scholarly journals Potentialities of botulinum therapy in cosmetology

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
O. M. Kapuler
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Face ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine

The desire to maintain youth as long as it possible in modern society, especially among women of working age, is primarily due to the desire to be in demand, well-groomed and attractive. Currently, there are 5 main methods that contribute to improving the condition of the skin of the face, namely: the method using professional cosmetics, chemical peels, mesotherapy, treatment with an injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) and intradermal implants based on hyaluronic acid. The aim of the literature review was to analyze the latest scientific data on the possibility of botulinum therapy in cosmetology. Wrinkles of open areas of the body (primarily on the face and in the decollete) have a negative effect on the emotional background and quality of life of women. In this regard, recently there has been a significant increase in demand for aesthetic medicine services, one of the areas of which is botulinum therapy (BT). Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is a powerful neurotoxin that inhibits the release of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction. Injections of small doses of botulinum toxin type A into targeted mimic muscles cause their relaxation, which smoothes the underlying layer of the skin, thereby regressing mimic wrinkles. Today, according to officially approved indications, it is used in cosmetology, botulinum therapy is used to correct mimic wrinkles in the upper third of the face, drooping corners of the mouth, in the complex correction of the face oval, in the treatment of axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis. Blocking a tear mediator like acetylcholine, not only the presynaptic membranes of neuromuscular synapses are rich, but also many anatomical structures, such as glandular tissue (sweat, other glands, etc.). This commonality of the mechanism of action on various physiological processes in our body allows us to make an assumption about the great potential of botulinum therapy in the treatment of a number of diseases associated with impaired neuromuscular conduction.

scholarly journals Potentialities of botulinum therapy in cosmetology

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
O. M. Kapuler
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Face ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine

The desire to maintain youth as long as it possible in modern society, especially among women of working age, is primarily due to the desire to be in demand, well-groomed and attractive. Currently, there are 5 main methods that contribute to improving the condition of the skin of the face, namely: the method using professional cosmetics, chemical peels, mesotherapy, treatment with an injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) and intradermal implants based on hyaluronic acid. The aim of the literature review was to analyze the latest scientific data on the possibility of botulinum therapy in cosmetology. Wrinkles of open areas of the body (primarily on the face and in the decollete) have a negative effect on the emotional background and quality of life of women. In this regard, recently there has been a significant increase in demand for aesthetic medicine services, one of the areas of which is botulinum therapy (BT). Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is a powerful neurotoxin that inhibits the release of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction. Injections of small doses of botulinum toxin type A into targeted mimic muscles cause their relaxation, which smoothes the underlying layer of the skin, thereby regressing mimic wrinkles. Today, according to officially approved indications, it is used in cosmetology, botulinum therapy is used to correct mimic wrinkles in the upper third of the face, drooping corners of the mouth, in the complex correction of the face oval, in the treatment of axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis. Blocking a tear mediator like acetylcholine, not only the presynaptic membranes of neuromuscular synapses are rich, but also many anatomical structures, such as glandular tissue (sweat, other glands, etc.). This commonality of the mechanism of action on various physiological processes in our body allows us to make an assumption about the great potential of botulinum therapy in the treatment of a number of diseases associated with impaired neuromuscular conduction.

Botulinum Toxin Injections for Facial Rhytides

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill A. Foster ◽  
Matthew P. Ohr
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type B ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine ◽  
To Come ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
The U.S

Once feared for its deadly properties, Botulinum toxin is now revered for its effectiveness as a treatment in minimally invasive facial rejuvenation. The injection of Botulinum toxin is the most frequently performed nonsurgical cosmetic procedure, with at least 4.8 million procedures in 2009. First approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1979 for the treatment of strabismus, Botulinum toxin was shown to be both safe and effective for use to decrease muscle function. Botulinum toxin’s cosmetic applications were first recognized when it was noted that facial rhytides improved in the areas of treatment with the toxin when it was used for noncosmetic applications in the late 1980s and early 1990s. FDA approval for cosmetic treatment of the glabellar furrows was announced in 2002, and off-label aesthetic indications have continued to evolve. Botulinum toxin is produced by the gram-positive, anaerobic Clostridium botulinum. The neurotoxin acts on the peripheral nervous system, where it inhibits release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic terminal at the neuromuscular junction. There are seven distinct antigenic Botulinum toxins (BTX-A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) produced by different strains of C. botulinum. The human nervous system is susceptible to only five of these serotypes (BTX-A, B, E, F, G), and types A and B are currently available for human injection. In the United States, there are four commercially available Botulinum toxin preparations: three types of Botulinum toxin type A, OnabotulinumtoxinA or Botox Cosmetic® (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA), IncobotulinumtoxinA or Xeomin (Merz, Frankfort Germany), and abobotulinumtoxinA or Dysport (Medicis, Scottsdale, AZ). There is one preparation of Botulinum toxin type B, RimabotulinumtoxinB or Myobloc® (Elan Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA). Other Botulinum toxin type A products are anticipated to come to the U.S. market in the next decade as well. Different formulations of Botulinum toxin type A are biochemically unique and are not necessarily equivalent in dosing. The Botox unit is three times as potent as the Dysport unit, but this conversion ratio does not take into consideration safety or antigenic potential. Practically speaking, a range of 2.5 to 3 to one has been recommended to make Dysport dosing approximate the effects of Botox.

The mechanisms of action of Botulinum Toxin type A in nociceptive and neuropathic pathways in Cancer Pain.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Reyes-Long ◽  
Alfonso Alfaro-Rodríguez ◽  
Jose Luis Cortes-Altamirano ◽  
Eleazar LaraPadilla ◽  
Elizabeth Herrera-Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Nociceptive Transmission ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine ◽  
Cancer Experience

Background: Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is widely employed for cosmetic purposes and in the treatment of certain diseases such as strabismus, hemifacial spasm and focal dystonia among others. BoNT-A effect mainly acts at the muscular level by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at presynaptic levels consequently blocking the action potential in the neuromuscular junction. Despite the great progress in approval and pharmaceutical usage, improvement in displacing BoNT-A to other pathologies has remained short. Patients under diagnosis of several types of cancer experience pain in a myriad of ways; it can be experienced as hyperalgesia or allodynia, and the severity of the pain depends, in some degree, on the place that the tumor is located. Pain relief in patients diagnosed with cancer is not always optimal, and as the disease progresses, transition to more aggressive drugs, like opioids is sometimes unavoidable. In recent years BoNT-A employment in cancer has been explored, as well as an antinociceptive drug; experiments in neuropathic, inflammatory and acute pain have been carried out in animal models and humans. Although its mechanism has not been fully cleared evidence has shown that BoNT-A inhibits the secretion of pain mediators (substance P, Glutamate, and calcitonin gene related protein) from the nerve endings and dorsal root ganglion, impacting directly on the nociceptive transmission through the anterolateral and trigeminothalamic systems. Aim: Collect available literature regarding molecular, physiological and neurobiological evidence of the BoNT-A in cancer patients suffering from acute, neuropathic and inflammatory pain in order to identify possible mechanisms of action in which the BoNT-A could impact positively in pain treatment. Conclusion: BoNT-A could be an important neo-adjuvant and coadjuvant in the treatment of several types of cancer, diminish pro-tumor activity and secondary pain.

Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Improving Scar Quality and Wound Healing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. NP273-NP285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuang Guo ◽  
Guodong Song ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Xiaolei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Face ◽  
Scar Quality

Abstract Background Botulinum toxin type A-induced “chemoimmobilization” has long been utilized for improved scar quality and wound healing; however, current evidence is limited to small studies, and evidence-based information is inadequate to make well-informed decisions. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) to improve scars and wound healing. Methods The authors searched databases, including Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared outcomes of surgical scars and wounds treated with BTA vs those treated with blank or placebo controls. The Visual Analog Scale, Vancouver Scar Score, scar width, and reported patient satisfaction were utilized in evaluating outcomes. Adverse events were also recorded. Results Eleven RCTs involved a total of 486 cases (374 patients). Quantitative synthesis suggested that compared with the control group, patients in the BTA treatment group had significantly higher Visual Analog Scale scores (mean difference [MD] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 to 1.55), lower Vancouver Scar Scores (MD = −1.62, 95% CI: −2.49 to −0.75, P = 0.0003), and thinner scars (MD = −0.15, 95% CI: −0.20 to −0.11, P < 0.00001). Patient satisfaction was higher in the BTA group than in the control group (risk ratio: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.49, P = 0.01). Trivial adverse events were reported. Conclusions This meta-analysis of RCTs provides reliable evidence that BTA injection is superior to placebo or blank control group in improving scar quality and wound healing in the face and neck for Asians, and negative outcomes for BTA treatment in these patients include only trivial adverse events. However, inadequate evidence supports utilization of BTA in Caucasians for primary surgical scars or for scars in locations other than the face and neck. Further studies on the standardized injection regimen and technique of BTA are warranted for clinical practice. Level of Evidence: 1

scholarly journals Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Hyperkinetic Lines of the Face

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Singh Chauhan ◽  
K. M. Cariappa ◽  
Yadavalli Guruprasad
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
The Face

Management of Post-Facelift Facial Paralysis With Botulinum Toxin Type A

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Grassi Salles ◽  
Wellington Menezes Mota ◽  
Adelina Fátima do Nascimento Remigio ◽  
Antonio Carlos Herrmann de Andrade ◽  
Rolf Gemperli
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Nerve Lesions ◽  
Outcomes Evaluation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Third

Abstract Background Facial nerve injury after facelift is rare; hence, its treatment is poorly established. Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) can be used to resolve the asymmetry. There is no protocol in the literature about the best timing for this treatment, injection sites or recommended dose. Objectives Propose a protocol to guide the management of asymmetries post-facelifts. Methods Fifteen patients with post-rhytidectomy facial palsies were treated in the non-paralyzed side with BTXA. After analysis of the smile deviation vectors, it is possible to identify the muscles that should be treated. The dose varied from 1-2 Uv/point. Patients were examined after 15 days for outcomes evaluation, and “touch-up” if needed. Patients were re-treated after 5-6 months in case of asymmetry recurrence. Results Symmetry was achieved in all cases. Six patients had definitive nerve lesions and needed to be treated every 6 months after the first session. Five patients had lesions affecting the upper third of the face, four of them were definitive nerve lesions. Two of the four patients who were treated less than 2 weeks after surgery recovered early from the post-facelift paralysis and developed reversed asymmetry due to the BTXA. In seven patients, the post-facelift asymmetry was due to neuropraxis: the recovery from the nerve injury and BTXA treatment occurred symmetrically on both sides of the face in the following months, after one single session. Conclusions Asymmetries post-facelifts were successfully managed with the proposed protocol. Best time for injection was 2-4 weeks after surgery.

Prevention of diisopropylphosphorofluoridate-induced myopathy by botulinum toxin type A blockage of quantal release of acetylcholine

1991 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sket ◽  
W. -D. Dettbarn ◽  
M. E. Clinton ◽  
K. E. Misulis ◽  
J. Sketelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Quantal Release ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine

scholarly journals Botulinum Toxin Type A Reconstituted with Lidocaine: A Report of 1000 Consecutive Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4491
Author(s):  
Pierfrancesco Bove ◽  
Vincenzo Santillo ◽  
Giuseppe Colella ◽  
Rita Vitagliano ◽  
Romolo Fragola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
The Face ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Upper Third ◽  
Minimally Invasive Methods

(1) Background: There is an increasing demand for a reversal of the aging process and, nowadays, more patients are seeking minimally invasive methods instead of surgery to meet this goal. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the predictability of the off-label aesthetic use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) reconstituted with lidocaine. (2) Methods: One thousand treatments, between January 2010 and January 2020, with BoNTA reconstituted with lidocaine for the rejuvenation of the upper third of the face, were performed and retrospectively evaluated. (3) Results: A few seconds after the BoNTA injections, the effect of muscle paralysis was seen in all cases; this allowed providing an optimal symmetric result with no need for a touch-up procedure at the control after three weeks. A burning sensation during the injections was claimed by almost all patients. Major complications were not registered. No touch-up procedures were required. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study show how the reconstitution of BoNTA with lidocaine may avoid imperfect results after the injections; the immediate feedback on the extent of paralysis to be expected from the chemodenervation action of BoNTA allows the physician to have immediate control of the final result.

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