are associated with the lower risk of PE in Chinese pregnant women.

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