scholarly journals Does the Culture of Honor do well in Poland?

Family Forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
Przemysław Marcin Zdybek ◽  
Radosław B. Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Culture Of Honor ◽  
Observer Perspective ◽  
Honor Culture ◽  
Active User ◽  
Polish Culture

This paper deals with the issue of honor culture in Poland. In a traditional honor culture, honorable men should be sensitive to situations where their honor is defiled. They should also be ready to defend their good name (Cohen and Nisbett, 1997), even if it means using violence. In such a culture women cannot actively defend their honor. The authors checked the gender role differences (both in actor and observer perspective) in attitudes towards honorable behaviors. The paper presents two experiments, analyzed with repeated ANOVA measures. In the first study, which is a replication of the research conducted by Szmajke (1999), men and women (N=156) evaluated a letter written by an "honorable" killer and a "dishonorable" thief (in two gender versions). The second study (N=146) replicated the results of the first one.The results confirm the traditional concept of the culture of honor as a permission for aggression used by men to defend their good name, in the eyes of both women and men. The use of violence by women in an analogues situation is evaluated negatively by both genders. Results shows that the general gender roles in Polish culture of honor keeps men as active user of violence to respond for the provacation. Women are not allowed to active violent defend of their honor.

The Effects of Attitudes Toward Family Life and Gender Roles on Marital Satisfaction

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANE N. LYE ◽  
TIMOTHY J. BIBLARZ
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Family Attitudes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between the gender role and family attitudes of husbands and wives and five indicators of marital satisfaction. The authors argue that men and women who espouse nontraditional attitudes are likely to be less satisfied than their more traditional counterparts. An empirical analysis is presented using data from husbands and wives interviewed in the 1987-88 National Survey of Families and Households. Husbands and wives who hold nontraditional attitudes toward family life are less satisfied with their marriages, as are men and women whose attitudes diverge from their spouse's attitudes. The effects of attitudes did not vary according to the actual gender roles observed by the couple.

How Gender-Role Salience Influences Attitude Strength and Persuasive Message Processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asia A. Eaton ◽  
Penny S. Visser ◽  
Vicki Burns
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Attitude Strength ◽  
Message Processing ◽  
Role Salience ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Male Gender Roles ◽  
The Relationship

We conducted three studies to examine the relationship between gender and persuasion. We tested the notion that making gender roles salient affects the strength of individuals’ attitudes and the way they respond to persuasive information. In Studies 1 and 2, we found that priming women with the female gender role reduced the strength of their attitudes (Study 1, N = 50) and increased their susceptibility to persuasion through a low-thought process (Study 2, N = 98). In Study 3, we manipulated the salience of both the female and male gender roles among men and women and assessed persuasion to a counter-attitudinal message ( N = 185). We found that the female and male primes affected men and women similarly, with the female prime causing participants to process messages superficially and the male prime leading to thoughtful message processing. These findings help to explain women’s slightly greater persuadability in meta-analyses and provide evidence of harms that stereotypes about women can cause. Moving forward, we urge researchers to be wary of gender salience in the research context, especially when conducting persuasion research.

scholarly journals GENDER PERSPEKTIF ETIKA PESANTREN (Studi Tentang Kepemimpinan Kiai dan Nyai Tentang Sosialisasi Gender di Lingkungan Sosial Pondok Pesantren Wahidhasyim Sleman Yogyakarta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-332
Author(s):  
Erfan Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women In Islam

Gender socialization in pesantren is a top priority because gender construction in pesantren is very dependent on how gender identity is also formed through how strong the socialization process is. The identity formed in the pesantren will then become a reference for the students to socialize or interact with the environment outside the pesantren. From that, the issue of gender or equal partnerships between men and women, which was previously known as the increase in the position of the role of women in Islam, has increasingly attracted a lot of progress and success. There are two orientations in socializing gender in pesantren, namely: first, strengthening the normativity of gender roles . This role is performed by most of the kyai, nyai, and teachers. Second, prioritizing gender role textuality. This motive is carried out by a small number of madrasah teachers and badal kyai and nyai when conducting recitation at the pesantren. The problem is the focus of this research discussion. First, what is the role of kyai and nyai leadership in gender socialization at the Wahid Hasyim Islamic boarding school, Sleman Yogyakarta. Second, how to implement gender criteria in the regulations of the Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta Islamic boarding school. Third, how is the implementation of the santri behavior of the Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta Islamic boarding school. Sosialisasi gender di pesantren menjadi prioritas utama sebab konstruksi gender yang ada di pesantren sangat bergantung pada bagaimana identitas gender juga dibentuk melalui seberapa kuat proses sosialisasinya. Identitas yang terbentuk di pesantren selanjutnya akan menjadi acuan para santri untuk bermasyarakat ataupun berinteraksi dengan lingkungan di luar pesantren. Dari itu, persoalan gender atau kemitra sejajaran antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang sebelumnya dikenal dengan peningkatan kedudukan peran perempuan dalam Islam semakin menarik banyak kemajuan dan keberhasilan.Terdapat dua orientasi dalam mensosialisasikan gender di pesantren, yaitu: pertama, menguatkan normativitas peran-peran gender. Peran ini dilakukan oleh sebagian besar para kyai, nyai, dan guru. Kedua, mengedepankan tekstualitas peran gender. Motif ini dilakukan oleh sebagian kecil guru madrasah dan badal kyai serta nyai ketika melakukan pengajian di pesantren. Adapun problem yang menjadi fokus pembahasan penelitian ini. Pertama, Bagaiman peran kepemimpinan kyai dan nyai dalam sosialisasi gender di pesantren Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta. Kedua, Bagaimana implementasi kesteraan gender dalam peraturan pesantren Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta. Ketiga, bagaimana implementasi pada perilaku santri pesantren Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Whited ◽  
Kevin T. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Sex differences in cardiovascular reactivity to stress are well documented, with some studies showing women having greater heart rate responses than men, and men having greater blood pressure responses than women, while other studies show conflicting evidence. Few studies have attended to the gender relevance of tasks employed in these studies. This study investigated cardiovascular reactivity to two interpersonal stressors consistent with different gender roles to determine whether response differences exist between men and women. A total of 26 men and 31 women were assigned to either a traditional male-oriented task that involved interpersonal conflict (Conflict Task) or a traditional female-oriented task that involved comforting another person (Comfort Task). Results demonstrated that women exhibited greater heart rate reactions than men independent of the task type, and that men did not display a higher reactivity than women on any measure. These findings indicate that sex of participant was more important than gender relevance of the task in eliciting sex differences in cardiovascular responding.

scholarly journals Fathers and Gender Traditionalism: Perception of Inequality and Life Roles

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Paterna ◽  
Carmen Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Couple Relationship ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Life Roles ◽  
Gender Traditionalism

Men's discourse about the paternal role is changing significantly. Despite the fact that men still perceive themselves as being responsible for the family's economical protection and the children's discipline, they face increasing demands for more involvement in childcare. From this perspective, this work analyzes the traditional view of gender roles and the perception of inequality in a sample of 95 employed fathers, as well as the various levels of satisfaction with other life roles and their relevance as a function of some gender and sociodemographic variables. The results show that men do not maintain a very traditional gender ideology with regard to role distribution and they still consider the paternal role and feelings as the most important thing in their lives. However, the couple relationship gives them the most satisfaction. Level of traditionalism and age were the two significant predicting variables of perception of inequality of men and women.

scholarly journals Gender Roles and Employment Pathways of Older Women and Men in England

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401774269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariska van der Horst ◽  
David Lain ◽  
Sarah Vickerstaff ◽  
Charlotte Clark ◽  
Ben Baumberg Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

In the context of population aging, the U.K. government is encouraging people to work longer and delay retirement, and it is claimed that many people now make “gradual” transitions from full-time to part-time work to retirement. Part-time employment in older age may, however, be largely due to women working part-time before older age, as per a U.K. “modified male breadwinner” model. This article therefore separately examines the extent to which men and women make transitions into part-time work in older age, and whether such transitions are influenced by marital status. Following older men and women over a 10-year period using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this article presents sequence, cluster, and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Little evidence is found for people moving into part-time work in older age. Typically, women did not work at all or they worked part-time (with some remaining in part-time work and some retiring/exiting from this activity). Consistent with a “modified male breadwinner” logic, marriage was positively related to the likelihood of women belonging to typically “female employment pathway clusters,” which mostly consist of part-time work or not being employed. Men were mostly working full-time regardless of marital status. Attempts to extend working lives among older women are therefore likely to be complicated by the influence of traditional gender roles on employment.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER ROLE ATTITUDES AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Çuhadaroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Study Group ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the relationships between university students and their perceptions of gender roles and epistemological beliefs were investigated. Gender roles are a phenomenon that are determined by culture, and begin to emerge at an early age, which may include some stereotypical behaviors along with a number of attitudes, duties and obligations that the individual is expected to perform as a woman or a man. Epistemological belief is seen as an individual feature of how knowing and learning take place. In this study, a mixed method was used. The quantitative study group consists of 517 students from both universities, while the qualitative study group consists of 85 people. Gender Role Attitudes Scale and Epistemological Beliefs Scale were used to collect quantitative data. In order to obtain qualitative data, participants were given a form consisting of open-ended questions. According to the analyses, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between the participants' epistemological beliefs and gender roles attitudes and, epistemological beliefs were a significant predictor of gender roles attitudes. The results obtained are discussed in line with the existing literature. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0798/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals The politics of abortion and contraception

Sociologija ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Rada Drezgic
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Reproductive Risk ◽  
Gender Power ◽  
Micro Level

In this article the author challenges several dominant positions that are relevant for understanding demographic trends and contraceptive practices as well as their mutual relationship. First, the author rejects the assumed direct connection between high abortion rates and low fertility. Second, the author challenges the thesis according to which abortions come about because of the lack of contraception and proposes that high abortion rates result from failing contraception i.e. from high failing rates of coitus interruptus which is a preferred method of birth control by men and women in Serbia. Finally, the author argues that giving control over reproductive risk to men does not make women passive victims of male domination. Rather women are, it is argued, active agents in reproducing hegemonic gender roles and relations. In addition, the author shows how gender power relations formed at the micro level may be consequential for macro level politics.

scholarly journals UNDANG-UNDANG PERKAWINAN DAN MARGINALISASI PEREMPUAN (Studi Kritis Terhadap Undang-undang Perkawinan No.1 Tahun 1974)

EGALITA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdul Hamid, MA, Nur Fadhilah, S.HI
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Men And Women

Gender differences which generats gender role do not need to be refused as long as they do not cause undesirable impacts. However, the problem is that gender role creates unequality structures in particular aspects such as can be found in Marital Laws. Some sections of Marital laws are considered gender bias for women. For instance, section 31  verse 3 and section 4 are categorized as irrelevant sections to build gender as well as human rights equality which been recommended by CEDAW convention (Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Againts Women) and Act no 7/1984. Therefore, these efforts should be taken to establish the Act or the regulation based on gender perspective to achieve equality and justice for both sexes (men and women) in all aspects particularly in a family relationship.

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