Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Infrared Radiation in the Afterbody of a Mars entry Capsule

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Takayanagi ◽  
Adrien Lemal ◽  
Satoshi Nomura ◽  
Kazuhisa Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Infrared Radiation

6. Planetary climate and habitability

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-121
Author(s):  
Raymond T. Pierrehumbert
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
The Way

‘Planetary climate and habitability’ studies planetary climate, particularly the way an atmosphere affects temperature and a planet's habitability. The entire temperature profile, from the planet's centre to the tenuous outer reaches of its atmosphere (if it has one), is of importance. Real atmospheres are never completely transparent to the infrared radiation which seeks to escape to space. Gases which are good absorbers of infrared radiation act as planetary insulation. This is the greenhouse effect, and gases that are good infrared absorbers are called greenhouse gases; carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas for Earth.

Infrared Mean Absorption Coefficients of Luminous Flames and Smoke

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Hubbard ◽  
C. L. Tien
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Carbon Soot ◽  
The Mean

A simple procedure has been developed for the calculation of the Planck mean emission and absorption coefficients and the Rosseland mean absorption coefficient for infrared radiation of the soot-gas mixtures commonly occurring in luminous flames and smoke. Specific results are presented for mixtures involving carbon dioxide, water vapor and carbon soot, the dominant species in most combustion systems. The close agreement between the various averages clearly demonstrates the usefulness of the mean absorption coefficient concept for applications.

Measurements of Carbon Dioxide Nonequilibrium Infrared Radiation in Shocked and Expanded Flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Takayanagi ◽  
A. Lemal ◽  
S. Nomura ◽  
K. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Infrared Radiation

Simulations of Carbon-Dioxide Equilibrium Infrared Radiation Measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lemal ◽  
H. Takayanagi ◽  
S. Nomura ◽  
K. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Radiation Measurements

Appropriate Mean Absorption Coefficients for Infrared Radiation of Gases

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Abu-Romia ◽  
C. L. Tien
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Radiative Heat Flux ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Planar Medium

In this paper, a study is made on the calculation of appropriate mean absorption coefficients for the infrared radiation of gases. The Planck and Rosseland mean absorption coefficients for the optically thin and optically thick gases are expressed as functions of the spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties of the gas. Values of the Planck and Rosseland mean absorption coefficients are presented for carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor in the temperature range from 1000 to 5000 deg Rankine. To illustrate the application of these results, the radiative heat flux is calculated for the simple case of a planar medium.

scholarly journals Calculation of infrared heating burners of a micronizer using biomethane

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
V. A. Afanasyev ◽  
A. N. Ostrikov ◽  
I. S. Bogomolov ◽  
D. A. Nesterov ◽  
P. V. Filiptsov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Control System ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Infrared Heating ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Radiation Burners

Studies have been carried out on the purification of biogas from sulfur compounds, carbon dioxide and water vapor for subsequent use in micronizer burners. The possibility of bringing it to the parameters of natural gas of the following composition: methane (CH4) – 85 % vol., carbon dioxide СО2 – 11 % vol., water vapor – 9 mg/m3, hydrogen sulfide H2S - 20 mg/m3 with minimal energy costs for its preparation is demonstrated. The basic relationships are obtained for assessing the design and technological parameters of the infrared radiation burners operation. Experimental studies of the flame stability limits on perforated ceramic nozzles have shown that flashback through them is possible when the thermal power is increased to a certain critical value. In this case, the thermal power depends on the type of gas and the air content in the combustible mixture. The heat balance equations have been derived to optimize the designs and operation modes of infrared radiation burners. The design of 40 gas burners was improved by changing the geometric dimensions and shape for a uniform distribution of biogas supplied and sustainable combustion over the entire area of the burner. It was established that the temperature of the heating surface of the GIK-8 burner on gas mixtures with a CO2 content of 18-34 % is 900-950 ° C, which does not differ from the nominal temperature when operating on natural gas. The infrared heating system was modernized, adapted for burning purified biogas with methane content up to 98 %, in particular, the biomethane feed and control system, the additional biogas input system, and the automatic burner control system were improved.

Electron Cytochemical Study of Carbon Dioxide Laser Effect on Rhesus Monkey Cornea

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
K. C. Tsou ◽  
J. Morris ◽  
P. Shawaluk ◽  
B. Stuck ◽  
E. Beatrice
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Laser Effect

While much is known regarding the effect of lasers on the retina, little study has been done on the effect of lasers on cornea, because of the limitation of the size of the material. Using a combination of electron microscope and several newly developed cytochemical methods, the effect of laser can now be studied on eye for the purpose of correlating functional and morphological damage. The present paper illustrates such study with CO2 laser on Rhesus monkey.

The Critical Point Drying Method Applied to Scanning Electron Microscopy of L-929 Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
Charles TurnbiLL ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Scanning Electron

The advent of the scanning electron microscope (SCEM) has renewed interest in preparing specimens by avoiding the forces of surface tension. The present method of freeze drying by Boyde and Barger (1969) and Small and Marszalek (1969) does prevent surface tension but ice crystal formation and time required for pumping out the specimen to dryness has discouraged us. We believe an attractive alternative to freeze drying is the critical point method originated by Anderson (1951; for electron microscopy. He avoided surface tension effects during drying by first exchanging the specimen water with alcohol, amy L acetate and then with carbon dioxide. He then selected a specific temperature (36.5°C) and pressure (72 Atm.) at which carbon dioxide would pass from the liquid to the gaseous phase without the effect of surface tension This combination of temperature and, pressure is known as the "critical point" of the Liquid.

A global perspective of ground level, 'ambient' carbon dioxide for assessing the response of plants to atmospheric CO2

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Ziska ◽  
O. Ghannoum ◽  
J. T. Baker ◽  
J. Conroy ◽  
J. A. Bunce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Atmospheric Co2
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