Development of a Sensor for Total Temperature and Humidity Measurements under Mixed-Phase and Glaciated Icing Conditions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Fuleki ◽  
Ali Mahallati ◽  
Thomas C. Currie ◽  
James D. MaCleod ◽  
Daniel C. Knezevici
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Measurements ◽  
Total Temperature

scholarly journals Climatological and statistical characteristics of the Haines Index for North America

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Winkler ◽  
Brian E. Potter ◽  
Dwight F. Wilhelm ◽  
Ryan P. Shadbolt ◽  
Krerk Piromsopa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Measurements ◽  
Operational Tool

The Haines Index is an operational tool for evaluating the potential contribution of dry, unstable air to the development of large or erratic plume-dominated wildfires. The index has three variants related to surface elevation, and is calculated from temperature and humidity measurements at atmospheric pressure levels. To effectively use the Haines Index, fire forecasters and managers must be aware of the climatological and statistical characteristics of the index for their location. However, a detailed, long-term, and spatially extensive analysis of the index does not currently exist. To meet this need, a 40-year (1961–2000) climatology of the Haines Index was developed for North America. The climatology is based on gridded (2.5° latitude × 2.5° longitude) temperature and humidity fields from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. The climatology illustrates the large spatial variability in the Haines Index both within and between regions using the different index variants. These spatial variations point to the limitations of the index and must be taken into account when using the Haines Index operationally.

Differences in the microenvironment of a polycarbonate caging system: bedding vs raised wire floors

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Raynor ◽  
W. H. Steinhagen ◽  
T. E. Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Bedding Material ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Measurements

The microenvironment of polycarbonate cages housing rats with and without various types of bedding was compared with that of cages that utilized wire floor inserts with different bedding types. Parameters monitored were temperature, humidity, ammonia concentrations and particulates. No differences were noted in the various caging types in relation to temperature and humidity measurements. Significant differences in ammonia concentrations existed in some of the cages when bedding material was used. The use of raised floorwalk inserts also demonstrated significant differences in particulate counts to cages without inserts. The data obtained demonstrated that contact bedding was useful in controlling ammonia generation and that a raised floorwalk insert reduced significantly the aerosolization of bedding particles that could be ingested or inhaled by the rats.

scholarly journals Moisture and dynamical interactions maintaining decoupled Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus in the presence of a humidity inversion

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 10127-10148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Solomon ◽  
M. D. Shupe ◽  
P. O. G. Persson ◽  
H. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Cloud Layer ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Cloud Liquid Water ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Entrainment Zone

Abstract. Observations suggest that processes maintaining subtropical and Arctic stratocumulus differ, due to the different environments in which they occur. For example, specific humidity inversions (specific humidity increasing with height) are frequently observed to occur near cloud top coincident with temperature inversions in the Arctic, while they do not occur in the subtropics. In this study we use nested LES simulations of decoupled Arctic Mixed-Phase Stratocumulus (AMPS) clouds observed during the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Indirect and SemiDirect Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) to analyze budgets of water components, potential temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy. These analyses quantify the processes that maintain decoupled AMPS, including the role of humidity inversions. Key structural features include a shallow upper entrainment zone at cloud top that is located within the temperature and humidity inversions, a mixed layer driven by cloud-top cooling that extends from the base of the upper entrainment zone to below cloud base, and a lower entrainment zone at the base of the mixed layer. The surface layer below the lower entrainment zone is decoupled from the cloud mixed-layer system. Budget results show that cloud liquid water is maintained in the upper entrainment zone near cloud top (within a temperature and humidity inversion) due to a down gradient transport of water vapor by turbulent fluxes into the cloud layer from above and direct condensation forced by radiative cooling. Liquid water is generated in the updraft portions of the mixed-layer eddies below cloud top by buoyant destabilization. These processes cause at least 20% of the cloud liquid water to extend into the inversion. The redistribution of water vapor from the top of the humidity inversion to its base maintains the cloud layer, while the mixed layer-entrainment zone system is continually losing total water. In this decoupled system, the humidity inversion is the only source of water vapor for the cloud system, since water vapor from the surface layer is not efficiently transported into the mixed layer. Sedimentation of ice is the dominant sink of moisture from the mixed layer.

Effects of Temperature and Humidity on the Sound Absorption of Automotive Sound Absorbing Materials

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Green ◽  
Andrea L. Zent
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Measurements ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Absorption Measurements

Normally, small differences in day-to-day and laboratory-to-laboratory sound absorption measurements do not have large consequences because most noise control applications are not highly sensitive to small changes in sound absorption. However, in the automotive industry, materials are not purchased unless they meet strict sound absorption targets. As a result, decisions worth millions of U.S. dollars are made based on acoustic measurements. As material sound absorption moves closer to target values, the consequences of small measurement variations, such as those which might be caused by changes in ambient temperature and humidity during the course of a test, become more critical. The purpose of the work presented in this paper is to investigate which materials used for vehicle sound absorption are sensitive to temperature and humidity. Measurements are made using an impedance tube. It is discovered that typical materials used as absorbers in automotive applications are not sensitive to small temperature changes, and only a few materials are sensitive to changes in humidity.

The Radiation of the Atmosphere on the Bases of Temperature and Humidity Measurements at Lindenberg

1920 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Anders Ångström ◽  
H. Hergesell ◽  
Anders Angstrom
Keyword(s):  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Measurements
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