scholarly journals Community Composition and Carbon Utilization Profiles of Yodo River Microbes in Brackish and Freshwater Sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
MEI YAMATO ◽  
JUNQIN PANG ◽  
SATOSHI SODA ◽  
MICHIHIKO IKE
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Freshwater Sediments ◽  
Carbon Utilization Profiles

Carbon utilization profiles of Fusarium virguliforme isolates

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tang ◽  
C.B. Hill ◽  
G.L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Carbon Utilization Profiles

Fusarium virguliforme is the cause of sudden death syndrome in soybean. Physiological variability among isolates of the fungus is unknown. One way to measure physiologic variability is to analyze growth on different carbon sources. The carbon source utilization profiles of 18 F. virguliforme isolates were examined using the Biolog FF 96-well microplate, which contains 95 different carbon sources. The utilization of dextrin, d-mannitol, maltotriose, d-lactic acid methyl ester, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, salicin, d-trehalose, and l-alanine differed significantly among isolates (P = 0.05). Carbon sources were grouped into 3 clusters based on their ability to promote growth of F. virguliforme, after calculating Euclidean distances among them. About 12% of the carbon sources promoted a high amount of mycelial growth, 39% promoted a medium amount of growth, and 49% promoted a low amount of mycelial growth; the latter was not significantly different from the water blank control. A hierarchical tree diagram was produced for the 18 isolates based on their carbon source utilization profiles using Ward’s hierarchical analysis method. Two main clusters of isolates were formed. One cluster represented greater average mycelial growth on all of the carbon sources than the other cluster. In this study, variability in carbon source utilization among F. virguliforme isolates was evident, but the results were not associated with geographic origin of the isolates, year collected, or published data on aggressiveness. Additional research is needed to determine if these carbon utilization profiles are associated with other biological characteristics, like spore germination, propagule formation, and saprophytic competitiveness.

scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term Starvation on the Survival, Recovery, and Carbon Utilization Profiles of a Bovine Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolate from New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (14) ◽  
pp. 4383-4390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron N. Xavier ◽  
Hugh W. Morgan ◽  
Ian R. McDonald ◽  
Helen Withers
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carbon Utilization Profiles ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

ABSTRACTThe ability to maintain a dual lifestyle of colonizing the ruminant gut and surviving in nonhost environments once shed is key to the success ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 as a zoonotic pathogen. Both physical and biological conditions encountered by the bacteria are likely to change during the transition between host and nonhost environments. In this study, carbon starvation at suboptimal temperatures in nonhost environments was simulated by starving a New Zealand bovineE. coliO157:H7 isolate in phosphate-buffered saline at 4 and 15°C for 84 days. Recovery of starved cells on media with different nutrient availabilities was monitored under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We found that the New Zealand bovineE. coliO157:H7 isolate was able to maintain membrane integrity and viability over 84 days and that the level of recovery depended on the nutrient level of the recovery medium as well as the starvation temperature. In addition, a significant difference in carbon utilization was observed between starved and nonstarved cells.

scholarly journals ThefruRBAOperon Is Necessary for Group A Streptococcal Growth in Fructose and for Resistance to Neutrophil Killing during Growth in Whole Human Blood

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1016-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla M. Valdes ◽  
Ganesh S. Sundar ◽  
Luis A. Vega ◽  
Ashton T. Belew ◽  
Emrul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Catabolic Repression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group A ◽  
Intraperitoneal Infection ◽  
Carbon Utilization Profiles ◽  
Human Specific

Bacterial pathogens rely on the availability of nutrients for survival in the host environment. The phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a global regulatory network connecting sugar uptake with signal transduction. Since the fructose PTS has been shown to impact virulence in several streptococci, including the human pathogenStreptococcus pyogenes(the group AStreptococcus[GAS]), we characterized its role in carbon metabolism and pathogenesis in the M1T1 strain 5448. Growth in fructose as a sole carbon source resulted in 103 genes affected transcriptionally, where thefrulocus (fruRBA) was the most induced. Reverse transcriptase PCR showed thatfruRBAformed an operon which was repressed by FruR in the absence of fructose, in addition to being under carbon catabolic repression. Growth assays and carbon utilization profiles revealed that although the entirefruoperon was required for growth in fructose, FruA was the main transporter for fructose and also was involved in the utilization of three additional PTS sugars: cellobiose, mannitol, andN-acetyl-d-galactosamine. The inactivation ofsloR, afruAhomolog that also was upregulated in the presence of fructose, failed to reveal a role as a secondary fructose transporter. Whereas the ability of both ΔfruRand ΔfruBmutants to survive in the presence of whole human blood or neutrophils was impaired, the phenotype was not reproduced in murine whole blood, and those mutants were not attenuated in a mouse intraperitoneal infection. Since the ΔfruAmutant exhibited no phenotype in the human or mouse assays, we propose that FruR and FruB are important for GAS survival in a human-specific environment.

scholarly journals Effect of Lake Trophic Status and Rooted Macrophytes on Community Composition and Abundance of Ammonia-Oxidizing Prokaryotes in Freshwater Sediments

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 3127-3136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Herrmann ◽  
Aaron M. Saunders ◽  
Andreas Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Sediments ◽  
Lake Trophic Status ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Softwater Lakes ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Pcr Targeting

ABSTRACT Communities of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in freshwater sediments and those in association with the root system of the macrophyte species Littorella uniflora, Juncus bulbosus, and Myriophyllum alterniflorum were compared for seven oligotrophic to mesotrophic softwater lakes and acidic heathland pools. Archaeal and bacterial ammonia monooxygenase alpha-subunit (amoA) gene diversity increased from oligotrophic to mesotrophic sites; the number of detected operational taxonomic units was positively correlated to ammonia availability and pH and negatively correlated to sediment C/N ratios. AOA communities could be grouped according to lake trophic status and pH; plant species-specific communities were not detected, and no grouping was apparent for AOB communities. Relative abundance, determined by quantitative PCR targeting amoA, was always low for AOB (<0.05% of all prokaryotes) and slightly higher for AOA in unvegetated sediment and AOA in association with M. alterniflorum (0.01 to 2%), while AOA accounted for up to 5% in the rhizospheres of L. uniflora and J. bulbosus. These results indicate that (i) AOA are at least as numerous as AOB in freshwater sediments, (ii) aquatic macrophytes with substantial release of oxygen and organic carbon into their rhizospheres, like L. uniflora and J. bulbosus, increase AOA abundance; and (iii) AOA community composition is generally determined by lake trophy, not by plant species-specific interactions.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ACRYLAMIDE-DEGRADING Burkholderia sp. STRAIN DR.Y27

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neni Gusmanizar ◽  
Yunus Shukor ◽  
Johari Ramli ◽  
Mohd. Arif Syed
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Quantitative Monitoring ◽  
Biolog Gn ◽  
Carbon Utilization Profiles

 ABSTRACT Several local bacteria have been isolated from glyphosate-contaminated soils at various locations throughout Malaysia. Quantitative monitoring of acrylamide degradation was performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) whilst bacterial growth was carried out by plate counting. The isolate was tentatively identified as Burkholderia sp. strain DR.Y27 based on carbon utilization profiles using Biolog GN plates and partial 16s rDNA molecular phylogeny. Highest growth was obtained at acrylamide concentrations of between 100 to 2000 mg L-1.  Complete degradation of 850 mg L-1 of acrylamide occurs after ten days of incubation with concomitant cell growth. The isolate grew optimally in between pH 6.0 and 8.0. The effect of incubation temperature on the growth of this isolate shows an optimum growth at 30°C. Glucose, lactose, maltose, fructose, mannitol, citric acid and sucrose at an initial concentration of 1.0% (w/v) supported growth with glucose being the best carbon source. Aliphatic amides such as 2-chloroacetamide, methacrylamide, nicotinamide, acrylamide, acetamide, propionamide and urea supported growth with increasing assimilative capability from 2-chloroacetamide to urea. The characteristics of this isolate suggest that it would be useful in the bioremediation of acrylamide.  Keywords:  isolation, characterization, acrylamide-degrading, Bacterium

scholarly journals The Relationship between Fungal Diversity and Invasibility of a Foliar Niche—The Case of Ash Dieback

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Ahto Agan ◽  
Rein Drenkhan ◽  
Kalev Adamson ◽  
Leho Tedersoo ◽  
Halvor Solheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Ash Dieback ◽  
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Ecological Success ◽  
Carbon Utilization Profiles ◽  
European Ash

European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is threatened by the invasive ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus originating from Asia. Ash leaf tissues serve as a route for shoot infection but also as a sporulation substrate for this pathogen. Knowledge of the leaf niche partitioning by indigenous fungi and H. fraxineus is needed to understand the fungal community receptiveness to the invasion. We subjected DNA extracted from unwashed and washed leaflets of healthy and diseased European ash to PacBio sequencing of the fungal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region. Leaflets from co-inhabiting rowan trees (Sorbus aucuparia) served as a reference. The overlap in leaflet mycobiomes between ash and rowan was remarkably high, but unlike in rowan, in ash leaflets the sequence read proportion, and the qPCR-based DNA amount estimates of H. fraxineus increased vigorously towards autumn, concomitant with a significant decline in overall fungal richness. The niche of ash and rowan leaves was dominated by epiphytic propagules (Vishniacozyma yeasts, the dimorphic fungus Aureobasidion pullulans and the dematiaceous hyphomycete Cladosporium ramotenellum and H. fraxineus), and endophytic thalli of biotrophs (Phyllactinia and Taphrina species), the indigenous necrotroph Venturia fraxini and H. fraxineus. Mycobiome comparison between healthy and symptomatic European ash leaflets revealed no significant differences in relative abundance of H. fraxineus, but A. pullulans was more prevalent in symptomatic trees. The impacts of host specificity, spatiotemporal niche partitioning, species carbon utilization profiles and life cycle traits are discussed to understand the ecological success of H. fraxineus in Europe. Further, the inherent limitations of different experimental approaches in the profiling of foliicolous fungi are addressed.

Carbon utilization profiles of bacteria colonizing the headbox water of two paper machines in a Canadian mill

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Kashama ◽  
Véronique Prince ◽  
Anne-Marie Simao-Beaunoir ◽  
Carole Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Paper Machines ◽  
Carbon Utilization Profiles

scholarly journals Comparison of Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in the Phyllosphere with That in the Rhizosphere of Spinach and Radish Plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 1182-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria T. Brandl ◽  
Aileen F. Haxo ◽  
Anna H. Bates ◽  
Robert E. Mandrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Decline Rate ◽  
Carbon Utilization Profiles ◽  
Spinach Leaves

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni has been isolated previously from market produce and has caused gastroenteritis outbreaks linked to produce. We have tested the ability of this human pathogen to utilize organic compounds that are present in leaf and root exudates and to survive in the plant environment under various conditions. Carbon utilization profiles revealed that C. jejuni can utilize many organic acids and amino acids available on leaves and roots. Despite the presence of suitable substrates in the phyllosphere and the rhizosphere, C. jejuni was unable to grow on lettuce and spinach leaves and on spinach and radish roots of plants incubated at 33°C, a temperature that is conducive to its growth in vitro. However, C. jejuni was cultured from radish roots and from the spinach rhizosphere for at least 23 and 28 days, respectively, at 10°C. This enteric pathogen also persisted in the rhizosphere of spinach for prolonged periods of time at 16°C, a temperature at which many cool-season crops are grown. The decline rate constants of C. jejuni populations in the spinach and radish rhizosphere were 10- and 6-fold lower, respectively, than on healthy spinach leaves at 10°C. The enhanced survival of C. jejuni in soil and in the rhizosphere may be a significant factor in its contamination cycle in the environment and may be associated with the sporadic C. jejuni incidence and campylobacteriosis outbreaks linked to produce.

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