scholarly journals Schizophrenia and Its Genetic Basis: A Review Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Maleki ◽  
Mohammad Ali Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Effective Index ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Review Study

Background: Schizophrenia is a devastating mental illness that interferes with the patient’s social and occupational functioning and impairs the patient’s life. Methods: The research method is a Review Study based on library, documentary and field studies. Results: Studies indicate the bio-genetic basis in the etiology of schizophrenia disorder; however, the mystery of the formation of this disease is still somewhat unknown. Parents’ age is considered as an effective index on incidence of children to psychotic disorders. Studies show that parents’ higher age is associated with having children with schizophrenia and mostly parents, who have children with schizophrenia under the legal age, do not live with their child. Conclusion: This study was a review study, the results of which can be useful in planning preventive interventions.

Clinical and psychosocial profile of persons with mental illness living in non-hospital residential facilities in a district in Kerala, India: A cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110596
Author(s):  
Girija Sathiaseelan Ramkumar ◽  
Jaimon Plathottathil Michael ◽  
Anvar Sadath
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Supported Housing ◽  
Residential Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People

Background: Clinical and psychosocial profiles of persons living with mental illness (PMI) in non-hospital settings in India have not been adequately studied. Aim: This study describes the profile of PMI living in non-hospital settings by focussing on variables like functioning and social networks. Method: Residents of all available residential facilities in one district area were surveyed and descriptive data was obtained. Socio occupational functioning was assessed using the Social and Occupational Functioning Scale (SOFS) and social network was measured by modified Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6). Results: A total of nine centres housing 491 residents (7–128) were surveyed via field visits. The mean age of the residents was 49 ± 14.0 years. Fifty per cent of them were never married, 22% were separated or widowed. Almost half of the people had psychotic disorders, while diagnosis could not be delineated in a quarter of the population. Almost half the people reached the facilities with the help of their families, while 40% were brought by police or volunteers who found them wandering. Impairment in socio-occupational functioning was only mild in 90% of residents, while 60% did not contact relatives or friends in the past 3 months. Conclusion: PMI living in non-hospital residential facilities were on average in their middle age and were deficient in marital bonds and other social support. They had reached the centres with the help of extended family or by police/volunteers who rescued them from wandering status. Nevertheless, most of them had only mild to moderate levels of impairment, and their functional capacity was good for independent living in the community with support. Hence, newer models of supported housing that provide greater community reintegration, like independent shared housing within regular neighbourhoods, can be tried. In persons with residual family ties, providing continuous community-based support may help re-establish family integration.

Learning disability and the Scottish Mental Health Act

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Heather Welsh ◽  
Gary Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Legislation ◽  
Scottish Government ◽  
Health Legislation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 for people with learning disabilities in Scotland, in the context of the recent commitment by the Scottish Government to review the place of learning disability (LD) within the Act. Design/methodology/approach All current compulsory treatment orders (CTO) including LD as a type of mental disorder were identified and reviewed. Data was collected on duration and type of detention (hospital or community based) for all orders. For those with additional mental illness and/or personality disorder, diagnoses were recorded. For those with LD only, symptoms, severity of LD and treatment were recorded. Findings In total, 11 per cent of CTOs included LD as a type of mental disorder. The majority of these also included mental illness. The duration of detention for people with LD only was almost double that for those without LD. A variety of mental illness diagnoses were represented, psychotic disorders being the most common (54 per cent). Treatment was broad and multidisciplinary. In all, 87 per cent of people with LD only were prescribed psychotropic medication authorised by CTO. Originality/value There has been limited research on the use of mental health legislation for people with learning disabilities. This project aids understanding of current practice and will be of interest to readers both in Scotland and further afield. It will inform the review of LD as a type of mental disorder under Scottish mental health law, including consideration of the need for specific legislation.

ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN PITA CUKAI PADA KPPBC TIPE MADYA CUKAI KEDIRI

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44
Author(s):  
Deni Herdiyana
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Data Collection Methods ◽  
Government Accounting ◽  
Collection Methods

This research was conducted to analyze the accounting policy for excise tape inventory which is implemented in the KPPBC Type Madya Cukai Kediri. The research method used is through a qualitative approach. To support this research, data collection methods were carried out which included literature studies and field studies related to the supply of excise stamps for the 2019. The results of the study can be concluded that KPPBC TMC Kediri has recognized and recorded excise inventory accounting by applying accrual basis and as a whole is in accordance with the regulations of government accounting standards, but there is an acknowledgment of inventory excise stamps in KPPBC TMC Kediri which is not yet in accordance with PMK Number 224/PMK.05/2016. Furthermore, KPPBC TMC Kediri has implemented the SAKTI application to support its accounting business processes. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa kebijakan akuntansi persediaan pita cukai yang diimplementasikan di KPPBC Tipe Madya Cukai Kediri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Untuk mendukung penelitian tersebut, dilakukan metode pengumpulan data yang mencakup studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan terkait persediaan pita cukai TA 2019. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa KPPBC TMC Kediri telah melakukan pengakuan dan pencatatan akuntansi persediaan  cukai dengan penerapan basis akrual dan secara keseluruhan telah sesuai dengan peraturan standar akuntansi pemerintahan, namun terdapat salah satu pengakuan persediaan pita cukai di KPPBC TMC Kediri yang belum sesuai dengan PMK Nomor 224/PMK.05/2016. Selanjutnya,  KPPBC TMC Kediri telah mengimplementasikan aplikasi SAKTI untuk menunjang proses bisnis akuntansinya.

Seeds and seasons: interpreting germination timing in the field

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Genetic Pathways ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Germination Phenology ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Germination Timing

This paper discusses how field and laboratory experiments, using a variety of genetic material, can be combined to investigate the genetic basis of germination under realistic ecological conditions, and it reviews some of our recent work on germination phenology ofArabidopsis thalianain the field. Our results indicate that the genetic basis of germination depends on the environment. In particular, the conditions during seed maturation interact with post-dispersal environmental factors to determine germination phenology, and these interactions have a genetic basis. Therefore genetic studies of germination need to consider carefully the environment – both during seed maturation and after dispersal – in which the experiments are conducted in order to characterize genetic pathways involved with germination in the field. Laboratory studies that explicitly manipulate ecologically relevant environmental factors can be combined with manipulative field studies. These studies can identify the particular environmental cues to which seeds respond in the field and characterize the genetic basis of germination responses to those cues. In addition, a variety of genetic material – including mutant and transgenic lines, intact natural genotypes, recombinant genotypes, and near isogenic lines – can be used in field studies as tools to characterize genetic pathways involved in germination schedules under natural ecological conditions.

Psychosis-Risk Syndromes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Allison N. Macdonald ◽  
Katrina B. Goines ◽  
Derek M. Novacek ◽  
Elaine F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Psychosis Risk

Identifying individuals at risk for psychotic disorders is now a major focus of research. The key objectives of this work are to identify mechanisms underlying the emergence of psychosis and predict impending illness, with the goal of developing preventive interventions. Despite notable progress, there is a dearth of ethically informed policies to guide disclosure, documentation, and treatment practices. The limited predictive validity of psychosis-risk criteria and stigma surrounding psychotic disorders hinder such policy development. Thus, several challenging questions remain: Does the psychosis-risk designation achieve an adequate predictive power to indicate risk for a more serious disorder? When and how should individuals learn that they are at risk for a psychotic illness, and should such information be included in medical records? What, if any, treatment recommendations should be made? This article addresses these challenges and frames the central issues confronting ethically informed policies and practices for identifying and treating psychosis-risk syndromes.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TINGKAT KETEPATAN WAKTU KRL COMMUTER LINE LINTAS TANAH ABANG-RANGKASBITUNG (STUDI KASUS: STASIUN CISAUK)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bintang ◽  
Dewi Linggasari ◽  
Hokbyan Angkat
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Delay Tolerance

Commuter Line trains are one of the modes of transportation that are very popular with the Jabodetabek community. KRL Commuter Line is capable of reducing the level of congestion in urban areas, so it is expected that the KRL Commuter Line is able to meet the needs of the community with punctuality in performance. This study’s purpose is to identify the timeliness of Green Line KRL departures by scheduling it and classify the level of Green Line KRL departure delays and determine solutions that can be applied to reduce the level of KRL Green Line departure. The research method used to collect data by online surveys and field studies. Then analyzed with Gap Analysis in order to obtain information about individual characteristics, characteristics of travel, and perceived delays according to KRL Green Line users. From the results of the analysis, it was found that KRL users have 3 late tolerance limits according to the Ministerial Regulation set a delay tolerance limit of 5 minutes while the results of the perception of KRL users on the Green Line lane tolerance limit of 5 minutes and finally according to KRL users at Cisauk Station tolerate delays by 10 minutes.  ABSTRAKKereta Commuter Line adalah salah satu moda transportasi yang sangat diminati masyarakat Jabodetabek. KRL Commuter Line juga dinilai mampu mengurangi tingkat kemacetan di perkotaan, sehingga diharapkan KRL Commuter Line mampu memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dengan ketepatan waktu dalam kinerjanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengindentifikasi ketepatan waktu keberangkatan KRL Green Line dengan penjadwalannya serta mengklasifikasikan tingkat keterlambatan keberangkatan KRL Green Line dan menentukan solusi yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengurangi tingkat keterlambatan keberangkatan KRL Green Line. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah dengan survey online dan studi lapangan. Lalu dianalisis dengan Gap Analysis agar didapatkan informasi mengenai karateristik individu, karateristik perjalanan, dan persepsi keterlambatan menurut pengguna  KRL Green Line. Dari hasil analisis, didapat bahwa pengguna KRL mempunyai 3 batasan toleransi keterlambatan yaitu menurut Peraturan Menteri ditetapkan batas toleransi keterlambatan sebesar 5 menit sedangkan hasil dari persepsi pengguna KRL jalur Green Line batas toleransi keterlambatan sebesar 5 menit dan yang terakhir menurut pengguna KRL di Stasiun Cisauk menoleransikan keterlambatan sebesar 10 menit.

A census study of mental illness in Samsø

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen ◽  
Jørgen Achton Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Depressive Patients

SynopsisCensus data from the Danish island of Samsø have provided information on all but 20% of the population. Fifty per cent of the population with past or present mental illness had been referred to the psychiatric service during the 18-year-period 1957–74; the proportion varied from 85 % for patients with psychoses (100 % for schizophrenic patients, and 90% for manic-depressive patients) to 43 % with non-psychotic disorders. The frequency of past and present mental illness was 24 %, higher for women with manic-depressive disorders, psychogenic (reactive) psychoses, and neuroses. The possible reasons for these and other findings are discussed.

Homicide

2020 ◽  
pp. 1478-1486
Author(s):  
Matthew Large ◽  
Olav Nielssen
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Domestic Homicide ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Disproportionate Number

A range of killings of one person by another can be described as a homicide. Homicide rates vary greatly between geographic regions, reflecting differences in social factors such as weapon availability, patterns of substance use, the efficacy of the police and other institutions, and overall levels of violent crime. Domestic homicide is killing within a family and includes fatal domestic violence and most homicides of infants, children, and older people. Most homicides by people with mental illness are of family members, but most domestic homicide offenders are not mentally ill. People with mental illness, particularly those with schizophrenia, commit a small percentage of all homicides, but a disproportionate number, compared to the incidence of mental illness. Mental health professionals have a role in preventing homicides by offering interventions for domestic violence, substance use disorder, and the early and continued treatment of psychotic disorders.

Mental illness in some Sub Saharan African communities: the perspective of Bioethics and transcultural nursing

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-502
Author(s):  
Alessia Maccaro ◽  
Davide Piaggio ◽  
Concetta Anna Dodaro ◽  
Leandro Pecchia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Transcultural Nursing ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
Sub Saharan

In this paper, transcultural nursing is reviewed in light of bioethical issues arising from the interpretation of mental illness in some Western Sub-Saharan African communities. Four field studies were carried out by the authors of this paper in Sub-Saharan Africa (from 2016 to 2019), during which the traditional “treatment” of enchaining people considered “crazy” by local cultures was explored. These inhuman practices raise the attention of bioethics, which investigate ways to overcome this traditional practice not violating the cultural identity of the peoples who practice it. The model of Gregoire Ahongbonon and of his Association, “Saint Camille de Lellis”, is reported as an example of negotiation between the respect for traditions and the guarantee of human rights. The care practice in force in the Saint Camille is related to transcultural nursing as an adequate form of treatment and strategy for restoring patients’ dignity and rights.

Mental illness as a predictor of patient attendance and anthropometric changes: observations from an Australian publicly funded obesity management service

2020 ◽  
pp. 103985622095371
Author(s):  
Louise Brightman ◽  
Alexandra Dunne ◽  
Hsin-Chia Carol Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Clinically Significant

Objective: Obesity is associated with co-morbid mental illness. The Canberra Obesity Management Service (OMS) supports adults with severe obesity who have the psychosocial capacity to engage. This study will determine whether mental illness is a predictor of OMS attendance and anthropometric changes. Method: A retrospective audit was performed from July 2016 to June 2017. Baseline characteristics, attendance and anthropometrics were stratified according to the presence of mental illness. Outcomes included weight stabilisation and clinically significant weight loss. Descriptive analyses were performed. Results: Mental illness was present in 60/162 patients (37%). Attendance was similar for those with and without mental illness. Patients with mental illness had twice as many co-morbidities ( p = .001). Depressive disorders were most common ( n = 28, 47%). Anxiety, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders also featured. Weight stabilisation was achieved by 25 patients (66%) with mental illness and 25 (35%) without. Clinically significant weight loss was observed in 10 patients (26%) with and 26 (40%) without mental illness. Conclusion: The presence of mental illness did not impact OMS attendance or weight stabilisation. The higher rate of co-morbidities in those with mental illness highlights the challenges faced by this vulnerable population.

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