scholarly journals Priming the Brain to Capitalize on Metaplasticity in Stroke Rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Cassidy ◽  
Bernadette T. Gillick ◽  
James R. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Stroke Outcomes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is emerging as a potentially valuable intervention to augment the effects of behavioral therapy for stroke. When used in conjunction with other therapies, rTMS embraces the concept of metaplasticity. Due to homeostatic mechanisms inherent to metaplasticity, interventions known to be in isolation to enhance excitability can interact when applied successively under certain timing conditions and produce enhanced or opposite effects. Similar to “muscular wisdom,” with its self-protective mechanisms, there also appears to be “synaptic wisdom” in neural networks with homeostatic processes that prevent over- and under-excitability. These processes have implications for both enhancing and suppressing the excitability effects from behavioral therapy. The purpose of this article is to relate the concept of metaplasticity, as derived from studies in humans who are healthy, to stroke rehabilitation and consider how it can be leveraged to maximize stroke outcomes.

scholarly journals Administration of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Attenuates Aβ1-42-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice by Activating β-Catenin Signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyun Chen ◽  
Shu Chen ◽  
Weidi Liang ◽  
Fang Ba
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Histological Staining ◽  
Neuron Apoptosis

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive and painless technique that has been applied for the treatments of diverse neurodegenerative disorders. In the current study, its anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) effect was assessed and the mechanism driving the effect was explored. The AD symptoms were induced via the intracranial injection of Aβ1-42 in mice and then treated with rTMS of 1 Hz or 10 Hz. The anti-AD effect of rTMS was assessed by Morris water maze (MWM), histological staining and western blotting. The results showed that rTMS administrations of both frequencies improved the cognitive function and suppressed neuron apoptosis in AD mice. Moreover, the treatment also increased the brain BDNF, NGF, and doublecortin levels, which represented the increased viability of neurons by rTMS. The injection of Aβ1-42 also increased the expressions of p-GSK-3β, p-Tau, and p-β-catenin and suppressed the level of total β-catenin. After the treatments of rTMS, the level of β-catenin was restored, indicating the activation of β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, the findings outlined in the current study demonstrated that the anti-AD effect of rTMS was associated with the activation of β-catenin, which would promote the survival of neurons.

How Does Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Influence the Brain in Depressive Disorders?

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Taïb ◽  
Christophe Arbus ◽  
Anne Sauvaget ◽  
Marie Sporer ◽  
Laurent Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive Impairment and the Brain Lipidome in a Cuprizone-Induced Mouse Model of Demyelination

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuihong Zhou ◽  
Min Cai ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Wenjun Wu ◽  
Yuezhen Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Brain Lipids ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
The Brain

The protective effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on myelin integrity have been extensively studied, and growing evidence suggests that rTMS is beneficial in improving cognitive functions and promoting myelin repair. However, the association between cognitive improvement due to rTMS and changes in brain lipids remains elusive. In this study, we used the Y-maze and 3-chamber tests, as well as a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach in a CPZ-induced demyelination model in mice to assess the protective effects of rTMS on cuprizone (CPZ)-induced cognitive impairment and evaluate changes in lipid composition in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and striatum. We found that CPZ induced cognitive impairment and remarkable changes in brain lipids, specifically in glycerophospholipids. Moreover, the changes in lipids within the prefrontal cortex were more extensive, compared to those observed in the hippocampus and striatum. Notably, rTMS ameliorated CPZ-induced cognitive impairment and partially normalized CPZ-induced lipid changes. Taken together, our data suggest that rTMS may reverse cognitive behavioral changes caused by CPZ-induced demyelination by modulating the brain lipidome, providing new insights into the therapeutic mechanism of rTMS.

scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation With and Without Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Resistant Depression: Protocol for Patient-Centered Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabab M Abou El-Magd ◽  
Gloria Obuobi-Donkor ◽  
Medard K Adu ◽  
Christopher Lachowski ◽  
Surekha Duddumpudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Resistant Depression

BACKGROUND Major depression is a severe, disabling, and potentially lethal clinical disorder. Only about half of patients respond to an initial course of antidepressant pharmacotherapy. At least 15% of all patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) remain refractory to any treatment intervention. By the time that a patient has experienced 3 definitive treatment failures, the likelihood of achieving remission with the fourth treatment option offered is below 10%. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is considered a treatment option for patients with MDD who are refractory to antidepressant treatment. It is not currently known if the addition of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) enhances patients’ responses to rTMS treatments. OBJECTIVE This study will evaluate the initial comparative clinical effectiveness of rTMS with and without iCBT as an innovative patient-centered intervention for the treatment of participants diagnosed with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). METHODS This study is a prospective, two-arm randomized controlled trial. In total, 100 participants diagnosed with resistant depression at a psychiatric care clinic in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, will be randomized to one of two conditions: (1) enrolment in rTMS sessions alone and (2) enrolment in the rTMS sessions plus iCBT. Participants in each group will complete evaluation measures (eg, recovery, general symptomatology, and functional outcomes) at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome measure will be the mean change to scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patient service utilization data and clinician-rated measures will also be used to gauge patient progress. Patient data will be analyzed with descriptive statistics, repeated measures, and correlational analyses. RESULTS We expect the results of the study to be available in 24 months. We hypothesize that participants enrolled in the study who receive rTMS plus iCBT will achieve superior outcomes in comparison to participants who receive rTMS alone. CONCLUSIONS The concomitant application of psychotherapy with rTMS has not been investigated previously. We hope that this project will provide us with a concrete base of data to evaluate the practical application and efficacy of using a novel combination of these two treatment modalities (rTMS plus iCBT). CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0423965; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04239651 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/18843

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